CSU Salt Water Based Muds Experiment Lab Report

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QNA23

Engineering

Colorado State University

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Laboratory Experiment No. 8 Salt Water Based Muds Objective: To evaluate the properties of salt water or saturated salt muds. Lab Procedure: 1. Prepare sufficient amount of mud specified in the table. calculate the final mud density and the amounts of clay and water to mix. 2. 3. 4. 5. Using mud balance measure mud density in ppg. Measure plastic viscosity and apparent viscosity. Record600 and 300 rpm readings. Add the required amount of salt and repeat steps 2 and 3 above. Dilute the mud from step 4 by adding water to adjust the final density equal to the density measured in step 2. Use the following mass and volume material balance formulas to calculate the amount of water (ml) needed: If the final volume is not limited the water volume in ml is given as function of initial mud volume [Vi (ml)], density of initial mud density [γi (gm/cc)], final mud density [γf (gm/cc)], and water density [γw (gm/cc)]. If the final volume is a large number, use 100 ml of original mud to find volume of water needed. Use the following equation to determine the amount of water needed in ml to add to the 100 ml of original mud as: And the volume of final mud with the addition of 100 ml of initial mud and required water is given as: 6. 7. Repeat step 2 and 3. Clean and return all equipment to their proper places. Graphs: 1. Plot plastic viscosity versus weight percent of clay foreach step (total of three curves on one graph.) 2. Plot apparent viscosity versus weight percent of clayfor each step (total of three curves on one graph.) 3. Plot yield point versus weight percent of clay for eachstep (total of three curves on one graph.) Questions: 1. How does salt affect drilling fluid properties? 2. Give at least two examples of formations with salt. Salt Water Based Muds - Materials Group 1: a. 2% Zeogel + 98% Salt water (35,000 ppm) b. 25 ppb Salt c. Fresh water Group 2: a. 4% Zeogel + 96% Salt water (35,000 ppm) b. 25 ppb Salt c. Fresh water Group 3: a. 6% Zeogel + 94% Salt water (35,000 ppm) b. 25 ppb Salt c. Fresh water Group 4: a. 8% Zeogel + 92% Salt water (35,000 ppm) b. 25 ppb Salt c. Fresh water Data Sheets: Salt Water Based Muds Experiment Date: No. Clay Type Required Density ppg Group: Additives Water cc Clay gm G1P1a G1P1b ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ G1P1c G2P1a G2P1b G2P1c G3P1a G3P1b G3P1c G4P1a G4P1b G4P1c Sample: Measured Density ppg Viscosity Measurements θ600 θ300 G1-A G1-B G1-C G2-A G2-B G2-C G3-A G3-B G3-C G4-A G4-B G4-C clay type 2% zeogel 4% zeogel 6% zeogel 8% zeogel additives required density ppg 8.63 Water cc 500 Clay gm 10.56 8.72 267 500 0 21.3 8.83 200 500 0 32.24 8.938 135.2 500 0 44.304 148 250 30 25 20 PV No. 15 10 5 0 0 measured density ppg 8.63 8.95 8.63 8.7 9.3 8.7 8.8 9.1 viscosity measurements ⏀600 4.8 6 3.4 52.3 45.5 12.6 46.6 51.3 17.6 97.2 83.5 36.7 8.85 9.3 9 viscosity ⏀300 3.5 4.4 2.3 28.3 29.4 7.6 41.7 44.5 15.2 83.3 77.4 31.9 PV 1.3 1.6 1.1 24 16.1 5 4.9 6.8 2.4 13.9 6.1 4.8 Yield point AV 2.4 3 1.7 26.15 22.75 6.3 23.3 25.65 8.8 48.6 41.75 18.35 2.2 2.8 1.2 4.3 13.3 2.6 36.8 37.7 12.8 69.4 71.3 27.1 PV VS. WEIGHT PERCENT 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 WEIGHT PERCENT zeogel Salt Water 0.07 0.08 0.09 W% PV 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 1.3 24 4.9 13.9 AV 1.6 16.1 6.8 6.1 1.1 5 2.4 4.8 2.4 26.15 23.3 48.6 3 22.75 25.65 41.75 1.7 6.3 8.8 18.35 AV VS. WEIGHT PERCENT 60 50 AV 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 WEIGHT PERCENT zeogel Salt Water 0.07 0.08 yp 2.2 4.3 36.8 69.4 2.8 13.3 37.7 71.3 1.2 2.6 12.8 27.1 YIELD POINT VS. WEIGHT PERCENT 80 70 YIELD POINT 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.08 0.09 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 WEIGHT PERCENT zeogel Salt Water HT PERCENT 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
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Explanation & Answer

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Abdulaziz K. Alhawas
Dr. Fatemeh Belyadi
Laboratory Experiment No. 7
Red Lime Muds
West Virginia University
Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering
March 7, 2018

Introduction and Objective
Red lime muds is a clay-based water mud that used tannates
(from tannic acid) as clay deflocculant and mined lignite for
fluid-loss control, usually with lime. The tannates were usually
quebracho, which is red at high pH. Red muds were used extensively
in the 1940s and 1950s. In addition, Q-Broxin was used instead of
Quebracho.
The objectives of the experiment were to analyze the red lime
in a drilling fluid. In addition, plot volume of filtrate versus
square root of time and produce one curve for each group.

Equipment

Figure 4:
Dish.
ON/OFF

Figure 1:
Blender.

Figure 7:
Viscometer.

Figure 2:
Graduated
cylinder.

Figure 8:
Viscometer
cup.

Figure 3:
Blender
cup.

Figure 9:
Mud balance.

0.00g

PRINT
Unit

Figure 6:
Caliper.

Figure 5:
Balance.

Figure 10:
Resistivity
meter.

Figure 11:
Filter
press.

1

Procedure
First of all, an appropriate quantity of Aquagel mud with
22.5 ppb density was prepared. Secondly, mud density in ppg was
measured using the mud balance. Furthermore, mud plastic and
apparent viscosities and gel strength of the drilling fluid was
measured using the viscometer for different RPM. Moreover, 600,
300 RPM and 10 second gel values were recorded for the mud sample
(phase 1). A specific amount of lime was added while mixing the
sample and the previous procedures were repeated (phase 2). A
specific amount of Q-Broxin was added while mixing the sample and
the previous procedures were repeated (phase 3). A specific amount
of starch was added while mixing the sample and the previous
procedures were repeated (phase 4). Consequently, filter press was
prepared at 100 psig pressure was applied and instantly volume of
filtrate was recorded at every minute for a total of 7.5 minutes
after that the used mud was appropriately discarded. Moreover, the
mud cak...


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