Human Skeleton Efficient Bipedal Locomotion Questions

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1.List the six (6) modifications of the human skeleton that facilitate efficient bipedal locomotion.

2.The best-defining anatomical characteristics of hominins relate to bipedal locomotion. T/F

3.Hominin commitment to bipedalism is termed bipedalism. bipedalism means hominis move bipedally as their stand and most efficient mode of locomotion.

4.Part (A) List the possible advantages to fully bipedal locomotion.

5.Part (B) List whatever disadvantages you can think of regarding bipedalism as compared to quadrupedal locomotion.

6.What makes Sahelanthropus tchadensis from Chad so unusual?

7.List the characteristics of the australopith species.

8.Provide an explanation of the fossil Lucy (AL)288-1 (see Figure 10-14). Include: (1) The name of her discoverer and date of discovery; (2) the location in which the fossil was found; (3) two (2) reasons for the significance of the fossil; and (4) the genus and species to which it is assigned.

9.State the general conclusions reached by most researchers regarding locomotion of A. afarensis.


10.Why is the so-called "Black Skull" so important?

11.To answer the questions below, refer to page 307 in the text and the URL

http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/rdart.html

(copy and past URL in another browser window).

Part (A) Describe the fossil material (and its date of discovery) that comprised the Taung skull as Raymond Dart first received it from the original site.

Part (B) Explain the term endocast.

Part (C) Check the term breccia in the dictionary. Then determine what it refers to in the context of this question.

12.Discuss the problems and interpretations surrounding the early Homo finds.

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1. List the six (6) modifications of the human skeleton that facilitate efficient bipedal
locomotion.
There are modifications of the human skeleton that facilitate efficient bipedalism. These include;


Enlargement of the knee joints in the human body. This aims at supporting the
bodyweight of a person. Locomotion is facilitated by keeping the knees straight and
thighs inwardly bent. This aims at maintaining the balance of a person.



The human limbs have also evolved to facilitate bipedalism. The hind limbs are extended
while the forelimbs are short and defined. The leg has a natural swing which helps
facilitate the use of muscles while swinging the leg forward. This enhances the upward
motion of a human being.



The human feet are enlarged, and the toes became short and more defined. This was
aimed at supporting their increased weight.



To support efficient bipedal locomotion, the human being formed larger hip joints. This
limits the use of large muscles in movement and in balancing the body weight of a person
during upward motion.



To support efficient bipedal locomotion, the vertebral column in human beings show a
forward bend and an inward bend in the lumbar and thoracic portion, respectively. This
limits the use of muscles in both standing and walking.



The weight of the head is supported by the foramen magnum which is located below ...

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