APA paper with a minimum of 2000 words (maximum 2500 words) in length and should completely answer the proposed questions/items as listed under “Overview". You should have a minimum of three (3) references. APA formatting is required and all responses should be combined into a single document for submissionYou may build upon this assessment in Community Health II by planning, implementing and evaluating a project within your community designed to address primary prevention of an identified health concern. Each of the areas below are to be reviewed in your paper: Defining, Assessment, Data Gathering, Data Generation. Be sure that your paper has all of the components listed in the rubric under "Learning Materials" near the bottom of this page.Defining the CommunityYour community can be any geographically defined county, city, or town. Clearly delineate the following dimensions before starting the process of community assessment:Describe the population that is being assessed?What is/are the race(s) of this population within the community?Are there boundaries of this group? If so, what are they?Does this community exist within a certain city or county?Are there general characteristics that separate this group from others?Education levels, birth/death rates, age of deaths, insured/uninsured?Where is this group located geographically…? Urban/rural?Why is a community assessment being performed? What purpose will it serve?How will information for the community assessment be collected?AssessmentAfter the community has been defined, the next phase is assessment. The following items describe several resources and methods that can be used to gather and generate data. These items serve as a starting point for data collection. This is not an all-inclusive list of resources and methods that may be used when a community assessment is conducted.The time frame for completion of the assessment may influence which methods are used. Nonetheless, these items should be reviewed to determine what information will be useful to collect about the community that is being assessed. It is not necessary to use all of these resources and methods; however, use of a variety of methods is helpful when one is exploring the needs of a community.Data Gathering (collecting information that already exists)Demographics of the CommunityWhen demographic data are collected, it is useful to collect data from a variety of levels so comparisons can be made.If the population that is being assessed is located within a specific setting, it may be best to contact that agency to retrieve specific information about that population.The following resources provide a broad overview of the demographics of a city, county, or state:State and County Quick Facts—Easy access to facts about population, housing, economics, geographic data, business, based on U.S. Census dataObtain information about a specific city or county on these useful websites www.epodunk.com and www.city-data.comInformation from Government AgenciesHealthy People 2020—this resource is published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It identifies health improvement goals and objectives for the country to be reached by the year 2020National Center for Health Statistics—this agency is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; this website provides statistical information about the health of AmericansNational Vital Statistics SystemCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)—The CDC website contains a large amount of information related to the health of the American population. The search engine within this website can be used to find relevant informationFederal agencies with statistical programsEvery state in the United States has its own specific health improvement plan and goals that are based on the Healthy People 2020 document. This information may be available on the state health department website.State and local health departments provide information related to vital statistics for the community.Other Data SourcesAmerica’s Health Rankings—this website provides information about various health indicators for each state: https://www.americashealthrankings.org/Other relevant data sources may be found by conducting an Internet search related to the topic that is being examined through the community assessment.After data are collected from various sources, it is important to review the information and to identify assets and areas for improvement in the community by comparing local data (if available) versus state and national data. This will facilitate organization of the information that has already been obtained and will provide direction for the next step of the process.Data Generation (data are developed that do not already exist):Windshield SurveysWith the use of public transportation or by driving a vehicle around the community, one can observe common characteristics of the community.Examples of key observations to make when one is assessing the community through a windshield survey include the following:Age of the homes in the communityLocation of parks and other recreational areasAmount of space between homes and businessesNeighborhood hangoutsTransportation in the communityQuality and safety of streets and sidewalksStores and other businessesPeople out in the communityCleanliness of the communityBillboards or other media displaysPlaces of worshipHealthcare facilitiesParticipant ObservationSpend time observing the population that is being assessed. Through observation of interactions among group members, much can be learned about the community, including the following:Developmental level of the populationEffectiveness of peer-to-peer interactionsRespect for peers and othersSafety in the environmentEconomic statusInformant InterviewsInformants could be people who are familiar with and interact with the population on a regular basis.Examples of questions that may be asked of key informants include the following:Strengths/assets of the communityAreas of improvement for the communityConcerns of community membersAccess to health careEmergency plans for natural or man-made disastersFocus GroupsFocus groups (usually small groups of 6-12 people) can be helpful when one is gathering information about specific areas of concern within the population. Use of a focus group involves open dialogue about the population, whereas an interview or survey yields only individual responses.Focus groups may be effective for assessing the following:Satisfaction with services providedCommunity resources usedTransportation issues within the communitySafety within the communityGeneral concerns of members of the populationSurveysSurveys may be used to collect data from the community. Selecting a sample of the target population may prove helpful in the collection of data that are easier to analyze. It is important to ensure that the sample is representative of the target population.A survey should be developed that takes into consideration the developmental level of the group that is being assessed. Questions should be written at the appropriate developmental level, so they are answered in a way that makes the data useful. Surveys might include closed-ended (yes/no), multiple choice (several responses to choose from), Likert scale (Strongly Agree/Agree/Neutral/Disagree/Strongly Disagree), or open-ended (“why”/“how”) questions.Topics that may be addressed in a survey include the following:Demographic informationStatus of employmentSafety within communitySafety in environmentPersonal safety (seatbelts, helmets, etc.)Stressors/stress management patternsRisky behaviorsSupport systemsVolunteer/community activitiesRest patternsNutritionDental hygieneHealth promotion activities

Case Study, Health Care Reform: The Dismantling of the Affordable Care ActAs we entered 2018, millions of Americansstill relied onAffordable Care Act(ACA) subsidies, health premiums were soaring, and provider choice was more limited than ever.There was, however, momentum for reform. Health care was identified as the country’s leading priority for Democrats (54%) and the second highest priority for Republicans (42%) at the close of 2017. A group of registered nurses debate the issue of health care reform.1. The nurses debate whether the country feels that health care reform is really necessary. Discuss reasons why reform is needed and what that reform should address.2. What were the 10 essential benefits guaranteed by insurance plans in the ACA Health Care Marketplace? 3. What are the successes of the ACA?4. What are the failures of the ACA?