NU Effective Leadership and Employee Performance Presentation

User Generated

lnqoncrre

Business Finance

National University

Description

Hi Helen

I need you to conduct a 6 slides PowerPoint presentation on the capstone project you just finished.

The capstone project in 3 chapters, The instructor wants 2 slides pre chapter.

Also, Please present the capstone project with your voice over the slides. Thank you!


Unformatted Attachment Preview

Running head: EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEE PERFOMANCE Effective Leadership and Employee Performance Yad Bapir National University LED 690 04/16/2020 1 Chapter 1: Introduction Employee performance is a vital determinant for the success of an organization. Similarly, various researchers have illustrated a positive correlation between leadership and employee performance (NawoseIng’ollan & Roussel, 2017). This means that leaders are responsible for empowering their employees so as to facilitate optimal organizational performance. Nevertheless, leadership directly, or indirectly, influences employee performance through a number of ways. Gandolfi & Stone (2018) assert that leadership can influence employee performance through its corporate governance strategy. This is achieved by establishing a corporate governance framework that promotes employee engagement in the organization, for instance, allowing employees to take part in the decision-making process. This plays a pivotal role in empowering employees by making them be aware of company goals as well as take part in steering the organization towards achieving organizational goals. Furthermore, the leadership style also plays a fundamental role in increasing employee performance. Leadership style differs from corporate governance by a slight margin, whereby as corporate governance entails controlling and managing internal as well as external resources so as to enhance organizational performance. Leadership style directly influences employee performance since it mainly focuses on the interaction between leaders and their subordinates. Leadership style fundamentally determines how leaders and employees coexist within the organization; therefore, leadership directly influences employee performance (Razak, Sarpan & Ramlan, 2018). Contextually, the purpose of this paper is to determine contemporary leadership styles that enhance employee performance. It is important to note that an organization is not limited to one leadership style, but rather adapt a leadership style that will get what needs to be done. For instance, a democratic leadership style could be used during the decision-making process, whereas an autocratic leadership style could be used during the delegation of job tasks. Background of the Study This purpose of this paper is to determine effective contemporary leadership styles that improve employee performance. Currently, various leadership models have been developed to directly influence employee performance. This section will discuss the background of the study, which shall build upon the study’s thesis. Historical Perspective. Conventional leadership styles, namely democratic, autocratic, and Laissez-Faire, are presented as involving personnel administration and thus facilitate corporate governance (Babatunde, 2015). Nevertheless, leadership styles have gradually shifted towards human resource management, whereby employees are viewed as the apex resources in the organization. Employee performance is the main aim of these leadership styles, which are measured through evaluation of employee job satisfaction, motivation, work discipline, as well as employee engagement. Razak, Sarpan & Ramlan (2018) assert that leaders can assess the impact of their leadership style by assessing the aforementioned indicators and consequently establish the effective leadership style that will enhance employee performance. Conceptual Perspective. In this study, contemporary leadership types consisting of transformational leadership style and transactional leadership style will make up the independent variables. On the other hand, employee performance will act as dependent variables in the study. The conceptual model is formed based on the relationship of a particular leadership style with employee performance in an organization. Accordingly, employee performance was measured based on work discipline, motivation, job satisfaction, as well as employee engagement. The degree in which these are upheld in an organization shall further be perceived on the basis of executing delegated duties, meeting deadlines, as well as the realization of departmental goals. Significance of the Study It is important that there still exists an apparent gap between effective leadership and employee performance on using the latter to efficiently tackle current market changes that threaten the sustainable development of organizations (Iqbal, Anwar & Haider, 2015). Therefore, this is a significant topic since it focuses on current leadership styles and how they enhance sustainable organizational growth by leveraging internal resources. Gandolfi & Stone (2018) asserts that leadership normally involves developing a business vision and then organizing different business resources through established strategies to steer the organization towards realizing the company’s long-term vision. Leadership also entails managing the negative impacts of various external factors as well as ensures the optimal performance of the organization’s internal environment. Moreover, apart from administration, Osborne & Hammoud (2017) state that human resource management in organizations is also a crucial component that promotes the optimal operational performance of an organization. Research Questions This paper attempts to explore how transformational and transactional leadership styles enhance employee performance based on determining employee performance indicators. Ultimately, the study will determine whether and how transformational and transactional leadership styles adopted in organizations enhance employee performance. It is widely inferred by various researchers that improving employee performance through effective leadership relied on the leadership style established in an organization (Osbourne & Hammoud, 2017; Al Khajeh, 2018). Hence, leaders should adopt a style that best suits a situation as well as motivates employee performance. Leadership is currently viewed as involving persuasion and clarification as well as the ability to assess, validate, and establish new values of their subordinates that they lead. Effective leadership also entails offering guidance and sharing of knowledge to employees so as to empower them so as to consequently enhance employee performance. Leadership style refers to the approach in which a leader directs and motivates their subordinates so as to achieve organizational goals (Babatunde, 2015). Al Khejah (2018) implies that leadership styles influence employee performance based on how business goals are communicated as well as how relations between the management level and operational employees are streamlined towards achieving the same goal. Direction of the Study The intent of this study is to determine how transformational and transactional leadership styles influence employee performance. Employee performance will be assessed based on job satisfaction, work discipline, employee engagement, and motivation. Both transactional and transformational leadership styles will be assessed based on these employee performance metrics. This will enable us to come to the conclusion of probable situations that each leadership style could be adopted to enhance employee performance. The study will take on a quantitative research approach. The primary data collection will be carried out through questionnaires, which will be distributed to selected companies. The participants will be made up of various leaders as well as employees from each company. The questionnaire will entail open-ended questions showing an ordinal level of measurement to assess employee performance based on the identified indicators, namely individual response on the level of motivation, work discipline, job satisfaction, and employee engagement. We will also assess the current leadership style adopted in the organizations as well as how they influence employee performance based on the established indicators. This will enable us to reach an objective conclusion on how the current style improves or affects employee performance. The next set of questions will entail asserting how their leadership compares to transactional leadership style as well as a transformational leadership style. This will assist in determining whether organizations still use conventional leadership styles or have transitioned to contemporary leadership styles. The last set of questions will assess how transformational or transactional leadership styles will impact employee performance. The last section basically assesses employee attitudes towards both transformational and transactional leadership styles in their organizations. The questionnaire was adopted from Razak, Sarpan & Ramlan (2018). The conclusion of the study will be determined based on the leadership style that most participants prefer. Furthermore, the results of the study will feature how motivation, work discipline, employee engagement, and job satisfaction are effective in assessing how leadership styles affect employee performance. This is important as it enables us to quantify the validity of our conclusion. Chapter 2: Literature Review Introduction Leadership has been identified as an important determinant on the failure or success of an organization. Gandolfi and Stone (2018) assert that leadership normally involves developing a business vision and then organizing different business resources through established strategies to steer the organization towards realizing the company’s long-term vision. Leadership also entails managing the negative impacts of various external factors as well as ensures the optimal performance of the organization’s internal environment. Apart from leadership, Osborne and Hammoud (2017) state human resource in organizations is also a crucial component that determines the organization’s operational performance. Studies carried out on the impacts of employee performance, and organizational performance show a positive correlation between the two variables (Go et al., 2018). Employee performance is greatly impacted by different factors associated with the organization’s internal environment. Talent management processes adopted in a company is one of the factors that affect employee performance. This entails knowledge and skill development programs carried out by the company. Shiqian (2018) argued that effective talent management strategies usually give organizations the ability to improve business performance through increased productivity among employees. Furthermore, employee motivation is also a critical determinant for employee performance. Nevertheless, employee motivation is further influenced by leadership styles. Leadership style refers to the approach in which a leader directs and motivates his subordinates so as to achieve organizational goals (Babatunde, 2015). Al Khejah (2018) implies that leadership styles influence employee performance based on how business goals are communicated as well as how relations between the management level and operational employees are streamlined towards achieving the same goal. Al Khajeh (2018) and Gandolfi and Stone (2018) illustrated that a number of leadership styles had been linked with the failure of an organization, particularly through low employee performance. Gandolfi & Stone (2018) asserts that such leadership styles normally leave out certain aspects such as talent management, whereby efficient talent management processes improve employee performance. Furthermore, effective communication is also seen as an important aspect that leadership styles should facilitate in an organization, so as to cultivate shared expectations on the achievement of the set goals. In this light, this paper aims to explore the effects of various leadership styles on employee performance, namely transactional and transformational leadership theories. Effective leadership aids in reducing the attrition rate (Wen et al., 2019). Therefore, this study will be performed so as to identify the best leadership style that a leader can adopt for managing business resources, and consequently increase employee performance. The latter will be carried out based on the synthesis level of bloom’s taxonomy framework. Employee Performance Torlak and Kuzek (2019) define employee performance as the absolute expected product or service output of an individual over a specific period. Various researchers have developed multidimensional frameworks that measure an employee’s performance, such as Deslie (2015) and Pradhan and Jena (2017). Pawirosumarto et al. (2017) claim that the basic elements measured by employee performance frameworks involve an employee’s expertise, skill, knowledge, and the behavior required for carrying out a particular job. Employee performance is considered as a crucial indicator for achieving company goals as well as a sustainable competitive advantage (Wen et al., 2019). Dahkoul (2018) asserts that employee performance may be determined by assessing the levels of engagement employees. This is generally because high job satisfaction among employees made them become more engaged with their employment responsibilities. Mokay and Kipyegon (2014) demonstrated that employee engagement was mainly influenced by the alignment of organizational goals with individual goals. This was associated with the aligned perception that attainment of company goals would lead to the attainment of their own goal. Training also influenced employee performance by enabling employees to develop knowledge and skills that will ultimately improve their performance (Mehrzi & Singh, 2016). Training programs commonly depend on the complexity and changes in the global market. Moreover, training ensures that employees meet the innovation levels and the skill set required for the contemporary market environment (Gruman & Saks, 2011). Most importantly, employee performance is determined by job satisfaction levels of employees (Dahkoul, 2018). Job satisfaction refers to the state of an employee to be happy and contented in their job since it can support their livelihood (Gitongu et al., 2016). Job satisfaction is also influenced by the alignment between individual and organizational goals. There is a positive correlation between individual goals and organizational goals, whereby if they align; employees will be more engaged with their job (Dahkoul, 2018). Effects of Leadership Style on Employee Performance Chua, Basit and Hassan (2018) assert that leadership style is commonly considered a paramount factor that influences employee’s behaviors and attitudes such as organizational commitment. Leadership styles have been claimed to greatly impact decisions, perceptions, and expectations of the organization. Effective leadership styles have the capacity to establish shared goals and expectation, which enhance the employees’ capability to work efficiently and effectively towards achieving organizational goals. Despite that policies are inhumane in nature; it is the leaders that infuse human resources with business procedures so as to perform business functions. Nevertheless, Iqbal (2015) asserts that effective leadership involves utilizing business resource efficiently to enhance its performance. Leadership Styles Leadership style is defined as the way in which a leader directs and controls business operations so as to achieve the set goals (Asghar & Oino, 2018). Leadership styles differ between organizations and industries (Zahari & Shurbagi, 2012). Moreover, leadership styles differ based on the situation; for instance, emergency scenarios may utilize a completely different leadership style compared to during normal operations. The leadership style, thus, adopted in an organization must address its business needs as well as the working environment (Asghar & Oino, 2018). The most prominent leadership styles adopted in various organizations are discussed below. The democratic leadership style largely involves engaging a number of employees in the organization’s decision making process (Chua et al., 2018). Basit et al. (2017) assert that democratic leadership style involves all aspects of a democratic environment such as equal participation, deliberation, self-determination, and inclusiveness. Puni et al. (2014) assert that democratic leaders actively promote group discussion and decisions. Ray and Ray (2012) implied that the characteristics of a democratic leader consisted of knowledgeable, influential, helpful, a good listener, situation-centred, and respect. The autocratic leadership style involves top-down hierarchical leadership, whereby the apex manager is given as much authority and decision making capabilities in an organization (Khan et al., 2015). Akor (2014) states that autocratic leadership style comprises of a centralized organizational structure, whereby the leader(s) normally approve tasks before happening as well as develop business strategies and issue them to be implemented. Iqbal (2015) infers that the leaders could be referred to as bosses, as they tell and the one told follows. Akor (2014) further asserts that leaders in autocratic business styles exclusively make decisions and demand for strategies to be implemented regardless of human considerations. Koech and Namusonge (2012) claimed that laissez-faire leadership style is the most ineffective, dissatisfying and unproductive style. This was mainly because the leaders under this leadership style avoid appraising their employees as well as avoided making decisions. Basit et al. (2017) cited that the leadership style involved disassociation from responsibilities as well as playing the blame card on negative outcomes of an implemented strategy. Ejimabo (2015) further support the inferences made by fellow researchers on the ineffectiveness of the leadership style to improve performance. Leadership Styles Focused on Enhancing Employee Performance Wen et al. (2019) proclaim that transformational leadership style entails more than one person interacting with each other, whereby the followers and leaders inspire each and thus develop a transforming impact on both followers and leaders. The leadership style emphasizes on promoting an employee’s process-orientation, development, and commitment based on social values and expectations. Consequently, the employees become motivated and thus perform better than expected. Robbins and Judge (2017) claim that transformational leaders attempt to challenge employees to perform their work in a selfless manner, which normally results in outstanding performance from the employees. Such leaders usually have effective persuasion and communication skills, which enable them to have an extraordinary effect on the employees (Asghar & Oino, 2018). The necessary aspects that characterize a transformational leadership style comprise of inspirational motivation, individualized consideration, intellectual simulation, and idealized influence (Bass & Avolio, 1997). Transactional leadership style, on the other hand, involves leaders asserting authority over their subordinates through incentives and sanctions (Dahkoul, 2018). Robbins et al. (2017) further explain that transactional leaders normally direct and motivate their employees to meet particular goals by elucidating task and roles requirements. Normally, transactional leaders set targets for employees, whereby employees were rewarded for their achievement of the goals. On the other hand, those who did not meet the set target were punished (Banks et al., 2016). Various studies on its effects on employee performance show that despite that the style did not yield long-term employee commitment to the organization, they indeed led to improved employee performance (Saleem, 2015). Furthermore, transaction leaders appraise their employees based on achieved and set goals (Razack et al., 2018). Proposition Development This part of the paper will discuss the correlation between dependent variables and independent variables to identify the most suitable leadership theory to be adopted by leaders in an organization. The transformational and transactional leadership styles will be assessed in relation to employee performance. The four basic elements in transformational leadership play an important role in describing the foundational notions that make up the leadership style. The four elements include individualized consideration, idealized influence, intellectual simulation, and inspirational motivation (Asghar & Oino, 2018). Abbas (2015) claim that leaders utilizing this approach are perceived as psychoanalysts, since they are supposed to learn, comprehend, and assess their employees’ attitudes, perceptions, and thoughts so as to develop ways to improve employees job performance. Leaders using the transformational leadership model should be able to inspire their followers to aspire for higher collective goals, as well as gives employees feedback, help them be able to be more innovative. Such initiatives are aimed at transforming the employees’ attitudes and beliefs on enhancing their performance (Buil et al., 2019). In support of the literature presented above about transformational leadership style, Wen et al. (2019) concluded that the leadership style is the most effect leadership framework for organizations. They asserted that implementation of the transformational leadership style would advertently improve their employees’ performance, and consequently achieve their organizational vision. Therefore, the literature reviewed herein shows that 1) there is a positive correlation between transformational leadership style and improved employee performance, 2) There is a positive correlation between transactional leadership theory and employee performance. Chapter Summary Leadership is an important factor that promotes increased organizational performance as well as achieves sustainable organizational growth. Contextually, the leadership style adopted by an organization has been shown to have a great influence on employee performance and, in turn, the organizational performance. The literature review also presented a number of employee performance determinants, which can be assessed so as to come up with strategies that will address the issue. For instance, if low employee performance is seen to be based on job dissatisfaction due to conflict between individual goals and organizational goals, the management may consider how to address such as issue as well as give feedback on how they plan to address it. Furthermore, various leadership styles were discussed above, which show that various theories may be used on a situational basis. Nevertheless, the leadership styles vary in terms of the leader’s responsibilities as well as how it is carried out. This shows that some of them are industry specific, for example autocratic leadership style effectively fits the military or police service. Furthermore, various scholars have emphasized on the need to identify the right leadership style that will facilitate sustainable organizational growth. The literature also shows that leadership styles, indeed, affect employee performance. Both transformational leadership style and transactional leadership style were identified as the most effective leadership styles to promote employee job performance. Transformational leadership was seen to entail various elements addressed by bloom’s taxonomy framework to guide leaders as they interact with employees. The aspects are summarized as four compounded criteria that make up the leadership style, namely: individualized consideration, idealized influence, intellectual simulation, and inspirational motivation. Furthermore, transactional leadership style was also concluded as an effective style for improving employee performance. It basic mechanism involves offering rewards in cases of achievement of the set goal, whereas punishment is given to those who fail to meet the target. Nonetheless, transactional leadership style is seen to not support sustainable growth in an organization. Chapter 3: Research Methodology The purpose of this paper is to determine contemporary leadership styles that enhance employee performance. It is important to note that an organization is not limited to one leadership style, but rather adopt a leadership style that will get what needs to be done. Hence, a mixed research methodology was used to meet the research objectives of the study. Both the quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in the study so as to obtain data that encompassed all aspects of the study. Nonetheless, the purpose of this research methodology is to meet the research plan as well as the target set by the research team. According to Schoonenboom & Johnson (2017), the research methodology is used by researchers to show the path by which they formulate the study and objectives, and report their study results from the data collected as they were carrying out the study. This entails validating the study results with regard to the initial research objectives. For emphasis, this section will discuss the study process overview, the research strategy, the relevance of the research design, the primary and secondary data sources, population consideration, and determination of the sample size. The limitations of the research will also be addressed, whereby factors such as cultural diversity will not be explored so as to determine how leadership influences employee performance. Furthermore, the section will break down on the data analysis methods used involving qualitative and quantitative data analysis, the reliability and validity analysis of the collected quantitative data will also be outlined. Eventually, the section will discuss the next steps of the study, whereby this will consist of aspects such as ethical considerations, presentation of the result and its use. Research Design The purpose of the research design is to establish a suitable framework to be applied in the research. Abatubenjeh & Jaradat (2018) assert that the research design enables researchers to decide on the ideal research approach to use because it governs how relevant data for the study will be collected. Nevertheless, the research design process entails various interrelated options. For this study, a mixed type of methods was used. The first phase of this research will comprise of quantitative data collection methods, which will involve an online survey with a sequence of well-structured questionnaires. The questionnaires will be disseminated to a sample made up of representatives of the management and employees through an online survey platform, particularly the SoGoSurvey online platform. The second design phase, on the other hand, will involve qualitative data collection methods. This will consist of an interview that will be carried out on the employees. This will enable the researchers to determine their opinion on how their current leadership style compares to transactional and transformational leadership styles. In the first quantitative data collection approach, a sample made up of five hundred participants, made up of management-level and subordinate employees, will be used to collect information so as to determine how leadership influences employee performance. The participants will represent various departments in a company, and the companies targeted will involve different market sectors, including technological companies, commercial businesses, and restaurants. These market sectors were identified due to their high number of employees as well as different leadership styles are applied in each of them (Oberer & Erkollar, 2018; Oaya, 2017; Needham, 2018). Razak, Sarpan & Ramlan (2018) identified four indicators that can be used to assess employee performance; these include the level of motivation, work discipline, job satisfaction, and employee engagement. The data collected will entail openended questions that will assess the degree to which the current leadership styles used in the selected companies influence employee performance based on these performance metrics. This will enable us to come to the conclusion of probable situations that each leadership style could be adopted to enhance employee performance. The quantitative information collected during the first stage will be further explored through qualitative methods involving an interview with a selected number of participants. Schoonenboom & Johnson (2017) assert that qualitative interviews aid in verifying the data collected through quantitative methods, whereby they assist in further assisting researchers understand the context by which particular opinions were given by respondents. The data collected through the qualitative interviews will verify the information given through the research, as well as collect information deemed as sensitive by leaders and employees. Moreover, the data will be compared to data provided in the quantitative phase of the study concerning the existent leadership styles in comparison to transformational and transactional leadership styles. Procedure Overview The research will entail a number of steps during its execution; the initial step will involve seeking consent on carrying out research in the selected companies. All three companies will encompass prime companies in their respective sectors locally. Consent to use Razak, Sarpan & Ramlan’s (2018) employee performance indicators will not be required since it is offered as a self-determined set of performance measurements. As aforementioned, since the quantitative phase will involve an online survey through SoGoSurvey online platform, a free account will be developed through its online webpage. A presentation will be carried out in the companies, whereby the researchers will explain that the role of the study is to identify how the leadership used in the company compares to transformational and transactional leadership styles, and the potential of using the latter leadership styles will enhance employee performance. Furthermore, the level of anonymity will be plainly summarized and discussed. It is during this step that the need for an interview after the quantitative method will be communicated. Leaders and employees portraying a high resemblance to applying either transactional or transformational leadership styles will be selected for the qualitative interview process. The interview will assess the influence of these leadership styles on employee performance. This interview will offer insight on how the leadership styles are applied, and how employees perceive these types of leaderships. Assumptions and Limitations The initial assumption of the study is that the best-performing companies, in terms of visibility and sales, will give consent to carry out the research in the companies. The scope of the research is how leadership styles influence the performance of employees and how employee performance is reflected through organizational performance. Another assumption is that particular departments within the companies will be using a form of either transactional or transformational leadership style. Moreover, the research assumes that at least five hundred employees from the companies will take part in the initial quantitative survey and that at least three employees from each department will take part in this first step. Nevertheless, the research will be limited to assessing how leadership styles influence employee performance. This will not include other business management concepts, such as talent development or knowledge management. Furthermore, the study will not assess other market-oriented factors, such as customer satisfaction. It should also be noted that the research should be considered as a descriptive instrument based on the four outlined predictors. Furthermore, this research will require further revision and may need further refinement to determine content validity (Razak, Sarpan & Ramlan, 2018). Next Steps So as to simplify conclusions, a larger sample of leaders and employees will need to take part in such research. This means that various companies from a number of industrial centers should be included in such research. Additionally, the suitable conditions for applying either leadership style should be determined so as to enable leaders in the various market sectors and companies to know when to execute them. Furthermore, future research should determine the role of external factors in the leadership style being used and consequently, how they impact employee performance as well as organizational performance. Other research questions to consider for future research involving the relationship between human resource management practices and leadership styles. This is based on the fact that transformational and transactional leadership styles are deeply based on human resource management in an organization. As well, the research could be carried out on whether leadership styles are influenced by the size and performance of an organization. This will enable us to determine how the size of a company influences the leadership style applied in an organization. References Abbas, Q. (2015). Effect of Leadership Development on Employee Performance in Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review 47(2), 269-262. https://doi.org/10.4172/22235833.1000146 Akor, P. U., (2014). Influence of Autocratic Leadership Style on the Job Performance of Academic Librarians in Benue State. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 4(7), pp. 148-152. Al Khajeh, E. (2018). Impact of Leadership Styles on Organizational Performance. Journal of Human Resources Management Research, 2018(2018), doi: 10.5171/2018.687849 Asghar, S., Oino, I. (2018). Leadership Styles and Job Satisfaction. Market Forces: College of Management Sciences, 13(1). Babatunde, O., (2015). The Impact of Leadership Style on Employee’s Performance in an Organization. IISTE, 5(1), pp. 193-206. Banks, G.C., McCauley, K.D., Gardner, W.L., Guler, C.E. (2016), A metaanalytic review of authentic and transformational leadership: A test for redundancy. Leadership Quarterly, 27(4), 634-652. Bassit, A., Sebastian, V., Hassan, Z. (2017). Impact of leadership style on employee performance (a case study on a private organization in malaysia). International Journal of Accounting & Business Management, 5(2),112-130 Buil, I., Martínez, E., & Matute, J. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee performance. The role of identification, engagement and proactive personality, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, 64-75. doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.06.014 Chua, J., Basit, A., Hassan, Z. (2018). Leadership style and its impact on employee performance. International Journal of Accounting & Business Management, 6(1), 8094. Deslie, N. (2015). The Impact of Leadership Style on Employee Performance, 3–49. Hargis, M. B., Watt, J. D., & Piotrowski, C. (2011). Developing Leaders: Examining the Role of Transactional and Transformational Leadership Across Contexts Business. Organization Development Journal 29(3) 51-68-7.2 doi.org/10.1360/zd-2013-43-61064 Doukal, Z. (2018). The Determinants of Employee Performance in Jordanian Organizations. Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting (JEFA), 5(1), 11-17 Ejimabo, N. O., (2015). An approach to understanding leadership decision making in organization. European Scientific Journal, 11(11), pp. 1-24. Gandofli, F., Stone, S. (2018). Leadership, Leadership Styles, and Servant Leadership. Journal of Management Research, 18(4), 261-269. Go, I., Je, O. (2015). Impact of Leadership Style on Organization Performance: A Critical Literature Review. Arabian J Bus Manag Review, 5(5). Iqbal, N., Anwar, S. & Haider, N., (2015). Effect of Leadership Style on Employee Performance. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 5(5), pp. 1-6. Khan, M. S. et al., (2015). The Styles of Leadership: A Critical Review. International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE), 5(3), pp. 87-93 Koech, P. M. & Namusonge, P. G., (2012). The Effect of Leadership Styles on Organizational Performance at State Corporations in Kenya. International Journal of Business and Commerce, 2(1), pp. 1-12. NawoseIng’ollan, D., Roussel, J. (2017). Influence of Leadership Styles on Employees’ Performance: A Study of Turkana County, Kenya. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 8(7), 82-92. Needham, M. (2018). Relationship between Servant Leadership Characteristics and Turnover in Fast-Casual Restaurants (Doctoral Dissertation, Walden University, Minneapolis, MN). Retrieved from: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6306&context=disserta tions Oaya, Z., Obumneke, E. (2017). Dynamics of Leadership Styles and the Management of Small Businesses in Nigeria. Journal of Business and Management, 19(3), 116-125 Oberer, B., Erkollar, A. (2018). Leadership 4.0: Digital Leaders in the Age of Industry 4.0. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 7. 404-412, doi: 10.33844/ijol.2018.60332. Osborne, S., Hammoud, M. (2017). Effective Employee Engagement in the Workplace. International Journal of Applied Management and Technology, 16(1), 50–67 Pawirosumarto, S., Sarjana, P. and Muchtar, M. (2017). Factors affecting employee performance of PT.Kiyokuni Indonesia. International Journal of Law and Management, 59(4), 602-614. doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-03-2016-0031 Pradhan, Rabindra & Jena, Lalatendu. (2016). Employee Performance at Workplace: Conceptual Model and Empirical Validation. Business Perspectives and Research, 5. 1- 17. https:// 10.1177/2278533716671630 Puni, A., Ofei, S. B. & Okoe, A., (2014). The Effect of Leadership Styles on Firm Performance in Ghana. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 6(1), pp. 177-185. Razak, A., Sarpan, S., Ramlan, R. (2018). Effect of Leadership Style, Motivation and Work Discipline on Employee Performance in PT. ABC Makassar. International Review of Management and Marketing, 8(6), 67-71. Ray, S. & Ray, I. A. (2012). Understanding democratic leadership: some key issues and perception with reference to india’s freedom movement. Afro Asian Journal of Social Sciences, 3(1), pp. 1-26. Schoonenboom, J., Johnson, R. B. (2017). How to Construct a Mixed Methods Research Design. Kolner Zeitschrift fur Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 69(Suppl 2), 107– 131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11577-017-0454-1 Shiqian, L. (2018). Factors Affecting the Job Performance of Employees at Work Place in the Higher Education Sector of China. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 8(1), 219-223 Torlak, N.G. & Kuzey, C. (2019). Leadership, job satisfaction and performance links in private education institutes of Pakistan. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 68(2), 276-295. Wen, T., Ho, T., Kelana, B., Othman, R., Syed, O. (2019). Leadership Styles in Influencing Employees’ Job Performances. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(9), 55–65.
Purchase answer to see full attachment
User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

Explanation & Answer

Hello there, have a look at the complete paper. In case of any concern, feel free to alert meThank you

Effective Leadership and Employee
Performance
YAD BAPIR
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
LED 690
04/20/2020

Chapter 1:Introduction


Employee performance is a vital determinant for the success of an
organization.



Leaders are responsible for empowering their employees so as to
facilitate optimal organizational performance.



Leadership either directly, or indirectly, influences employee
performance through corporate governance strategy.



Leadership style determines how leaders and employees coexist
within the organization, hence, influencing their performance.



It focuses on the interaction between leaders and their subordinates.



this research is to determine contemporary leadership styles that
enhance employee performance

Cont’d


The research seeks to determ...


Anonymous
Just what I was looking for! Super helpful.

Studypool
4.7
Trustpilot
4.5
Sitejabber
4.4

Related Tags