CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA Business Plan May-2005 Prepared by: J.B. Schneider & Antonio Turco-Rivas N. Contact Information: Phone: Email: (781) 497-0913 jb@pkolino.com atrn@pkolino.com Address: 600 West Cummings Park Suite 5350 Woburn, MA 01801 For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 1 - The information contained in this document is highly confidential. Except if stated herein, none of the material may be copied, reproduced, distributed, republished, downloaded, displayed, posted or transmitted in any form or by any means, including, but not limited to, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written authorization from P’kolino, LLC. Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 1 MISSION STATEMENT ............................................................................................................................................... 3 2 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 UNDERSTANDING THE PLAYROOM MARKET ................................................................................................................ 3 FURNITURE INDUSTRY HIGHLIGHTS: .......................................................................................................................... 3 TOY INDUSTRY HIGHLIGHTS ..................................................................................................................................... 5 HOW IT ALL COMES TOGETHER (FURNITURE & TOY INDUSTRY)..................................................................................... 7 TRENDS INFLUENCING THE PLAYROOM MARKET ......................................................................................................... 8 PLAYROOM FURNITURE MARKET STRUCTURE AND COMPETITION ............................................................................... 10 3 THE OPPORTUNITY ................................................................................................................................................. 16 4 COMPANY AND PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................ 16 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5 COMPANY AND DESCRIPTION: ................................................................................................................................ 16 THE P’KOLINO CONCEPT ........................................................................................................................................ 17 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: ....................................................................................................................................... 18 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE ..................................................................................................................................... 27 OUR STRATEGY..................................................................................................................................................... 28 MARKETING PLAN ................................................................................................................................................... 30 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 UNDERSTANDING THE CUSTOMER: .......................................................................................................................... 30 TARGET CUSTOMER PROFILE ................................................................................................................................. 31 PRICING STRATEGY ............................................................................................................................................... 32 DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY ....................................................................................................................................... 32 COMMUNICATION STRATEGY – YEAR 1 .................................................................................................................... 33 SALES STRATEGY ................................................................................................................................................. 35 SALES AND MARKETING FORECAST......................................................................................................................... 36 COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY YEARS 2-5 ................................................................................................................ 36 6 THE TEAM ................................................................................................................................................................. 37 7 OPERATIONS............................................................................................................................................................ 38 7.1 7.2 OPERATIONS STRATEGY ........................................................................................................................................ 38 DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE ....................................................................................................................................... 41 8 CRITICAL RISKS....................................................................................................................................................... 42 9 FINANCIAL PLAN (APPEARS IN NEXT CHAPTER) .............................................................................................. 43 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 BASIS OF PRESENTATION: ...................................................................................................................................... 43 INCOME STATEMENT ASSUMPTIONS: - REVENUES -................................................................................................... 43 INCOME STATEMENT ASSUMPTIONS - COST OF SALES- : ........................................................................................... 47 INCOME STATEMENT ASSUMPTIONS – EXPENSES – .................................................................................................. 47 BALANCE SHEET – ASSUMPTION – .......................................................................................................................... 48 FUNDING – ASSUMPTIONS – ................................................................................................................................... 49 CASH FLOW – ASSUMPTION – ................................................................................................................................. 50 BREAKEVEN ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................................... 50 10 ACHIEVEMENTS (NOT INCLUDED IN THIS CASE).............................................................................................. 51 11 APPENDIX (NOT INCLUDED IN THIS CASE) ........................................................................................................ 55 11.1 11.2 11.3 TOYS MARCH UPMARKET .................................................................................................................................... 56 APPENDIX – PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES ...................................................................................................................... 57 PRODUCT PICTURES ........................................................................................................................................... 58 For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 2 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 1 “P’kolino will develop innovative playroom furniture designed for the child to improve play” Mission Statement “P’kolino is a product development and marketing company. Our goal is to improve play at home by developing and marketing innovative playroom furniture designed for the child. Our products will grow and adapt to the child’s stage of development and integrate with toys and activities to encourage and enhance play”. 2 Industry Overview 2.1 Understanding the Playroom Market Four million children are born in the United States each year 1. Thus, at any given time, there are 30 million children ages 8 or younger. This large base fuels the $38 billion children’s toy and furniture market, currently growing at 13% per year (according to the industry trade publication “Playthings”). The playroom market (meaning the area of the house set aside for children’s recreation and play) is part of this pie, and includes elements of both the furniture and the toy industry. “Children’s playroom furniture market is estimated at $1.2 billion, growing at 7% annually for the next five years” P’kolino will compete in the children’s playroom furniture space, estimated to be a $1.2 billion market, growing at 7% annually for the next five years (according to marketresearch.com). However, a playroom is not a playroom without toys. For this reason, P’kolino will develop furniture products and accessories designed to integrate with toys and activities to complete the playroom offering and enhance their play value. Exhibit 2-A The Playroom Market (US$ Billions) $1.2 $38 The dynamics of the playroom market are influenced by both the furniture and toy industry. An overview of each of these industries follows. Toy + Furniture Market Playroom Furniture 2.2 Furniture Industry Highlights Households in the US spend over $24 billion a year on furniture and this figure is expected to grow at 2% per year according to the American Furniture Manufacturer Association (AFMA). The industry has traditionally been highly segmented, but because of lower margins fueled by intense competition from imports, it has started to consolidate. Last year, for example, products manufactured and imported from other countries (especially China) represented 45%2 of total purchases. 1 2 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – www.census.gov Source: US Department of Commerce – www.commerce.gov For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 3 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA Companies competing in this market are: • Furniture Brands International, the largest maker of residential furniture and owner of brands like Henredon, Drexel, and Maitland-Smith (the company has over $2.3 billion in revenues 3). • Lay Z Boy ($1.9 billion in revenues). • Ashley Furniture ($1.7 billion in revenues) • and others; like Ethan Allen and local players. These companies distribute products through a network of furniture centers, independent dealers (specialty retailers), national and local chains, and department stores. “Children’s furniture is the fastest growing segment in the Furniture Industry with 8% growth in 2003” American Home Furnishing Alliance According to the AFMA, children’s furniture generated $4 billion in 2003, 90% related to children’s bedroom furniture sales (cribs, changing tables, etc.) and the remaining 10% or $400 million to children’s tables, chairs, storage and toys. Niche players have dominated this segment of the industry, and according to the American Home Furnishings Alliance (annual publication) it is the fastest growing segment (8% in 2003). We believe the Furniture Industry will continue to face strong competition from foreign manufacturers (selling at lower prices). Local manufacturers will have to invest in technology and compete on quality and speed. In the children’s furniture market, the large companies have been traditionally focused on bedroom furniture. Niche players have been taking over the more specialized products - those requiring expertise in other areas - like child development (i.e. the playroom furniture). Exhibit 2-B Furniture Industry (US$ Billions) $3.6 $24 Furniture Indus try 3 $4 Childrens Bedroom $0.4 Childrens Playroom Source: Hoovers Online – www.hoovers.com For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 4 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 2.3 Toy Industry Highlights The Toy Industry accounted for $34 billion in 20034. On both the manufacturing and retailing side it is a highly concentrated industry. For the past few years it has been growing at 5-9% per year, with almost 60% of the products being imported from other countries 5. According to “Playthings annual report” the Toy industry is highly seasonal with almost 70% of all toy purchases occurring during the Holiday season (Christmas). Exhibit 2-C "Parents have become more aware of the importance of play and education in the early years… educational toys sales are up 9% per year” “Playthings” The “Playthings annual report” for 2003 also The Toy Industry (US$ Billions) stated the main forces driving the industry as follows: • “Educational toys”: after many ups and downs, it seems like American parents have $37 become more aware of the importance of $34 $34 play and education in the early years. This $32 has resulted in sales growth of 9% per year. • “Word of mouth and Brand”: proven ways to 2001 2002 2003 2007 build sales in this industry. • “Technology is king”: almost 39% all of toys sales (in terms of US$) are video games or what they like to call “technology related products”. • “Merchant power”: Mass merchandisers; in particular Wal-Mart (sells 25% of the toys sold every year in America), have taken the industry by storm, lowering prices to consumer but also lowering margins to manufacturer. • “China”: manufacturing has gone overseas Retail sales of toys and games are expected to grow 4.3 percent per year to total $37.8 billion in 20076. New video game technologies and the introduction of next generation systems are expected to be the main driver of growth. With respect to toys the leaders in the industry are Mattel 7($4.9 billion in sales), Hasbro ($3.1 billion), Lego ($1.6 billion), and Leap Frog ($600 million). Sony takes the lead in video games. Regarding the playroom furniture market, some companies like Rubbermaid (using the Little Tykes brand) have developed; role-play toys, ride-on toys, sandboxes, activity gyms and climbers, and plastic juvenile furniture. These products are sold in toy stores (not furniture stores) and have been targeting the price sensitive consumer. Our research indicates that these types of Source: Industry trade publication “Playthings” Source: Industry trade publication “Playthings” 6 Source: Marketreseach.com 7 Source: revenues for Toy industry leaders from Hoovers Online 4 5 For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 5 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA “$800 million in playroom furniture products are sold each year by Toy Industry related companies products carry very low margins (average 5% profit margins8). To compete, companies like Brio, another strong player in this niche, sells low price train tables to encourage parents to buy their higher margins trains (they lose money on the furniture to sell the toy). According to the Marketresearch.com industry report, of the $34 billion, $6 billion accounts for furniture products. However, this number includes car seats, play pens, strollers, etc. For playroom furniture, our research 9 indicates that approximately $800 million is sold each year. Exhibit 2-D Toy Industry (US$ Billions) $ $34 $6 Toy Industry Other Childrens Furniture $0. $800M Childrens Playroom Our research concluded that large toy companies dominate the pricesensitive segment of the playroom furniture market. However for mid and high-end play furniture products, niche manufacturers and retailers like Pottery Barn Kids and Land of Nod have taken the lead. 8 9 Sources: According to 10K fillings for the SEC and/or public financial statements from: Graco, Rubbermaid, Brio and others. Based on Marketresearch.com Industry Report and Sales of top ten manufactures of playroom furniture products For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 6 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 2.4 How it all Comes Together (Furniture & Toy Industry) Furniture meets toys in the playroom; both Industries converge and influence the $1.2 billion market. Exhibit 2-E The Playroom Furniture Market (US$ Billions) Furniture Industry $24billion Toy Industry $34billion Portion considered children's furniture $4billion $6billion Portion considered children's playroom furniture $.4billion $.8billion Industry Size “The Furniture and Toy industry converge in the furniture playroom market” Playroom Furniture Market $1.2b The Playroom furniture market (where P’kolino will compete) has inherited many of the competitive dynamics of its parent industries: • Is growing at an average of 7% annually10 • Is highly seasonal (almost 70% of sales during the Holiday season) • Almost 60% of the products are manufactured abroad11 • For highly price sensitive consumers the market is highly concentrated, but at mid and high-end income levels niche players dominate • Word of mouth and brand are the main drivers of sales . 10 11 Source: Marketresearch.com Industry Report Based on the Management calculations, supported by AFMA information on Furniture Imports For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 7 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 2.5 Trends Influencing the Playroom Market More children are being born: According to the latest statistics from the National Center for Health Statistics, women in the United States are having more children now than at any time in almost 30 years. During most of the 1970s and 1980s, the average birthrate was fewer than two children per woman, today that average has increased to 2.1 children. As a result of this trend, the population of children age 5 and under is expected to grow in 2004, and to experience gradually increasing annual percentage gains through 2010. “...More babies, more disposable income and more spending in children’s furniture are also driving the playroom market” Mom’s with more income and spending more: More women are having babies later in life, when their income tends to be higher and more stable. The birth rates for women in their 30s and older are at their highest level in three decades, up 2%-3% since 1990 for women in their 30s, and up more than 7% for women in their 40s.12 As a result many of them are coming into the toy and furniture markets with higher disposable income than was previously the case. Grandparents are spending more: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, greater longevity and higher disposable income of a growing U.S. population of grandparents is also boosting average per capita spending on home furnishings and toys for young children. There are about 70 million grandparents in the United States today. As a result of divorces and remarriages, many American children have six to eight adults in the “grandparent” role. According to the Research Firm Interep, (supported by Simmons database) grandparents are spending over $60 billion on grandchildren each year. More aware/educated parents: Parents these days are being bombarded by advice from experts about developing children’s mental, physical, and social skills. Parents understand the value play has on this development and look for products to encourage it. In an interview with the trade publication Playthings (May 2002), Susan Oliver, executive director of the non-profit organization Playing for Keeps, explains: “Parents with dollars to spend, typically those who have greater amounts of education, are increasingly aware of the connection between play and healthy development. There has been a lot of media coverage about brain development, with an emphasis on the critical role of a stimulating environment during the first three years of a child’s life.” As long as the market approach is toward kids learning more at a younger age, consumers will pay to get on the higher rung of the educational ladder” 12 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – www.census.gov For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 8 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA New laws: New safety legislation has propelled safer product designs as the industry and the media warn consumers not to use older products that do not meet current safety standards 13. Home remodeling: With new TV shows encouraging makeovers of home spaces, Americans are likely to spend more on home furnishing in 2005. “…The Power of Play program, continues to reach literally millions of people…play has a positive effect on children's overall well-being is instrumental in the child’s development” The Power of Play Campaign: Children appear to be growing up much faster; they look more mature and they know more about the world at younger and younger ages. Child development experts stress that despite appearances, a child is still a child. This message is a major focus of "The Power of Play" program, which continues to reach literally millions of people throughout our nation as a result of the second phase of broadcast and print public service announcements sponsored by the Toy Manufacturer Association. The importance of this message was discovered as a result of a national survey conducted in 1999 on behalf of the American Toy Institute, the industry's charitable and educational foundation, recently renamed the Toy Industry Foundation. Ninety-one percent of the survey participants, made up of parents, teachers and child experts, stated that play has a positive effect on children's overall well-being and was instrumental in the development of a child's imagination, self-confidence, self-esteem, creativity, problemsolving and cooperation. Toys March Up-market: A recent article in the Wall Street Journal (please refer to Appendix 11.1) explained the profit killing price war landscape for toy-making and retailing in the mass market, and highlighted how premium priced toys appear to be outgrowing the simpler less expensive versions. David Shaw, the new owner of the FAO Schwarz retail stores stated “the admittedly small niche is a vibrant marketplace full of customers looking for something different from what’s available at mass retail stores… is a niche that small retailers and catalogs dominate”. A customer commented as she visited one small specialty retailer in New York City “these toys aren’t cheap… but they are really good-quality…I know my kids will love them”. 13 Source: The U.S. Public Interest Research Group For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 9 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 2.6 Playroom Furniture Market Structure and Competition The Playroom Furniture Market has three main segments: mass ($800 million), mid ($300 million) and high-end ($51 million). These segments are derived from a market segmentation based on product quality, price, distribution channel and type of customer. “P’kolino market entry strategy will be to target the High-end segment, a small but profitable spot” High-end segment: P’kolino will enter the playroom furniture market in this segment. This segment refers to exclusive products sold primarily through catalogs, interior-designer depots, trade events, specialty small retailers and direct from the designer/manufacturer. These products are expensive and branded with the designer’s name. Most of these products are usually designed in Italy, Germany, Spain, Netherlands, among others European countries. Buyers are looking for something unique and beautiful. Interior designers are the main promoters in this segment; however, some specialty furniture boutiques have also begun to carry premium furniture for play. Furniture usually takes 6 to 8 weeks for delivery. Exhibit 2-F Playroom Furniture Market (US$ MM) $51 $300 $800 Mass Mid High Customers in this segment are resorting to custom designed playroom solutions using interior designers; some of them even specialized on childspaces. Customers are also buying from product boutiques that sell furniture as well as other children products (e.g. clothing, toys, and accessories). Small independents design firms (e.g. Truck Architecture) generally design the products sold in these stores. These design shops are usually niche players, who specialize in products such as hand painted furniture, or replications of classic styles. Their value to the boutique is the uniqueness of the product; you cannot find them at the mid or mass market stores. To summarize, our main competitors in this market are the interior designers (custom made) and the niche product designers. They are often For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 10 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA small in size with limited reach and resources. According to our research this segment is growing at 9% per year with strong margins of 55% gross/20% net14 . Due to the distinctive characteristics of the High-end segment it is difficult to pinpoint a single market or list of the most prominent competitors. However, we will provide examples of the type of competition P’kolino will face as it enters the high-end segment: 14 • Truck Architecture: is a good example of a design firm. With offices in New York City and a team of 3 designers the company has developed high-end playroom furniture products with a very contemporary style. Truck has been in business since 2000, and sells its products through specialty retail stores, online retailers and in an affiliate web-based store (Offi). Truck founders Jennifer Carpenter, Jonathan Marvel and Rob Rogers have been successful with PR, and have managed to showcase its products in high visibility places like the Museum of Modern Arts (MoMA) Stores in San Francisco and New York. • Casakids – Roberto Gil: Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina and educated at Harvard University, Roberto Gil trained as an architect before delving into furniture design. Gil's lines of children’s furniture are very simple in terms of design and configuration. His products have been sold most recently at the Guggenheim Museum Store, Barney's New York; the Whitney Museum's Store Next Door, FAO Schwarz, SF MoMA, and The Land of Nod. • KidKraft, Inc: Originally formed in 1968 as a manufacturer and supplier to the early-childhood sector, KidKraft began competing in the juvenile retail market in 1996. Today, KidKraft creates a wide array of room furnishings, gifts and toys, including licensed juvenile products. KidKraft (headquarter in Dallas, Texas) competes in other segments of the market as well. Its most recent line of products, hand-painted furniture pieces, is positioned at high-end price points. KidKraft has a strong distribution channel infrastructure for mid and mass market products, and is trying to leverage those channels to enter the high-end segment. Based on primary and secondary research – Interviews with industry experts. For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 11 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA “The mid segment is the sweet spot for P’kolino, with reasonable volume, high margins and less price sensitive customers…is driven by quality and looks, not price.” Mid-Segment: Retailers like Pottery Barn Kids, Bellini, Bombay Kids, Land of Nod and specialty catalogs have become the leaders in this segment. These companies are mainly furniture retail chains with products designed with a more conservative classic look and with better materials. The majority of the pieces are made from wood, normally targeting the family room and the child’s bedroom. Some of the products are multipurpose (e.g. coffee table that is also a train table). Competition in this segment is considered “high” because of the limited number of players. Pottery-Barn, the market leader, is also the style setter for this segment. In contrast to the take-home approach of mass merchandisers, delivery of the product to the end customer usually takes up to 4 weeks. Most of the products are sold by catalog, although Pottery-barn, Bellini and Bombay have all opened physical stores to showcase their children’s product line. Customers in this segment are looking for more exclusive designs and will trust companies like Pottery-Barn Kids, The Land of Nod, and Bellini because of their established reputations for high quality and visually appealing products. The largest threats for these companies are the copycats (e.g., Ikea and Target) as they manufacture very similar products priced 30-40% less. Copy cats successful because the brand defining product attribute - beauty - is easily replicated. According to our research, succeeding in this segment requires a strong brand. Our strategic differentiation in this market will be to offer compelling, customer driven attributes, leveraging the functionality of our products, a grow-with-your-child proposition and furniture integration with toys/activities. For P’kolino the mid-segment is the sweet spot (good margins and healthy volume). According to AFMA the mid-segment is growing at 8% per year and has been enjoying healthy margins of 48% gross and14% net. Key competitors in the Mid-Segment: • Pottery Barn Kids (PBK): A subsidiary of Williams-Sonoma, Inc. is the largest player in this segment with over 87 stores, an online store-front and 4 to 5 catalog issues per year. According to 10k reports revenues are split 50/50 between physical stores and direct channels. PBK competes with quality, design and brand and had revenues over $300 million last year. They entered the playroom furniture market with a number of products targeting the bedroom and family room spaces, as well as some toy like furniture pieces (e.g., kitchen play sets). For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 12 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA In a recent article in the Wall Street Journal15 - “Williams-Sonoma: Seeing a Strong High-End Consumer,” it was reported that: “Furniture sales have increased to about 25% of total company sales from about 17% a year earlier, said Laura Alber, head of the Pottery Barn brand. "It's really a key strategic focus," Alber said. "Furniture seems to be a strong area of growth and one where we're very focused on driving profitability." “The mass segment is highly concentrated, suffers low margins and uses mainstream toy distribution channels” • Bellini: A manufacturer and specialty retail boutique chain that has been around for more than 15 years. They sell high-end European designed children's furniture and accessories. Bellini targets the big spenders with solid-wood juvenile furniture. The company franchises its retail concept and has stores nationwide. Some of its products could be considered high-end, but depending on the franchisee target, the store would more likely than not carry products at prices closer to the mid-segment. They have embraced the grow-with-your-child concept for bedroom furniture, but they are still very classic and basic in terms of their playroom offering. • Land of Nod: The runner-up in terms of playroom furniture in this segment. The online-catalog based juvenile furniture store was recently acquired by Crate and Barrel. They are now in the process of opening stores following the PBK success; however, their business model is different. They sell products designed and manufactured by others. They are competing head to head with PBK in terms of design attributes, style and prices. Mass-Segment: In this segment, furniture market characteristics more resemble those of toys than in the other segments. Together Brio, Imaginarium, Little Tykes and Fisher Price hold up to 58%16 of the market share. Small independents that manufacture furniture products under licensed brands such as Dora the Explorer, Barnie, Barbie, Disney, etc, also hold a solid 20% market share17. This segment can be considered highly concentrated (few players) and price sensitive. Customers in this segment are buying playroom furniture the way they buy toys: at large discount stores (75%) like Wal-Mart, Target, Kmart or large specialized retailers like Toys R Us. Products like play tables and chairs are sold for less than $200. They are made of plastic or composite materials and in many cases branded with cartoon characters. The majority of the products are not designed to 15 Wednesday August 25-2004, WSJ Source: Derived from individual sales from companies financial statements 17 Source: “Playthings” Annual Report 16 For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 13 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA integrate with the toy or activity (toy/furniture integration) and competition seems to be based on price and brand, not on quality or looks. The noticeable exceptions are the train tables and some Lego tables. Brio for example, sells its train table almost at cost, but then makes a profit selling the trains. Distribution and competitive dynamics in this segment mimic those of the toy industry in terms of levels of concentration (few players with large market shares), business cycle (70% of sales occurs during the holidays) 18 and barriers of entry (very low margins – competition based on volume). Most of the participants in this market have been losing money lately. On average, the mass segment margins have been 37% gross, and 5% profit. 19 Some Key Competitors in the Mass-Segment: • Brio: Based in Sweden, but with operations in Europe, Asia and the US. With $1.6B in sales20 the company has complemented its toy offering with some playroom furniture pieces (especially train tables) now representing about 1/3 of total sales. The company has a strong presence in the Nordic countries and has made an effort to penetrate the US market with products priced a little above the market average. Specialty stores and mass merchandisers have been carrying Brio products in small quantities because of its price point. Brio represents the “traditional wood based” products in this segment. High quality products and a reputation for delivering on educational play support its strong brand. • Little Tykes: Subsidiary of Newell Rubbermaid, Little Tykes is the largest manufacturer of plastic based tables and chairs for this segment. With operations all over the world, Little Tykes has positioned its products as safe, durable and low price playroom furniture. Its products are sold in mass merchandise stores and according to the parent company’s financial statements the division has been struggling to maintain profitability because of higher raw material prices (oil based). In July 2004, the company sold its Little Tykes Commercial Play Systems (LTCPS) unit to PlayPower. Little Tykes had 28% gross and -2% profit margins in 2003.21 • Imaginarium: This Spain based company and Toys R Us affiliate since 2001 is the second largest manufacturer of play tables for this market segment. The relationship with Toys R Us guarantees shelf space in the stores to display its products and has even created barriers of entry to other manufacturers in that channel. The “P’kolino will enter the mass-segment once it has penetrated the high and mid segments of the market and developed a strong brand” 18 Source: Toy Industry Association Annual Report Source: Hoovers Online, SEC filings and Annual Reports from Mattel, Hasbro, Lego and LeapFrog 20 Source: Brio Annual Financial Statements 21 Source: Newell Rubbermaid Annual Report, SEC Filling, Hoovers Online 19 For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 14 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA company has positioned its products similar to Brio but with a lower price tag and quality. The company has had a disappointing year in the U.S. according to the Wall Street Journal, but remains a competitor with a strong distribution channel and world-class product development capabilities. The following summarizes the size and structure of the Playroom Furniture Market: Exhibit 2-G The Playroom Furniture Market Summary of Market Segments and Competitive Dynamics The Furniture Playroom Market Market Characteristics Size:$51MM / Growing: 9% High-end segment (entry) Mid segment (sweet spot) Main Distribution Channels: FAO Schwarz, Toy/ furniture Boutiques Interior Designers (custom made) Direct (internet) Size:$300MM/ Growing: 8% Main Distribution Channels: Pottery-barn Kids, Land of Nods Specialty stores + Catalogs Direct (internet) Size:$800MM/ Growing: 7% Mass segment (expansion) Main Distribution Channels: Mass Retailers (Wal-Mart ,Target É ) Toys R Us Specialty stores + Catalogs Direct (internet) Market Dynamics Unknown number of competitors (many) Very diverse distribution channels (there is no predominant channel in this segment) No identifiable market leader High margins, low volumes Competition is based on access to customers and looks WhatÕ s driving the customer Brand / Benefits Word of Mouth Interior Designer Limited number of competitors Dominated by fewcompanies (catalogs + brand stores) Pottery-barn is the market leader Good margins, good volumes Competition is based on Brand and looks Brand / Benefits Word of Mouth Store Display / Catalog Limited number of competitors Dominated by few companies ( Wal-mart, Target and Toys R Us) Brio, Imaginarium, and little tikes are among the market leaders Low margins, High volumes Competition is based on price Brand / licensing characters Advertising Discount prices For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 15 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 3 The Opportunity Play is a child’s work and education; it is how they learn and grow. Parents are more willing to pay for products that encourage or facilitate play as they become more educated about child development and the importance of play. Evidence of this trend is the growing spending on educational toys (growing at 9% for the last three years)22, and playroom furnishings (growing at 7% per year23). P’kolino has identified a powerful opportunity that leverages this trend. “Willingness to pay for products that encourage child development is on the rise.” Through our research we discovered that the basis for play - the play space and its furniture - is in need of improvement. We identified four key areas for improvement: • “The basis for play - the play space and its furniture – is in need of improvement” • • • “Parents want to know the right toy to buy” Existing playroom furniture compromises play because it is designed for miniature adults and not children. Playroom furniture loses its value fast because children quickly outgrow it. One size fits all in playroom furniture simply doesn’t work. The child loses interest in the playroom furniture quickly because it has few applications. Lastly, and probably most obviously, play spaces are cluttered and unorganized. We also discovered that parents are feeling the pressure of wanting to know the right toy to buy, at the right time to effectively support the development of their children. 4 Company and Product Description 4.1 Company and Description: P’kolino, LLC is based in Woburn, MA and is a product design and marketing company. We believe play is an integral part of a child’s healthy development and that current play furniture compromises play. It is our goal to improve the play experience at home. P’kolino currently has 4 product concepts under development through a partnership with the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD). “P’kolino, improving play at home.” 22 According to Parents Magazine and LeapFrog SEC fillings 23 According to marketresearch.com For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 16 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 4.2 The P’kolino Concept P’kolino will address the opportunity in the play space by designing truly innovative play furniture and child development stage specific toy kits. These solutions will have the following characteristics: “P’kolino’s playroom furniture is designed for the child and functional for the parent. It grows and adapt to the child’s stage of development and integrate with toys/activities to encourage and enhance play” 1. We are making play more productive by designing playroom furniture for the ones who use it, the children. Functional. 2. We are increasing the useful life of the furniture by designing it to grow with the child through key stages of development. Multi-purpose. 3. We are maintaining interest in the furniture by increasing its uses. The furniture is designed to be a toy and to transform to different activities. This transformation is made possible by add-on toy kits that change the P’kolino table from activity to activity (for example: from a Lego table to a painting table to a train table and so on). Multi-purpose. 4. We are organizing the play space by designing the toy kits to simply fold-up and store away in a child friendly storage unit. Functional. In addition to these key differentiators P’kolino’s products will be safe, beautiful and fun, as these are necessary attributes to succeed. These solutions also address the challenges parents have of selecting the right toys for the right stage because our toy kits will be packaged for specific stages of child development. The “grow with the child” capabilities of our products will reduce our customers’ total costs of ownership and provide us with opportunities for follow-on sales. Follow-on products will be in the form of developmentally appropriate toy kits, upgrade packages and accessories. For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 17 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 4.3 Product Description P’kolino’s first product line will include two different table designs, a storage unit, and toy kits. Constant product innovation is part of our strategy, and it will be supported with a product development effort in order to expand our current offering and include accessories and new products every year. Initial Product line Table A shows a very contemporary, style driven concept, with plenty of multifunctional (i.e., grow with the child) capabilities resulting from its unique modular design. It is comprised of 7 separate pieces and designed to accommodate at least four stages of the child’s development. This product will be the hub for the toy kits and the foundation of our playroom offering. The product is made of wood, high-density foam and fabric. Note: the following are pictures of prototypes of the Table A; the actual product may be different. They are presented here for the purpose of illustrating the concept . For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 18 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA Prototypes designed at risd for P’kolino Packaging Mode Toddler Mode Designed at risd for P’kolino, LLC Infant Mode Toddler Mode Two table Mode For more information Toddler 1 Mode please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 19 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA Children Interacting with Table “A” For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 20 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA Table B shows a more playful design, with an almost endless array of configurations. This six-piece concept is designed around the belief that children can also play with the furniture itself. Most of the pieces are very light to facilitate child interaction and unit reconfiguration. This unit is intended for the more sophisticated parent, one that is willing to pay more for an exceptional product. This table is made of wood, high-density foam and fabric. Note: the following are pictures of prototypes of Table B; the actual product may be different. They are presented here for the purpose of illustrating the concept Designed at risd for P’kolino, LLC For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 21 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA Prototypes designed at risd for P’kolino Packaging Mode Table Mode Playground Mode Table Mode Playground Mode Table Mode For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 22 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA Children Interacting with Table “B” For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 23 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA The Toy kits: These pieces are the link between the furniture and the toy. They are storage compartments that unfold on top of Table A to change the table top into an activity or toy /play enhancer. The inside of the toy kit will be designed to accommodate the requirements of a specific activity and child stage of development. For example: if we wanted to convert the table into a toddler “Lego” table, the interior of the toy kit will have stage appropriate Lego plates attached; the unit itself will also hold the Lego blocks. When unfolded, it locks on top of Table A, transforming it into a toddler Lego table. When done, simply fold it up and store it in our storage unit. Note: the following are pictures of prototypes of the Toy kits; the actual product may be different. They are presented here for the purpose of illustrating the concept Storage mode Unfolding mode 1 Designed at risd for P’kolino, LLC Unfolding mode 2 Play mode For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 24 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA The Storage Unit: this unit will hold up to 10 toy kits and is designed to fit the design style of Table A. It allows for ease of use and accommodates a child’s height and strength. The unit is made out of wood, but the drawers will be light enough so that children can open them. Note: the following are pictures of prototypes of the storage unit; the actual product may be different. They are presented here for the purpose of illustrating the concept With capabilities of holding Toy kits on top of the piece or in the drawers Storage Unit Designed at risd for P’kolino, LLC For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 25 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA Prototypes designed at risd for P’kolino (See more pictures at the Appendix.) For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 26 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 4.4 Competitive Advantage P’kolino product attributes can be summed up as follows: • “Our key differentiating benefits will be the increased functionality, the improved educational value and the multi-purpose nature of our products” • • • • • Multi-purpose: modifies for changes in activity and grows with children through their stages of development, Functional: designed to better fit how children use the product (i.e. not miniature adult furniture), Educational, Fun, Safe and Beautiful: visually appealing. Exhibit 4-A Key Product Attributes multipurpose functional f m b s beautiful e safe educational f fun (Please refer to Appendix 12.2 for details on the product attributes). Safety, beauty and fun are absolute necessities in this market. They are the attributes that most competitors have and ones that we will build our differentiating attributes on. Our key differentiating benefits will be the increased functionality, the improved educational value and the multipurpose nature of our products. By focusing our product development on these key attributes we will have a clear competitive advantage. Exhibit 4-B Attribute Comparison Chart – P’kolino’s Assessment (rankings: 1 is best in the category, 10 is the worst) Competitors Mkt. Segment Educational Safe Multipurpose Fun Functional Beautiful Pkolino High / Mid 2 3 1 2 1 3 Mass Mass Mass Mass 3 1 4 5 5 2 4 1 2 3 4 6 3 1 4 5 7 6 4 2 7 8 9 10 Pottery Barn Kids Land of Nod Mid Mid 8 7 8 7 5 7 6 7 5 3 1 2 Truck Casa Kids Videl High High High 9 10 6 10 9 6 8 9 10 10 9 8 8 9 10 5 6 4 Brio Fischer Price Imaginarium Little Tykes For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 27 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 4.5 Our Strategy “P’kolino targets the highend segment because customers are market influencers, they value brand over price and offers better margins. P’kolino will later expand to the mid segment” Our strategy is designed to accomplish four key objectives: 1. Develop a strong brand → “owning the play-space at home” 2. Develop a solid customer base → “ loyalty and recurring revenue” 3. Achieve predictable and sustainable growth → “good margins and repeat purchases” 4. Develop a culture of innovation → “capability of generating champion products” Overview: To penetrate the children’s play market we will need to target influential customers and develop a strong brand. From this position we will expand our product line and extend into new markets expanding our customer base. We will maintain long relationships with our customers by offering them development stage appropriate upgrades, toy kits and accessories. This will provide us with recurring and predictable revenue. Market Entry: P’kolino will first target the high-end playroom market because of its favorable characteristics: • it values innovation and brand over price, • its consumers are market influencers, and • it offers the highest margins. We will focus on establishing and building a reputation for high quality products and target consumers that want the best for their children. Through a mix of public relations and grassroots marketing we will establish our products in the high-end market. Concurrently, we will develop toy-kits and accessories that integrate and complement the furniture to deliver a complete play experience. Growth Strategy: Growth in the high-end market is limited due to its size. In order to increase our customer base for sales of additional P’kolino products we will need to expand into the larger mid-market segment. To do this we will leverage our high-end brand reputation and introduce lower cost tables and storage with similar attributes into the larger mid-market. We expect to execute this expansion in our third year of operation. For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 28 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA Exhibit 4-C Market Penetration Strategy PRICE Low High PÕ kolino (1) PÕ kolino (2) Custom made Many Boutiques Small Designers (Truck) Vibel LÕ achitecte Pottery-Barn Kids ATTRIBUTES Land of Nods Bombay Fisher Price Few Bellini Imaginarium Brio Little tikes Licensed (standard) High Mid PÕ kolino Strategy Mass Growth will also be achieved by maintaining long term relationships with our customers to promote repeat purchases of upgrades, accessories and toy kits. Given the targeted age range (0-5 years) of our products and the average of over 2 children per household, a single customer relationship could last over 8 years with multiple sales per year. This will give us a recurring and predictable revenue stream. As we increase our customer base and product line the revenue from these repeat sales will increase dramatically. Exhibit 4-D Number of units sold per type of product 20000 18000 16000 14000 12000 10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Kits Storage Units Tables Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 1313 3851 4814 7618 11027 228 477 824 1169 1533 690 1445 2551 3634 4755 For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 29 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA Given the difficulties of the mass market, which include troubled distribution channels, intense price competition, and price sensitive customers, it is not currently part of our market extension plan. However, we will continue to evaluate it. Should conditions become more favorable, we may consider moving to this segment. Continued product innovation is a key to this market penetration and expansion strategy. To achieve this we will focus internally on creating a culture of innovation through • Proven product research and development methodologies, • Creative work environments and employment arrangements, and • Hiring proven talent that fits our dynamic, innovating culture. 5 Marketing Plan Overview: We will bring this product to the market by targeting customers in the high-end market segment that want the best for their child. We will reach this audience through public relations, grassroots marketing, direct marketing and strategic distribution channels. 5.1 Understanding the Customer Our primary customers will be parents who want the best for their children, and are willing and able to pay a premium for a better product. “Our primary customers will be parents who want the best for their children, and are willing and able to pay a premium for a better product” According to our research, our initial customers will be educated consumers who possess a strong desire to provide the best environment possible for their children to play at home. They are likely to spend a considerable amount of time researching the web for options, and have a strong bias toward friend and family recommendations (word-of-mouth). We also see several key influencers in this purchasing decision, they are: • “Authorities” – Experts in the field of child rearing/development. (e.g., Teachers, Care-givers, Publications). • Children • Grandparents • Peers – Other parents In addition to being influencers Grandparents are also secondary customers. Grandparents are often richer than parents, more involved and For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 30 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA buy large gifts for their grandchildren. The percentage of buyers of relevant children’s products that are grandparents24: • Games and toys 26% • Infants' furniture 21% • Children's furniture 16% There are nearly 60 million grandparents in the U.S. at present and they spend an estimated $30 billion per year on their grandchildren 25. Although grandparents exercise significant purchasing power, they are likely to ask for parent consent before they buy our products; making the parent our core customer. 5.2 Target Customer Profile The demographics of our primary target customer are: • House Hold Income $150K+ * • At least one child 0-5 years old. • Female * • College educated* (or higher) • Live in the Northeast* *These demographics have the highest indexes for infant, toddler and pre-school purchases.26 Additionally these consumers are: • Not price sensitive. • More influenced by the product benefits. • The “concerned” parent, those who genuinely want the best for their child. • Visionaries; they see the benefits and are going to set the trend for others in this segment to follow These parents are in parenting groups such as Mothers Forums and Play Groups, and enroll children in early developmental classes (e.g., Creative Movements). They subscribe to parenting magazines, read parenting books or consult with Child Development/Parenting Experts. As a result, they are influenced by “Authorities” either through reading they have done themselves or by first hand interaction with teachers and care-givers. Other customers segments in this market are the “competitive” and “compensating” parents. They have the same demographic profile but have different interests. They are the followers. The “concerned” educated parent sets the bar and these others follow. 24 Source: Simmons data cited by Interep Source: Simmons data cited by Interep 26 Source: Simmons Market Research Bureau, Fall 2002 Study of Media and Markets; Packaged Facts 25 For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 31 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA As we move down market to the mid-market, the primary customer demographics and behaviors are the same except for the following. • House Hold Income drops to $100K+ • They are influenced by the premium market • Due to increased price sensitivity they are more pragmatic in their purchasing decisions. • They are more likely to do their own research (more shopping around, talking to their friends). Word-of-mouth is very influential in this market. 5.3 Pricing Strategy “Market Entry – High-end pricing strategy will be market-demand pricing” Market Entry – High-end pricing strategy will be market-demand pricing to maximize per sale profit. We anticipate the following price ranges per product: • • • • • Table A = $650 Table B = $1200 Storage Unit = $450 Toy Kit = $50 (average) Providing contribution margins between 50-60% Expansion to the mid market will require a different pricing strategy. Lower table prices (around $350) for better market penetration will increase the user/installed base and provide a larger marketing base for the toy kits and accessories. 5.4 Distribution Strategy “P’kolino’s distribution goal is to have over 85% of sales revenue come from channels direct to the customer” P’kolino’s distribution goal is to have over 85%27 of sales come from direct to the customer channels within five years. We expect that we will have to start with a distribution mix of approximately 65% of our sales through retail. Retail channels will enable customer exposure to, and interaction with, the products. As the understanding of our products grows and the brand develops we will shift the distribution mix to direct channels. Retail Stores: Retailers will be chosen based on their clientele. We will target non-traditional retailers that give P’kolino a “showroom” for its designs. For example, we will target The Museum of Modern Arts (MoMA) store which features uniquely designed and educationally beneficial products as one of our first outlets. This strategy will help us reach the right 27 Other furniture merchants have proven success in direct channels. Land of Nod estimated at nearly 100% sales are direct; through catalog and web. Pottery Barn Kids – direct sales = 72% of its $392 million in revenue. As stated in the 11/18/04 Wall Street Journal “William Sonoma’s, inc Third Quarter 2004 results.” For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 32 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA customer and generate some exposure for our products. To encourage customer interaction with us we will offer a free Toy Kit to those who have purchased a table or storage unit through a retail channel. The customer will redeem the free kit through a direct channel (web or mail) so that we may capture relevant customer data. This customer data is critical to our direct marketing to support our migration of customers to the direct sales channels as well as to encourage future purchases. Direct to the Customer: The goal is to have 85% of our revenue come through direct channels (web, mail and phone). Based on the proven success of other furniture merchants in direct channels (Land of Nod estimated at nearly 100% sales from direct channels like catalogs and the web28, and Pottery Barn Kids direct sales equal 72% of its $392MM in revenue29) we believe this is achievable. The primary direct channel will be through the internet as 70% of our target customers have high-speed internet access. We will also offer mail and phone orders. We will build a website that provides consumers with an easy product review, selection and purchasing experience. Proliferation of high-speed internet access enables us to show the many benefits of our products through the latest multi-media tools (streaming video demonstrations of our products in the form of infomercials through the web). 5.5 Communication Strategy – Year 1 Overview: In the first year our communications strategy will focus on targeted marketing that can be directly attributed to sales. We will try many different tactics to determine what generates the best dollar spent to sales ratio. Additionally, we will build the brand through low cost, guerilla marketing efforts such as pubic relations and grassroots marketing. 28 29 Our estimate based on Land of Nods business model of direct sales and no retail store to date. As stated in the 11/18/04 WSJ’s “William Sonoma’s, inc Third Quarter 2004 results. For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 33 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA Exhibit 5-A Marketing Communications Strategy Marketing Initiative Estimated Estimated Estimated Estimated Total Marketing Cost Table Sales Storage Toy Kit Units Cost/Sale Sales Sales Sold Public Relations $5,000 30 10 57 96 $52 GrassRoots $5,000 80 26 151 257 $19 Word-of-Mouth $5,000 50 17 94 161 $31 Online $25,000 80 26 151 257 $97 Advertising $15,000 50 17 94 161 $93 Direct Marketing $20,000 70 23 132 225 $89 Retail Marketing Exp. $6,000 330 109 622 1061 $6 Total $ 81,000 690 228 1300 2218 $37 Public Relations Public Relations (PR) will be at the center of our communications plan. The first phase of this plan is to utilize the PR potential of cooperation with Babson, the #1 entrepreneurship program in the country, and RISD, the #1 school of design. We have brought together these school’s PR departments and have agreements to promote the story at no cost to us. To that end, we are developing a video documentary of the product design process to be used as a PR asset for the schools and P’kolino. From this PR exposure we intend to interest target market publications (e.g. Parenting Magazine) in P’kolino’s story. The PR effort will be a company priority. Management will make constant and persistent efforts to get new and compelling stories to the media. We will become a source of information for key media authorities and eventually seek product placement opportunities. Management will also seek active relationships with key media personalities to support our brand and products. Grassroots Marketing Grassroots Marketing will be how we get the customers interacting with the product and start the word-of-mouth engine running. We will start this grassroots effort in Boston targeting Mother’s Forums, Play Groups and Day Care Centers (e.g., Bright Horizons). We will expand this effort strategically through major cities in the Northeast. These customers will be driven to the direct channels for purchase. “Word-of-mouth is a powerful medium in this market.” Word-of-Mouth As noted, word-of-mouth is a powerful tool is this market. We will encourage word-of-mouth by identifying key influencers in target markets and seeking to make them advocates of P’kolino products. Additionally, we will seek a child development expert endorsement to add additional For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 34 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA credibility. Word-of-mouth (viral marketing) tools such as referral benefits and e-mail forwarding will also be used. Email and Web The Web (www.pkolino.com) will be a powerful online catalog and direct purchase channel. At pkolino.com we will have product pictures, descriptions and video demonstrations to give customers as near to a physical world shopping experience as possible. The web will also be a means for us to generate awareness through targeted e-mail, keyword search, banner advertising and enhanced web advertising tools (such as rich media and dynamic banners). Retail Sales Marketing Materials Collateral materials such as brochures and point of purchase displays will be necessary to support our sales through retailers. Initially we will have a brochure from the RISD product development process that we can use for early discussions. We will also develop a high quality flyer for the two tables and the storage system (Storage unit and Kit). High-quality brochures and catalogs will be developed for use by retailers and distributed through mail and grassroots marketing campaigns. Advertising Our advertising goal will be to increase awareness of P’kolino in the highend market. Our advertising efforts will focus on media that reach a high concentration of our target customer. The advertising will be primarily in print media because of its ability to show our product for a relatively low cost. These ads will drive customers back to pkolino.com for more information or purchase. Direct Mail In the first year of operation and in preparation for the 2005 Christmas season we will run a direct mail test. This mailing will target high-end customers in the Northeast to keep resources and expenses to a minimum. A successful test would result in about 1+% purchase rate of from mailed brochures. Should this test prove successful we will look to roll-out a larger direct campaign prior to the Christmas season. 5.6 Sales Strategy The founders will serve as the sales force making direct calls to strategically identified retailers. It will be our strategy to focus on a select number of local retailers so the founders can manage these relationship and still focus on other priorities. When we expand into the mid-market (in year 3) we will hire a dedicated sales manager. For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 35 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 5.7 Sales and Marketing Forecast We expect that sales will start slowly as our grassroots efforts and word-ofmouth campaign gain momentum. In the first year we expect to generate revenues of $600K based on table unit sales of 690 units. Most of these sales will be achieved through grassroots marketing efforts, web direct sales and two or three retailers in the Northeast. On average the company will spend $220 marketing dollars per each new customer, and each customer is expected to generate an average of $887 in revenues during the first year. Our expectation is that this number will drop to $451 in average revenue per customer per year as time passes. Exhibit 5-B Marketing Dollars per Customer Customer Base New Customers Customer Base Customer Base Growth Average Sales p/Customer Marketing $ p/ New Customer Marketing $ p/Customer Year 1 690 690 $887 $176 $176 Year 2 1,445 2,135 409% $836 $246 $166 Year 3 Year 4 2,551 4,686 319% $624 $219 $119 Year 5 3,634 8,221 275% $507 $237 $105 4,755 12,856 256% $451 $248 $92 5.8 Communications Strategy Years 2-5 In Year 2 P’kolino’s communications strategy will be similar to Year 1 but with a greater focus on marketing tactics that will give us a broader reach to expand our customer base. It will also differ in that it will introduce tactics to reach existing customers for repeat purchases. We will: • Continue our Public Relations efforts but target more national publications. • Continue our grassroots events and word-of-mouth efforts but expand their scale. • Look more to direct marketing, advertising and the web to increase brand awareness and drive sales. • Begin relationship marketing and efforts to gain repeat sales from existing customers. Year 2 will serve as preparation and learning for expansion into the midmarket where some of the guerilla tactics may still apply but our marketing efforts will have to grow to a new scale. In Years 3-5 we will continue to shift our marketing mix to media that enable us to reach more customers. However, it will be critical to do so in an increasingly targeted manner. Direct marketing (mail and web) will be our primary medium because of its ability to target precise customer segments, For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 36 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA gather marketing and purchase behavior data and enable us to maintain one-to-one communications for an extended customer relationship. With this data we can become increasingly efficient at acquiring and retaining customers and thus reducing our marketing expense per sale. It will also be important for us to maintain some advertising presence to keep brand awareness high in the general market. This awareness is necessary to help the targeted marketing break through the clutter. 6 The Team Antonio Turco-Rivas: co-founder and Sales & Operations Manager is a Babson MBA 2005 and father of one. He has successfully launched two technology ventures in Latin America. Antonio’s background also includes two years as a Corporate Finance consultant for Venezuela’s most important Investment Bank and two years as a special assets Manager at the fifth largest Latin American Bank in the U.S. Antonio is a proven entrepreneur, manager and sales professional. J.B. (Joseph B.) Schneider: co-founder and Marketing & Product Development Manager is a Babson MBA 2005 and father of three, with over 10 years of marketing strategy and communications experience. J.B. has been a project manager and led key customer acquisition and retention programs for several Fortune 500 companies. He has also been an integral part of entrepreneurial ventures and their products and marketing development. Rhode Island School of Design (RISD): RISD’s Furniture Department is ranked #1 by the US News & World Report as the best graduate industrial design program in the world, and is recognized for the creativity and quality of its students. Currently 15 designers and one Faculty member are actively designing the first versions of the P’kolino products. Advisors: Individuals for these roles are currently being evaluated and will be filled at a later date. • Child Development Expert • Manufacturing Expert • Juvenile Product Market Expert For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 37 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 7 Operations 7.1 Operations Strategy P’kolino’s core functions (design and marketing strategy) will be the main operational activities performed in-house. All other operational activities like manufacturing, packaging, shipping and some office/administrative and customer service functions will be outsourced.30 For manufacturing, the company has identified several manufacturers in the Bento Goncalves region in Brazil that are currently operating with underutilized (excess) capacity and have the technology and expertise to manufacture our products. We have partnered with one of these companies to manufacture our first line of products. AFECOM, our first manufacturing partner, produces over 140,000 furniture pieces per year and is well known in Europe and Latin America. Late in the 2 nd year of operations, P’kolino will reexamine this strategy (when volumes increase) and evaluate alternative manufacturing options in Asia. P’kolino products are built with wood, highdensity foam and fabrics. AFECOM’s high density foam manufacturing technology, finishing quality, speed, volume requirements and logistic costs are better and more accommodating to P’kolino during this first stage. The economics of the manufacturing process will be determined by our ability to negotiate with potential manufacturers. For the purpose of this document we will use industry averages 31. For minimum orders of 150 units, the payment terms are 50% up front and 50% on shipment. For the first year of operations we plan to complete two 150 table orders. Production time is 4 weeks for prototypes and 10 weeks to manufacture and order shipment of the approved prototypes.32 Exhibit 7-A Operations Cycle Mfg. receives designs Mfg. develops prototype Production begins Product ready for shipment PÕkolino reviews prototype 1erst- 50% payment (to Mfg.) Time 0 2nd- 50% payment (to Mfg.) Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 18 30 Outsourcing cost for manufacturing, packaging, shipping are included in the Cost of goods sold, based on industry average (AFMA) Sources: AFMA – American Furniture Manufacturing Association 32 Operations Cycle is a 14 week process for existing products, and an 18 week process for new products 31 For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 38 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA Regarding the product development process for P’kolino, it takes 9 to 12 months to develop a new product (from concept to customer33). Exhibit 7-B P’kolino Product Development Process Learn Opportunity Assessment + Planning Concept Development Look Mission Approval Ask Try Level Design Concept + Prototype Review Detail Design Testing and Refinement Critical Design Review Spec. Review Operations Cycle Production Approval Development process and organization Concept development Industrial design Design for manufacturing Prototyping Patents and intellectual property Project development Economics Managing the project Time-line / Milestone check 2 months Stage I 3 months 1 month Stage II 2 weeks Stage III Stage IV 2 weeks Stage V 5 months Stage VI In developing the first product line, the company leveraged its relationship with RISD. For the second generation of products P’kolino will have to assemble a product development team comprised of both full-time employees and collaborators. Marketing and sales will also require additional personal, as will in-house administrative and customer service responsibilities. Our staffing plan follows:34 Based on the current P’kolino product development process. Salaries are based on Boston average salaries for the respective positions according to the Career Journal (Wall Street Journal online edition) salary search (Salaryexpert.com) 33 34 For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 39 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA Exhibit 7-C P’kolino Staffing Plan Staffing Plan Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 1 $40,000 COO 1 $40,000 Product Development Manager 0 $67,000 Product Development Staff 0 $52,000 Operations and Logistics Manager 0 $60,000 Marketing Manager 0 $74,000 Sales Manager 1 $35,000 Sales and Marketing Staff 0 $54,000 Direct Channel Support 0 $60,000 Customer Service Staff 0 $45,000 Office Administration 0 $32,000 Accounting 0 $35,000 Advisors 1 $20,000 1 $70,000 1 $70,000 1 $69,680 1 $54,080 0 $62,400 0 $76,960 1 $70,000 0 $56,160 0 $62,400 0 $46,800 1 $33,280 0 $36,400 1 $31,200 1 $120,000 1 $120,000 1 $72,467 1 $56,243 1 $64,896 1 $80,038 1 $72,800 1 $58,406 1 $64,896 1 $48,672 1 $34,611 1 $37,856 1 $32,448 1 $150,000 1 $130,000 1 $75,366 1 $58,493 1 $67,492 1 $83,240 1 $75,712 2 $60,743 1 $67,492 1 $50,619 1 $35,996 1 $39,370 1 $33,746 1 $220,000 1 $130,000 1 $78,381 1 $60,833 1 $70,192 1 $86,570 1 $78,740 2 $63,172 1 $70,192 1 $52,644 1 $37,435 1 $40,945 1 $35,096 Total Headcount Total Salaries Benefits Total Compensation 7 $398,240 $59,736 $457,976 13 $863,334 $129,500 $992,835 CEO 4 $135,000 $20,250 $155,250 14 14 $989,010 $1,087,371 $148,352 $163,106 $1,137,362 $1,250,476 Benefits are estimated as a percentage of salaries (15%). Eventual hires are considered in the financial statements for the product development, sales, and marketing efforts. For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 40 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 7.2 Development Timeline Exhibit 7-D P’kolino Timeline Month/ Activity M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 M12 M13 M14 M15 M16 M17 M18 M19 M20 M21 M22 M23 Hire child development expert as Advisor Secure Funding Launch RISD/BABSON PR campaing Production 150 tables + strogare + kits Website development Develop Institutional sales Channel Hire Marketing / Tech intern Office relocation Launch Grassroot marketing camping Team focuses on sales Production 160 tables + storage + kits (2nd) Collection efforts Production - 400 tables + storage + kits Hire Product Development Manager Hire Marketing Manager Website Improvements Marketing campaing Production - 500 tables + storage + kits Team focuses on sales Collection efforts For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 41 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 8 Critical Risks • Highly competitive market – All segments of this market are highly competitive, and this is particularly true in the mid and mass segments. P’kolino will compete with a distinctive product and a different value proposition as a niche player. We will establish our brand in the high-end segment and then moving down to more competitive markets. However, the potential remains that competitor will identify our niche, before our brand has a foothold. We will rely on innovation and speed to compete if competitors attack our niche. • Copycats – Intellectual property protection can be circumvented to produce competing and possibly cheaper version of our products. P’kolino will base its designs not only on beauty, but on improved usability to the end user (the child). Designing products that are better suited for children to play with, while creating identifiable differences and defining brand attributes that are more difficult to replicate. • Lawsuits – Although we will take precautions to make our product safe for children it is possible that a child may injure themselves while using one of our products. We will carry product liability insurance to protect us financially from such an event but the potential brand damage must be recognized. • Product defects and/or recall – P’kolino will take precautions to develop durable, reliable and safe products using materials that have proven to stand the test of time. However, it is possible given the expected useful life of these products and the use of children that these products could break creating hazards for children. Should this occur and depending on the situation P’kolino may be obligated or feel it necessary to issue a recall of the defective product. Some manufacturers carry insurance in case the defect is caused by some error during the manufacturing process. We will further explore this possibility. • Sales lower than expected – In case this happens P’kolino will have the capability of adjusting production volume and shifting strategy fairly quickly because of our size and structure. We will also retain sufficient cash to support an increase in the number of inventory days. For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 42 - CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA Business Plan May-2005 Prepared by: J.B. Schneider & Antonio Turco-Rivas N. Contact Information: Phone: Email: (781) 497-0913 jb@pkolino.com atrn@pkolino.com Address: 600 West Cummings Park Suite 5350 Woburn, MA 01801 For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 1 - The information contained in this document is highly confidential. Except if stated herein, none of the material may be copied, reproduced, distributed, republished, downloaded, displayed, posted or transmitted in any form or by any means, including, but not limited to, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written authorization from P’kolino, LLC. Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 1 MISSION STATEMENT ............................................................................................................................................... 3 2 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 UNDERSTANDING THE PLAYROOM MARKET ................................................................................................................ 3 FURNITURE INDUSTRY HIGHLIGHTS: .......................................................................................................................... 3 TOY INDUSTRY HIGHLIGHTS ..................................................................................................................................... 5 HOW IT ALL COMES TOGETHER (FURNITURE & TOY INDUSTRY)..................................................................................... 7 TRENDS INFLUENCING THE PLAYROOM MARKET ......................................................................................................... 8 PLAYROOM FURNITURE MARKET STRUCTURE AND COMPETITION ............................................................................... 10 3 THE OPPORTUNITY ................................................................................................................................................. 16 4 COMPANY AND PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................ 16 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 5 COMPANY AND DESCRIPTION: ................................................................................................................................ 16 THE P’KOLINO CONCEPT ........................................................................................................................................ 17 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION: ....................................................................................................................................... 18 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE ..................................................................................................................................... 27 OUR STRATEGY..................................................................................................................................................... 28 MARKETING PLAN ................................................................................................................................................... 30 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 UNDERSTANDING THE CUSTOMER: .......................................................................................................................... 30 TARGET CUSTOMER PROFILE ................................................................................................................................. 31 PRICING STRATEGY ............................................................................................................................................... 32 DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY ....................................................................................................................................... 32 COMMUNICATION STRATEGY – YEAR 1 .................................................................................................................... 33 SALES STRATEGY ................................................................................................................................................. 35 SALES AND MARKETING FORECAST......................................................................................................................... 36 COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY YEARS 2-5 ................................................................................................................ 36 6 THE TEAM ................................................................................................................................................................. 37 7 OPERATIONS............................................................................................................................................................ 38 7.1 7.2 OPERATIONS STRATEGY ........................................................................................................................................ 38 DEVELOPMENT TIMELINE ....................................................................................................................................... 41 8 CRITICAL RISKS....................................................................................................................................................... 42 9 FINANCIAL PLAN (APPEARS IN NEXT CHAPTER) .............................................................................................. 43 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 BASIS OF PRESENTATION: ...................................................................................................................................... 43 INCOME STATEMENT ASSUMPTIONS: - REVENUES -................................................................................................... 43 INCOME STATEMENT ASSUMPTIONS - COST OF SALES- : ........................................................................................... 47 INCOME STATEMENT ASSUMPTIONS – EXPENSES – .................................................................................................. 47 BALANCE SHEET – ASSUMPTION – .......................................................................................................................... 48 FUNDING – ASSUMPTIONS – ................................................................................................................................... 49 CASH FLOW – ASSUMPTION – ................................................................................................................................. 50 BREAKEVEN ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................................... 50 10 ACHIEVEMENTS (NOT INCLUDED IN THIS CASE).............................................................................................. 51 11 APPENDIX (NOT INCLUDED IN THIS CASE) ........................................................................................................ 55 11.1 11.2 11.3 TOYS MARCH UPMARKET .................................................................................................................................... 56 APPENDIX – PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES ...................................................................................................................... 57 PRODUCT PICTURES ........................................................................................................................................... 58 For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 2 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 1 “P’kolino will develop innovative playroom furniture designed for the child to improve play” Mission Statement “P’kolino is a product development and marketing company. Our goal is to improve play at home by developing and marketing innovative playroom furniture designed for the child. Our products will grow and adapt to the child’s stage of development and integrate with toys and activities to encourage and enhance play”. 2 Industry Overview 2.1 Understanding the Playroom Market Four million children are born in the United States each year 1. Thus, at any given time, there are 30 million children ages 8 or younger. This large base fuels the $38 billion children’s toy and furniture market, currently growing at 13% per year (according to the industry trade publication “Playthings”). The playroom market (meaning the area of the house set aside for children’s recreation and play) is part of this pie, and includes elements of both the furniture and the toy industry. “Children’s playroom furniture market is estimated at $1.2 billion, growing at 7% annually for the next five years” P’kolino will compete in the children’s playroom furniture space, estimated to be a $1.2 billion market, growing at 7% annually for the next five years (according to marketresearch.com). However, a playroom is not a playroom without toys. For this reason, P’kolino will develop furniture products and accessories designed to integrate with toys and activities to complete the playroom offering and enhance their play value. Exhibit 2-A The Playroom Market (US$ Billions) $1.2 $38 The dynamics of the playroom market are influenced by both the furniture and toy industry. An overview of each of these industries follows. Toy + Furniture Market Playroom Furniture 2.2 Furniture Industry Highlights Households in the US spend over $24 billion a year on furniture and this figure is expected to grow at 2% per year according to the American Furniture Manufacturer Association (AFMA). The industry has traditionally been highly segmented, but because of lower margins fueled by intense competition from imports, it has started to consolidate. Last year, for example, products manufactured and imported from other countries (especially China) represented 45%2 of total purchases. 1 2 Source: U.S. Census Bureau – www.census.gov Source: US Department of Commerce – www.commerce.gov For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 3 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA Companies competing in this market are: • Furniture Brands International, the largest maker of residential furniture and owner of brands like Henredon, Drexel, and Maitland-Smith (the company has over $2.3 billion in revenues 3). • Lay Z Boy ($1.9 billion in revenues). • Ashley Furniture ($1.7 billion in revenues) • and others; like Ethan Allen and local players. These companies distribute products through a network of furniture centers, independent dealers (specialty retailers), national and local chains, and department stores. “Children’s furniture is the fastest growing segment in the Furniture Industry with 8% growth in 2003” American Home Furnishing Alliance According to the AFMA, children’s furniture generated $4 billion in 2003, 90% related to children’s bedroom furniture sales (cribs, changing tables, etc.) and the remaining 10% or $400 million to children’s tables, chairs, storage and toys. Niche players have dominated this segment of the industry, and according to the American Home Furnishings Alliance (annual publication) it is the fastest growing segment (8% in 2003). We believe the Furniture Industry will continue to face strong competition from foreign manufacturers (selling at lower prices). Local manufacturers will have to invest in technology and compete on quality and speed. In the children’s furniture market, the large companies have been traditionally focused on bedroom furniture. Niche players have been taking over the more specialized products - those requiring expertise in other areas - like child development (i.e. the playroom furniture). Exhibit 2-B Furniture Industry (US$ Billions) $3.6 $24 Furniture Indus try 3 $4 Childrens Bedroom $0.4 Childrens Playroom Source: Hoovers Online – www.hoovers.com For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 4 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 2.3 Toy Industry Highlights The Toy Industry accounted for $34 billion in 20034. On both the manufacturing and retailing side it is a highly concentrated industry. For the past few years it has been growing at 5-9% per year, with almost 60% of the products being imported from other countries 5. According to “Playthings annual report” the Toy industry is highly seasonal with almost 70% of all toy purchases occurring during the Holiday season (Christmas). Exhibit 2-C "Parents have become more aware of the importance of play and education in the early years… educational toys sales are up 9% per year” “Playthings” The “Playthings annual report” for 2003 also The Toy Industry (US$ Billions) stated the main forces driving the industry as follows: • “Educational toys”: after many ups and downs, it seems like American parents have $37 become more aware of the importance of $34 $34 play and education in the early years. This $32 has resulted in sales growth of 9% per year. • “Word of mouth and Brand”: proven ways to 2001 2002 2003 2007 build sales in this industry. • “Technology is king”: almost 39% all of toys sales (in terms of US$) are video games or what they like to call “technology related products”. • “Merchant power”: Mass merchandisers; in particular Wal-Mart (sells 25% of the toys sold every year in America), have taken the industry by storm, lowering prices to consumer but also lowering margins to manufacturer. • “China”: manufacturing has gone overseas Retail sales of toys and games are expected to grow 4.3 percent per year to total $37.8 billion in 20076. New video game technologies and the introduction of next generation systems are expected to be the main driver of growth. With respect to toys the leaders in the industry are Mattel 7($4.9 billion in sales), Hasbro ($3.1 billion), Lego ($1.6 billion), and Leap Frog ($600 million). Sony takes the lead in video games. Regarding the playroom furniture market, some companies like Rubbermaid (using the Little Tykes brand) have developed; role-play toys, ride-on toys, sandboxes, activity gyms and climbers, and plastic juvenile furniture. These products are sold in toy stores (not furniture stores) and have been targeting the price sensitive consumer. Our research indicates that these types of Source: Industry trade publication “Playthings” Source: Industry trade publication “Playthings” 6 Source: Marketreseach.com 7 Source: revenues for Toy industry leaders from Hoovers Online 4 5 For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 5 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA “$800 million in playroom furniture products are sold each year by Toy Industry related companies products carry very low margins (average 5% profit margins8). To compete, companies like Brio, another strong player in this niche, sells low price train tables to encourage parents to buy their higher margins trains (they lose money on the furniture to sell the toy). According to the Marketresearch.com industry report, of the $34 billion, $6 billion accounts for furniture products. However, this number includes car seats, play pens, strollers, etc. For playroom furniture, our research 9 indicates that approximately $800 million is sold each year. Exhibit 2-D Toy Industry (US$ Billions) $ $34 $6 Toy Industry Other Childrens Furniture $0. $800M Childrens Playroom Our research concluded that large toy companies dominate the pricesensitive segment of the playroom furniture market. However for mid and high-end play furniture products, niche manufacturers and retailers like Pottery Barn Kids and Land of Nod have taken the lead. 8 9 Sources: According to 10K fillings for the SEC and/or public financial statements from: Graco, Rubbermaid, Brio and others. Based on Marketresearch.com Industry Report and Sales of top ten manufactures of playroom furniture products For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 6 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 2.4 How it all Comes Together (Furniture & Toy Industry) Furniture meets toys in the playroom; both Industries converge and influence the $1.2 billion market. Exhibit 2-E The Playroom Furniture Market (US$ Billions) Furniture Industry $24billion Toy Industry $34billion Portion considered children's furniture $4billion $6billion Portion considered children's playroom furniture $.4billion $.8billion Industry Size “The Furniture and Toy industry converge in the furniture playroom market” Playroom Furniture Market $1.2b The Playroom furniture market (where P’kolino will compete) has inherited many of the competitive dynamics of its parent industries: • Is growing at an average of 7% annually10 • Is highly seasonal (almost 70% of sales during the Holiday season) • Almost 60% of the products are manufactured abroad11 • For highly price sensitive consumers the market is highly concentrated, but at mid and high-end income levels niche players dominate • Word of mouth and brand are the main drivers of sales . 10 11 Source: Marketresearch.com Industry Report Based on the Management calculations, supported by AFMA information on Furniture Imports For more information please contact us at info@pkolino.com -Page 7 - Confidential Information Business Plan - Dated May-2005 Woburn, Massachusetts – USA 2.5 Trends Influencing the Playroom Market More children are being born: According to the latest statistics from the National Center for Health Statistics, women in the United States are having more children now than at any time in almost 30 years. During most of the 1970s and 1980s, the average birthrate was fewer than two children per woman, today that average has increased to 2.1 children. As a result of this trend, the population of children age 5 and under is expected to grow in 2004, and to experience gradually increasing annual percentage gains through 2010. “...More babies, more disposable income and more spending in children’s furniture are also driving the playroom market” Mom’s with more income and spending more: More women are having babies later in life, when their income tends to be higher and more stable. The birth rates for women in their 30s and older are at their highest level in three decades, up 2%-3% since 1990 for women in their 30s, and up more than 7% for women in their 40s.12 As a result many of them are coming into the toy and furniture markets with higher disposable income than was previously the case. Grandparents are spending more: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, greater longevity and higher disposable income of a growing U.S. population of grandparents is also boosting average per capita spending on home furnishings and toys for young children. There are about 70 million grandparents in the United States today. As a result of divorces and remarriages, many American c...
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