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LIBERTY HOUSE OF ALBANY GA 1 LIBERTY HOUSE OF ALBANY GA MSA 600 Administrative Research and Report Methods Submitted by: Yolanda Thomas Project Instructor: Dr. Kessler 2 LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA Table of Contents Page Number Chapter 1 Problem Definition 3 Chapter 2 Literature Review 8 Chapter 3 Research Methodology 14 Chapter 4 Data Analysis [Future] Chapter 5 Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations 18 Terminology and Definitions [Future] References 09 Appendix A Permission to Conduct Study Appendix B Transmittal Letter/Survey cover letter/Instructions Appendix C Adult Consent Form Appendix D Survey/Interview Questions 3 LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA Chapter 1 Background Domestic violence does not always involve an act of physical abuse. Domestic violence takes on many forms which includes but not limited to an individual manipulating and controlling the other; this is usually in a cruel or unwarranted way. In a situation whereby an individual uses any means to control another in a way that intimidates and harms the person is considered domestic violence (Saltzman et al. 2002). Saltzman et al. 2002 state Physical abuse refers to when an intimate person uses force to control his partner. Physical abuse can start out as a shove and escalate to violent force such as hitting, biting, kicking and assault with a weapon. Assaults by use of a deadly weapon may include any object used to harm another individual such as household items and automobiles (Martin 2014, p. 337). Statistics of Domestic Violence Domestic violence affects individuals in all socioeconomic backgrounds, and education levels; this may also include races, age, religions, and gender. Domestic violence occurs in intimate relationships of all kinds including married and unmarried, heterosexual and homosexual relationships, as well as dating and previous relationships (Tjaden & Thoennes, 1998). Thoennes et al. states, “95% of reported assaults on spouses or ex-spouses are committed by men Against Women (1998). Martin 2014 states, “325, 000 women get pregnant at the time domestic violence occurs” (p. 336). Domestic violence usually begins with what Martin 2014 calls the ‘honeymoon phase’ (p. 338). The new relationship is ideally defined as fairytale; this is where the partner is particularly complimentary and charming. The abuser is usually very cunning and charming, after the comfort phase sets in he/she becomes very possessive and entitled. LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA 4 Protection Measures In the early 1960’s feminists started shelters for battered women and from those early beginnings, laws against domestic violence started being enacted (Stoever, 2014 p. 1041). Reforms in criminal justice laws built more protective laws against domestic violence (p.1041). Protection orders were implemented to put into place safety for the victims of domestic violence by restricting the abuser access to the victim’s home and work (p. 1042). Protection orders are granted by a judge usually after the petitioner and the abuser appear in court. The judge’s role after hearing both sides is to determine whether violent threat does exist. Sadly, there are domestic violence cases where the petitioner is not granted a protection order due to deficiency in presentation of the case as well as the evidence. In these cases, sometimes the evidence is embellished or even false. However, there are a percentage of cases where the victim fails to convince the court. In most States, protective orders are only valid for a limited duration of time and are subject to review by a judge before it can bereissued (p.1046). Stith (2009) states “To ensure the quality of intervention programs provided to offenders, Roland Maiuro reported that in 2007 more than 90 percent of all States had developed standards for domestic violence offender intervention” (p. 913). These new standards are reflective of the use of group interventions in most states and as it is required of most offenders. Domestic violence protection has changed rapidly over the years, and law enforcement officials are trained to be more responsive and intuitive in situations where the evidence points to domestic violence. Victim’s advocacy programs and support groups provide various levels of assistance in protecting the victim and providing programs designed to treat and reform domestic violence perpetrators. These human service programs are crucial in assisting domestic violence victims with protection as well as facilitation of the healing process. LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA 5 Liberty House Established in 1981, Liberty House is a non-profit agency located in Dougherty County, GA. Liberty House offers full services for victims of domestic violence, their friends, families, and children. This non-profit agency also offers referral information to offenders of domestic violence. It is the agency’s philosophy that domestic violence is not a private concern, but one that needs to be responded to and recognized by the whole community. Domestic violence, besides this, has also long term impacts on the victim which may end up being traumatizing. These influences comprised of stressed family relationships, lack of sleep, sexual dysfunction, dependence on drugs, chronic depression, poverty, chronic pain (Marc H. Bornstein, Michael E. Lamb, 2005). Therefore, it is prudent to say that domestic violence is a vice that ough to be fought agianst as it brings about immorality in our society. Domestic violence takes the society backwards especially in disregard of the society’s expected standards. Follow up measures must be done in order to discourse the domestic’ violence severe effects. Domestic violence victims, first, must learn to exclaim with the purpose of getting support from psychoanalysts. However, the victim, in this case should be understanding and confident with the intention of being in a position to express the emotions. Those domestic violence victims who have been neglected by the community can be assisted by Liberty House to come out in the open from offensive surroundings and start living meaningful lives. The vision of the organization is “to work towards the elimination of domestic violence in our community and service area by providing emergency shelter, advocacy, education, awareness, community resources, and collaboration to ensure that all victims are empowered to achieve self-sufficiency.” (Liberty House, 2016). LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA 6 Research Problem As mentioned above, Liberty House provides services to those who are victims of domestic violence. There are many children and women who continue counseling services after leaving Liberty House. However, a problem has been seen in the recent years. What is it that can be done to make sure that the women after they leave the residence are still getting counseling that they need to keep them from getting back into further destructive relationships? It is very important to define the way that the women are in fact being treated. When they come to Liberty House, they are given access to safe housing, medical attention, group work, and also counseling to help them to find a sense of identity and to get back on their feet again. These are things that are available for both men and women as well as children at this facility. Part of the time there at the facility is to make sure that the victims are aware of what their rights are, however when provided services are no longer at their disposal it is difficult for them to know what they are to do. Research Objectives This research is aimed at finding the factors that are causing the decrease in the number of women and children who continue counseling services after leaving Liberty House along with identifying the actions that can be taken by the staff and volunteers to help increase the number of women who continue therapy session after leaving the site. Scope/Delimitations The study is designed to provide research-based evidence to answer the primary question on what factors causing the decrease in the number of women and children who continue counseling services after leaving Liberty House and what actions can be taken by the staff and volunteers to help increase the number of women who continue therapy session after leaving the LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA 7 site. This research is only focused on Liberty House and will be beneficial for staff and volunteers to find out the solution of the problem. LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA 8 Chapter 2 Literature Review Domestic violence protection has changed rapidly over the years; the law enforcement officials are trained to be more responsive and intuitive in situations where the evidence points to domestic violence. Victim’s advocacy programs and support groups provide various levels of assistance in protecting the victim and providing programs designed to treat and reform domestic violence perpetrators. These human service programs are crucial in assisting domestic violence victims with protection, and special programs to facilitate healing. There are about three-quarters of the feminine inhabitants who have been estimated to be living in rural areas; they happen to be the most vulnerable as they are victimized by their partners. (Belluck,1997) Now Americans are starting to final realize that the facts cause child abuse and domestics violence, which is a dangerous problem in the general public. From an inquiry of court indictments, it is apparent that the substantial number of domestic violence cases have risen. When reading over a recent report, just in one day alone, more than 55,000 women, children and men seek assistance from organizations that offer domestic violence services their communities. Many people are forced to find shelter in temporary housing as a haven of emergency shelter. It is bad enough that over one - quarter of these individuals, 60% are children. There have been more than a 25% increase of crimes that are associated with felonies as well. These are severe crimes related to sexual assaults and domesticated crimes (Survey 2011a). Domestic violence and child abuse organizations participate in a crucial role when assisting injured parties with finding protection from physical and mental situation. For millions of individuals they service as a shelter of hope and trust that otherwise have no means to turn to in such unsafe situations. There is an steady increase in the amount of emergency call to hotlines according to a survey that was recent, for protection and shelter, cases of child abuse, trauma LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA 9 counseling and legal servicing. Unfortunately, several cases are not known about because the victims are either at the shelter, too afraid to report or simply do not know about the resources that are available to them; in this case that perpetrator responsible for the crime is left unpunished. In addition, these victims are associated with unemployment, poverty and other residual issues. Leading to a turmoil; this explains why children and women find themselves in these types of situations which render them helpless. These grievances could be a series of events that extend from fatal conflicts, insignificant cuts: joined with mental issues. If funding and projects are not initiated as they should be, the minority of young aged group and low-income victims are at a higher risk of living dysfunctional lifestyles thus live within intimidating neighborhoods and surroundings. Basically, they are forced to live in physical and mental suffering, putting them in an everlasting cycle of disorder. Lavinia et. al. (2010) describes a study that calculated physiology factors on a person’s predisposition to aggression in intimate relationships. The study looked at physiological reactivity, which is defined as changes to a person’s body brought about by a stimulus. The study found that individuals that are antisocial and violent are more likely to be predisposed to being abusive to their partner. To prove their findings, they found abusive males to interview. The males had to be seriously violent ranging from shoving to weapons. They also must have been abusive six or more times to be included in the study. They also found an equal amount of non-violent partners to interview as well. The experiment involved the participation of not only the males, but the participant’s partner as well. They experiment had the couple talk about two things in which typically provoked discourse. While the conversation was in progress, the researchers measured the both party’s heart rate, pulse transmission to finger, and the amplitude of finger pulse. However, the study did not find any increase in the violent husbands compared to that of non- LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA 10 violent husbands. Nevertheless, the wives of the violent partner exhibited an increase in finger pulse amplitude and finger pulse transit time than that of the non-violent partners. The study suggested that, due to the increase in pulse, wives of abusive husband’s experience heightened feelings of rage, sadness, worry and fear (Lavinia et. al. 2010). This study shows that research does not support that abusive partner’s experience heightened cardiovascular response to discourse compared to that of non-violent partner. In a different study, Shorey et al. (2011) discusses how much genetically predisposition to trait anger plays a role in female aggression towardstheir male partner. In the context of this study, trait anger is defined as the genetic predisposition to respond in anger when placed in situations involving large amounts of stress. The study found that there was indeed a correlation between women that suffered from trait anger and those that were prone to express violence towards their partner. The individuals were asked to give their information such as age, salary, ethnicity, whether or not they were married, and the length of time that they have been in their current relationship. The same participants were then given a test called State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) (Shorey et al. 2011). This was used to review the participant’s trait anger. The women were asked questions about themselves in order to see if they usually feel angry. The questions were answered on a scale from one to four in (one being not at all, and four being very often). The test was proven to be accurate. When examining the results, the researchers found that 58 percent of the women struggle with trait anger. This proves that Shorey’s et al. (2011) prediction about the direct correlation with inherited trait anger to physical and psychological abuse was accurate. This study (Shorey 2011) serves to prove that our genetics and physiological response are involved in how we act. Some people are more prone to violence due to inherited anger. This makes it much more difficult for them to control their inclination to be violent towards the ones LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA 11 they love. This does not make committing crimes by any means acceptable, however it does give law enforcement something to consider when dealing with cases involving domestic violence. Each of these two studies considering the physiological ramifications on behavior have shown that there is more to the criminal than just deviance. For some, it is a part of their born instinct. Alcohol In the criminal justice field, it is universally known that alcohol tends to be a factor in most of the crimes that people commit. McKinney et al. (2012) mentions that there has been a consistent link between the alcohol outlet and domestic violence. One of the largest reasons for intimate partner violence is the abundance of alcohol consumption (McKinney et al. 2012). Testa and colleagues (2011) say that men who drink heavily are at a much higher risk factor to be abusive towards their intimate partner. They say that just one partner using alcohol can significantly increase the likelihood of domestic violence. In a study (Livingston 2010) preformed in Australia, researchers found that 25 percent to 50 percent of all domestic violence cases involved the use of alcohol. This study that suggests that limiting the availability of alcohol would then reduce the amount of domestic violence. This particular experiment incorporates a longitudinal relationship among domestic violence and the amount of alcohol that is available within specific neighborhoods. The study used 186 different postal codes from around Melbourne, Australia. This sample represented around 85 percent of all of the Melbourne population. They examined the alcohol sales from each of those postal codes to see if there was a positive correlation between increased sale of alcohol and an increase in domestic violence. Livingston (2010) collected the data involving domestic violence from the Victorian Police Services. The raw data was taken from the Law Enforcement Assistance Program (LEAP). All of the data is in regards to family incidents between the years 1996-2005. One factor that must remain LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA 12 under the spotlight is that not all cases of domestic violence were reported or responded to by the police. They performed a cross-sectional longitudinal study. The results found that there was a small, yet highly significant positive correlation between the increased sale of alcohol and an increase in domestic violence. Waller and her colleagues (2012) preformed a study that focused on effects of alcohol sales and the rate of domestic violence within a large demographic areas. This study included people involved in an intimate relationship, but not necessarily married. They hypothesized that alcohol use would be directly and indirectly correlated with domestic violence within intimate relationships. The study (Waller et al. 2012) took students from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health which was preformed originally in 2001 to 2002. The sample consisted on 52 middle schools and 80 high schools. They used ordered sampling methods for selection. The study tried to get responses from all students that were originally in Wave III, however the response rate was only around 77.4 percent. They were administered questions via laptops. The study included questions about how often they felt threatened, hit, injured, etc. in the past year by their partner. Once that information was obtained from the participants, the researchers collected the data of alcohol outlets in those individual’s neighborhoods. They also measured the participant’s consumption of alcohol within that previous year. However, after collecting the data, the researchers found no bivariate relationship between the use of alcohol and the likelihood of domestic violence. Although there are many statistics that claim that alcohol affects the like hood of intimate partner violence, we have seen that may not always be the case. Over all, research shows that alcohol consumption increases one’s risk of domestic violence, but as seen in the study conducted by Waller and her colleagues, not all studies come up with that same conclusion. LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA 13 Liberty House Treatments One thing that sets apart Liberty House from many of the other shelters that are out there is the fact that all victims are accepted, this is not just a facility that allows women to come and take part but it is one that allows men who are also victims of domestic violence. One thing that the staff has done is appropriate a very long list of resources that will change the course of the future for the victims when they are admitted. If they have not had access to legal counsel and to support, they will have the access right away from the beginning. Part of the main issue that happens however is that when the victims leave the sanctity of the house, many of them stop getting treatment and may even return to the original situation that took them there. We are going to conduct research over the past 10 years that the shelter has been open so that we are going to be able to see why people are returning to these bad situations and what can be done to educate people about the resources that are available outside of the shelter. 14 LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA Chapter 3 Research Methodology Research Approach . In this chapter, the reasons and the approach that will be used to look at research questions and how they are presented. The objective of the research is to determine why it is that when women leave the sanctuary of Liberty House that they are no longer able to keep up with the therapy and the counseling that they have gotten while they are in the sanctuary of the shelter. The chapter is divided into five sections and completes with a summary. The first section will look at all of the questions that are outlined in chapter 1 and the data that is collected. The second section will look at the approach of the data that is collected. The third section will look and focus on the procedures. The fourth section will look at the proposed approach to answer these questions. The final section will examine the limitations of the methods of research. Data Collection Focus on specific units ought to be key so that a protocol can be developed in facilitation of data collection in cases as sensitive as domestic violence cases. In this case for it be a successful process confidentiality has to be assured to those who are providing the information. Apart from definition and classification of domestic violence, the domestic setting should also be studied; the collected information will shed a light on the type of behaviors that are in the surrounding. Data must be collected all round including the victim, the perpetrator as well as the incident itself. This means that the collected information will be pursued in such a way that it allows deeper analysis of the incident in regard to the victims and the perpetrators characteristics as well as the nature of the violence itself. Based on the objectives of the research, the questions were established. LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA 15 1. What is the reason that women who are a part of domestic violence situation are not able to stay in the counseling that they have been introduced to while they were in the shelter? 2. What could the staff do to encourage women to stay in the resources? 3. What is the reluctance of the women to stay in counseling after they return from their stay in a shelter? 4. What can we learn from past residents that has been their largest issue with continuing counseling? These questions will ensure that the main problems that are outlined in the problem in Chapter 1 are able to be answered. The research and design method will discuss how it is possible to meet this goal. Data to be collected In order to see what the main issues were for women in the past it will be very important to conduct a survey that will allow the women to speak freely. A survey, which will be Appendix A will be shared with 30 women who have left the Liberty House and to look at what their main issues were when they left the shelter. We will look at why it was that they were or were not able to maintain their level of counseling. Of the 30 women that were a part of the survey, 10 of them will be interviewed by phone so that it will be possible to examine what issues these women faced in detail whether the reasons were social, financial, or from another reason. Data Collection Procedures Data collection will begin in late June of 2016. To ensure that the guidelines of the approach are maintained, there will be two instruments that are used. First there will be a questionnaire that will look at the opinions of the effectiveness of the approach that is currently used by the Liberty House. Also this will look at the issues that led to the women not being able LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA 16 to continue counseling when they leave the shelter. The survey will be scored on a 1-5 basis and that will mean that it is possible to make sure that all of the women are able to be measured quantitatively as well as qualitatively. Next an interview will be given that will ensure that the management of Liberty House is able to get a much better perception of the beliefs, the thoughts, and the challenges that are out there regarding the research questions. The interviews will be conducted in a way to make sure that they are able to look at all of the details and they will be able to look at the key data that will be very important. The interviewers will allow for the participants to express the thoughts, the concerns, and the blocks that they encountered as well following the process. The interviewer will take notes to make sure that there is accurate reflection and also that there is consistency with all of the answers. Proposed Approach for Data Analysis There will be qualitative and quantitative data that is used for the interviewing and that means that it will be possible for there to be immediate results available for viewing as they will be able to be analyzed for the effectiveness of the study. Methodological Limitations It is very important to realize that there can be many different kinds of limitations that are a part of many different factors. A few of the issues could come from the sample, the methodology, the presence of bias in the results. This is not a complete random sample; it is a group of people who were chosen for participation. It is important to make sure that in the selection of this group of people that they represent the complete sample of women who are victims and they show the full age range. It is very important as well to make sure that the parameters and the objectives are LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA 17 met, however, it will also have a slight bias in the research because the answers are going to be limited by the objectives. The level of bias is also dependent upon the researchers’ ability to have valuable responses from qualitative interviews. It is also possible that there will be a difference of opinions and different conclusions that simply come from different researchers. That means that it is very important to look at the data and to make sure that it is handled in an objective manner. The sample could be very different depending on who they were sampling. It is very important as well to make sure that it is known that the variance may also come from the bias that has been a part of the researcher. This can happen based on opinions that the researcher is not aware that are a part of the bias. It is important that all of this bias is minimized as much as possible during the process. 18 LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA References Lavinia, P., Sullivan, E., Rosenbaum, A., Wyyngarden, N., Umhau, J., Miller, M., & Taft, C. (2010). Biological correlates of intimate partner violence perpetration. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15(5), 387-398. Liberty House, 2016. Mission and Vision Statement. Retrieved from http://www.libertyhouseofalbany.com/aboutus.html Livingston, M. (2011). A longitudinal analysis of alcohol outlet density and domestic violence. Addiction Research Report, 106, 919-925. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03333.x Martin, M. E. (2014). Introduction to human services: Through the eyes of practice settings (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. ISBN: 9780205848058. Marc H. Bornstein, Michael E. Lamb – 2005. Developmental Science: An Advanced Textbook McKinney, C., Chartier, K., Caetano, R., & Harris, T. (2012). Alcohol availability and neighborhood poverty and their relationship to binge drinking and related problems among drinkers in committed relationships. Journal on Interpersonal Violence, 27(13), 2703-2727. doi: 10.1177/0886260512436396 Shorey, R., Brasfield, H., Jeniimarie, F. & Stuart, G. (2011). The association between impulsivity, trait anger, and the perpetration of intimate partner and general violence among women arrested for domestic violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(13), 2681-2697. doi: : 10.1177/0886260510388289 Stith, S. (2009). Intervention Programs, Domestic Violence. In H. T. Reis & S. Sprecher (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Human Relationships (Vol. 2, pp. 911-915). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA 19 Stoever, J. K. (2014). Enjoining Abuse: The Case for Indefinite Domestic Violence Protection Orders. Vanderbilt Law Review, 67(4), 1015-1098. Tjaden P, Thoennes N. Stalking in America: Findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey. Washington (DC): Department of Justice (US); 1998. Publication No. NCJ 169592. Waller, M., Iritani, B., Christ, S., Clark, H., Moracco, K., Halpern, C., & Flewelling, R. (2011). Relationships among alcohol outlet density, alcohol use, and intimate partner violence victimization among young women in the united states. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(10), 2062-2086. doi: 10.1177/0886260511431435 Weldon, S., & Gilchrist, E. (2012). Implicit theories on intimate partner violence offenders. J Fam Viol, published online. doi: 10.1007/s10896-005-9014-y 20 LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA Appendices Appendix A Permission Letter Appendix B Participant Letter Appendix C Participant Consent Form Appendix D Participant Survey Questions 21 LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA Appendix A Permission letter Date 20th June 2016 Yolanda Thomas Dear Ms. Thomas, I have reviewed your request to conduct a research project involving the Liberty House of Albany, GA and the surveys, interview process that will be used. I feel that this project will be beneficial to House of Liberty Albany GA. You have my permission to distribute the survey and interview the victims for this project. The following stipulations should be observed: the interviews will be conducted during free and personal time, the interviewees will be required to fill a consent form and the results must be submitted to the relevant department in the organization. If you have any questions regarding this letter of approval, please give me a call at 229-4397094. Sincerely, Eric Stone Director Eric Stone 22 LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA Appendix B Date Dear Participant: My name is Yolanda Thomas and I am a graduate student at Central Michigan University. For my final project, I am examining the issues that revolve around domestic violence and the House of Liberty as a shelter for the victims. I am inviting you to participate in this research study by completing the attached survey. The following questionnaire will require approximately 20 minutes to complete. There is no compensation for responding nor is there any known risk. In order to ensure that all information will remain confidential, please do not include your name. Copies of the project will be provided to my Central Michigan University instructor and the House of Liberty Albany GA. If you choose to participate in this project, please answer all questions as honestly as possible and return the completed questionnaires promptly through an email and a sealed envelope. Participation is strictly voluntary and you may refuse to participate at any time. Thank you for taking the time to assist me in my educational endeavors. The data collected will provide useful information regarding domestic violence as a vice in our society and house it can be eliminated once and for all. If you would like a summary copy of this study please complete and detach the Request for Information Form and return it to me in a separate envelope. Completion and return of the questionnaire will indicate your willingness to participate in this study. If you require additional information or have questions, please contact me at the number listed below. Please note that if you are not satisfied with the manner in which this study is being conducted, you may report (anonymously if you so choose) any complaints to the MSA Program by calling 989-774-6525 or addressing a letter to the MSA Program, Rowe 222, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859. Sincerely, Yolanda Thomas Thoma1yl@cmich.edu Dr. Kessler 23 LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA Appendix C Adult Consent Form Study Title: LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA Student’s Yolanda Thomas; MSA Program Instructor’s Dr. Kessler; MSA Program Introductory Statement I am a student in Master of Science in Administration graduate at the CMU conducting a research in fulfillment of my graduation requirements. My study involves an analysis of the issues revolving around domestic violence victim as well as their abusers. Anyone who may have questions regarding this study may come to me directly or reach me through my contact information as provided. What is the purpose of this study? The purpose of this study is to find an answer to why the number of participants who continue counseling after leaving Liberty House decreases. What will I do in this study? I am eligible to participate in this study because I have been an employee at the Liberty house and cases of domestic violence keep escalating. I have also passed through the evaluation system. I will conduct interviews and will have consent forms for the interviewees to sign, for those who don’t mind to being taped. How long will it take me to do this? This study will take a minimum of 15 minutes and a maximum of twenty minutes to conduct the interviews per person. Are there any risks of participating in the study? The risks associated with this study include lack of accurate data to help us come to a perfect conclusion. What are the benefits of participating in the study? Some of the benefits that will be brought about by this study includes changes in how domestic violence victims are handled and how their abusers are punished People who have been victims of domestic violence will be able to speak out and he heard rather than hiding in their agony. They will also be hopeful of favorable outcomes at the end of the case negotiations 24 LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA Will anyone know what I do or say in this study (Confidentiality)? The interviews I will conduct will be confidential. The interviewees will sign confidentiality forms and the information will only be accessed by me and my supervisor, or if the law dictates that I disclose. Will I receive any compensation for participation? Privacy will be one of our priorities and information will not be leaked or disclosed unless of the above specified instances. It is good to note that this study is in the best interests of the public and taping will be done voluntarily; information can only be disclosed without consent if the public interest demands it. Thus compensation will not be effected in case of any disclosure where public interests calls for disclosure. Is there a different way for me to receive this compensation or the benefits of this study? You can receive benefits of this study by vising the Liberty House Albany GA and requesting for their advice. Who can I contact for information about this study? Yolanda Thomas or Dr. Kessler You are free to refuse to participate in this research project or to withdraw your consent and discontinue participation in the project at any time without penalty or loss of benefits to which you are otherwise entitled. Your participation will not affect your relationship with the institution(s) involved in this research project. Please note that if you are not satisfied with the manner in which this study is being conducted, you may report (anonymously if you so choose) any complaints to the MSA Program by calling 989-774-6525 or addressing a letter to the MSA Program, Rowe 222, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859. My signature below indicates that all my questions have been answered. I agree to participate in the project as described above. ______________________________ Signature of Subject __________________ Date Signed A copy of this form has been given to me. _________ Subject’s Initials ______________________________ Signature of Responsible Investigator __________________ Date Signed Appendix D 25 LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA Survey Questions 1. When you left Liberty House you knew where to go to continue to get counseling for free? 2. When you left Liberty House you felt social pressure to not continue to get counseling? 3. When you were at Liberty House you saw real value in the services that you got while there? 4. When you left Liberty House you returned to your former partner who had committed the violence? 5. When you left Liberty House you returned to your former partner because you had children with them? 6. When you left Liberty House you felt like you had a new set of skills and new education about domestic violence that would allow you to get the help you need? 7. Liberty House provided you with continued outpatient assistance after you were no longer in the shelter? 8. Would it be helpful to you to have outpatient services after you left Liberty House? 9. Do you think there should be check ins with former enrollees after they leave? 10. More education in local areas for women can help prevent violence for future generations? Please answer according to the scale below: Strongly Disagree 5 NA Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree 1 2 3 4 [Document title] Dear Participant: Thank you for taking the time to be a part of this study which will help us to see after you left Liberty House what could have been done to provide more support and aid. Please take the time to think about these responses. These are going to be very helpful to us to make sure that we are able to share new solutions with others. How many years ago were you at Liberty House? What is your age? Questions 1. Are you employed full time currently? 2. Are you getting counseling for your past abuse after leaving Liberty House? 3. Were you given resources that allowed you to know how to continue your counseling? 4. Are there the same level of resources available to you outside of Liberty House? 5. Is there a stigma that you feel since you left Liberty House related to getting counseling? 6. What is the biggest issue that you have with getting counseling now? 7. Is the largest issue for getting counseling financial, social, or another factor? 8. How many other women you met in Liberty House do you keep in touch with? 9. Are you continuing to get access to other resources outside of Liberty House? 10. Do you think there is more that could be done to ensure that women have continued help? 26 Personality Testing in the Workplace 1 Chapter 3 Research Methodology Research Approach In this chapter, the methodology that will be used to assess the research questions is presented. The objective of this research is to examine the effectiveness of the personality test with respect to the hiring and promotion of candidates and incumbent employees. This chapter is divided into five sections and a summary. The first section will present the original research questions outlined in Chapter 1 as the data to be collected. The second section will focus on the data collection approach. The third section will focus on the data collection procedures. The fourth section will focus on the proposed approach for data analysis and the final section will focus on the methodological limitations of this research. Data Collection Based on the objectives of the proposed research, the following questions were established: 1. Is there evidence of the effectiveness of personality testing in increasing training efficiency, or reducing the time necessary to train new hires? 2. Is there evidence of a link between personality testing and a reduction of personnel turnover? Specifically, what effect does personality testing have on this variable? 3. Is there evidence that personality testing has an impact on the workplace social environment? Specifically, what effect does it have on morale? 4. In terms of evaluating incumbent employees to promote, what effect does personality testing have on this decision process? Specifically, how does the use of personality testing, in conjunction with the standard methods of historical employee performance, compare to the Personality Testing in the Workplace 2 standard methods of employee performance? In other words, does the addition of personality testing increase promoted employee performance relative to the promotion selection methods without the use of personality testing? These questions will attempt to address the main issues discussed in the statement of the problem in Chapter 1. The research design and methodology that follow will be used in order to meet that goal. Data To Be Collected This research will use qualitative and quantitative methods to address the proposed research questions. This section will review the research design as well as the justification for the use of the mixed methods approach. In order to obtain the relevant and important information needed to answer the proposed research questions, a survey will be sent to 30 professionals (Appendix A). They will be known to work in a capacity that requires them to make decisions regarding initial hires and/or promotion of incumbent employees and whose company uses the NEO-PI R Personality Test as a factor in the selection process. Of those 30 professionals, 10 will be interviewed either in person or via telephone by the researcher (Appendix B). Systematical sampling will be used in selection for interviews by requesting that the companies involved create a list of participants within their organization and selecting every 3rd employee. These interviews will allow the research to better cover the understanding of the experiences and emotions involved and gain a more in depth perspective on the interviewee’s thoughts regarding the research questions. Data Collection Procedures Data collection will begin in the fall of 2008. In order to stay within the guidelines of the mixed methods approach, two instruments will be used. Personality Testing in the Workplace 3 First, a survey questionnaire will be used to assess the participants’ opinions regarding the effectiveness of personality testing with respect to training procedures and increased training efficiency, incumbent employee selection for promotion, employee morale, and personnel turnover. This survey will be based on a 1-to-5 Likert scale so that the responses can be analyzed quantitatively. Second, an interview will be conducted with a smaller sample of managers and/or human resource personnel in order to gain a more thorough understanding of their perceptions, thoughts, and beliefs regarding the research questions. Interviews will be conducted in order to gather additional data and to verify key observations. The interviews will provide participants an opportunity to express their perceptions, concerns, and experiences regarding the personality testing. Notes will be taken during the interview and will be recorded in order to ensure accuracy and consistency. Proposed Approach for Data Analysis The two types of analysis that will be used for this research are the quantitative analyses of the survey responses and the Moustakas (1994) methodology for interview coding, interpretation and analysis. Since the survey responses will be measured by the Likert scale, they will be available immediately for analysis. The means and variances of the quantitatively collected survey data will be calculated and compared in order to answer the research questions. Methodological Limitations The limitations of the proposed research include multiple factors. Those factors include the sample, the methodology, and the possible presence of bias. First, it must be acknowledged that this partly phenomenological inquiry was limited by the sample of individuals who were chosen for participation. This sample was selective as it specifically eliminated managers and Personality Testing in the Workplace 4 human resource personnel who did not have previous experience working in a similar role where a personality test was not used. Second, the proposed study will be limited by the parameters and objectives of the qualitative feature of the mixed methods research. Qualitative research is dependent upon the researcher’s ability to develop the invariant constituents from the qualitative interviews (Moustakas, 1994). It is possible that different researchers will arrive at a different separation of the invariant constituents. Therefore, the findings could be different if written by other researchers. The goal of the methodology adapted by Moustakas (1994) is to arrive at invariant constituents and themes that would be highly likely to be duplicated if the research were revisited by different researchers (Moustakas). Also, the data could be vastly different if sampled from a different population. This separate sampling location or population could prove different results. Care will be taken to minimize the impact of these limitations on the results and findings of the research. Finally, the researcher’s biases may potentially skew the results of the study. The researcher has undergone personality testing on multiple occasions and has had the benefit of a thorough information session from a psychiatrist regarding the results of the testing. A mitigating factor is that the researcher has deliberately focused on the NEO-PI R test, whereas, his personal experience has dealt with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Care will again be taken in order to minimize any further negative effects of this bias. Summary This chapter reviewed the data collection, data collection approach, data collection procedures, data analysis approach, and methodological limitations. The effectiveness of personality testing as a means for candidate selection and incumbent employee promotion will be Personality Testing in the Workplace 5 researched and assessed. The results of the research can add to the literature in a positive manner regardless of the results or answers to the research questions. Practitioners who rely on the use of personality testing can potentially be provided with additional perspectives from the outcome of this research. Personality Testing in the Workplace 6 REFERENCES Barrick, M.; Mount, M. (1991). The Big Five Personality Dimensions and Job Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Personnel Psychology. V44. Barrick, M; Mount, M.; Stewart, G. (1998). Five Factor Model of Personality and Performance in Jobs Involving Interpersonal Interactions. Human Interaction. V11 n2&3 pp. 145-165. Becker, B.; Gerhart, B. (1996). The Impact of Human Resource Management on Organizational Performance: Progress and Prospects. The Academy of Management Journal. V39, n4 pp. 779-801. Block, J. (1995). A Contrarian View of the Five Factor Approach to Personality Description. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. V117 pp. 187-215. Bullock, W.A.; Gilliland, K. (1993). Eysenck’s Arousal Theory of Introversion-Extraversion: A Converging Measures Investigation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. V64 pp. 113-123. Campbell, L.; Simpson, J.A.;Steward, M.; Manning, J. (2003). Putting Personality in Social Context: Extraversion, Emergent Leadership, and the Availability of Rewards. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. V29 pp. 1547-1559. Cooper, M.L.; Agocha, V.B.; Sheldon, M.S. (2000). A Motivational Perspective on Risky Behaviors: The Role of Personality and Affect Regulatory Processes. Journal of Personality. V68 pp. 1059-1088. Digman, J. (1990) Personality Structure: Emergence of the Five Factor Model. Annual Review of Psychology. V41 pp. 417-440. Dilchert, S.; Ones, D.; Viswesvaran, C.; Judge, T. (2007). In Support of Personality Assessment in Organizational Settings. Personnel Psychology. V60 pp. 995-1027. Personality Testing in the Workplace 7 Eysenk, H.J. (1982). Attention and Arousal: Cognition and Performance. Berlin: Springer. Elliot, A.J.; Thrash, T.M. (2002). Approach-Avoidance Motivation in Personality: Approach and Avoidance Temperaments and Goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. V8. Goffin, R.D.; Rothstein, M.G.; Johnston N. G. (1996). Personality Testing and the Assessment Center: Incremental Validity For Managerial Selection. Journal of Applied Psychology. V81 n6 pp. 745-756. Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The Development of Markers for the Big-Five Factor Structures. Psychological Assessment. V4 pp. 26-42. Goleman, D. (1997). Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam. Goodstein, L.; Lanyon, R. (1999). Applications of Personality Assessment to the Workplace: A Review. Journal of Business and Psychology. V13 n3 pp. 291-322. Hogan, R. (1983). A Socioanalytic Theory of Personality. In M.M. Page (Ed.), 1982 Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (pp. 55-89). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Hough, L. (1992). The “Big Five” Personality Variables – Construct Confusion: Description versus Prediction. Human Performance. V5 pp. 139-155. Infante, D.A.; Rancer, A.S. (1982). A Conceptualization and Measure of Argumentativeness. Journal of Personality Assessment. V46 pp.72-80 Kinsbourne, M.; Bemporad, M. (1984). Lateralization of Emotion: A Model and the Evidence. In N.A. Fox and R.J. Davidson (Eds.), The psychology of affective development (pp. 259292). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. McAdams, D.P. (1992). The Five Factor Model In Personality: A Critical Appraisal. Journal of Personality. V60 n2 pp. 329-361. Personality Testing in the Workplace 8 McCrae, R.R.; Costa, P.T. Jr. (1985). Updating Norman’s “Adequate Taxonomy”: Intelligence and Personality Dimensions in Natural Language and in Questionnaires. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. V49 pp. 710-721. McCrae, R.R.; Costa, P.T. Jr. (1987). Validation of the Five-Factor Model of Personality Across Instruments and Observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. V52 pp.81– 90. McCrae, R.R.; Costa, P.T. Jr. (1991). Adding Liebe und Arbeit: The Full Five Factor Model and Well Being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. V17 pp. 227-232. McCrae, R.R.; Costa, P.T. Jr. (1992). Four Ways Five Factors Are Basic. Personality and Individual Differences. V13 pp. 653-665. McDougall, W. (1932). Of the Words Character and Personality. Character Personality. V1 pp. 3-16. Meier, B.P.; Robinson, M.D. (2004). Does Quick to Blame Mean Quick to Anger? The Role of Agreeableness in Dissociating Blame and Anger. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. V30 pp. 856-867. Mills, C.; Hogan, R. (1978). A Role Theoretical Interpretation of Personality Scale Item Responses. Journal of Personality. V 46 n4 pp. 778-785. Morgeson, F; Campion, M; Dipboye, R.; Hollenbeck, J.; Murphy, K.; Schmitt, N. (2007). Reconsidering the Use of Personality Tests in Personnel Selection Contexts. Personnel Psychology. V60 pp. 683-729. Moss, S.A.; Ngu, S. (2006). The Relationship Between Personality and Leadership Preferences. Current Research in Social Psychology. V11 n6 pp. 70-91. Personality Testing in the Workplace Mount, M.; Judge, T.; Heller, D. (2002). Five Factor Model of Personality and Job Satisfaction: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology. V87 n3 pp. 530-541. Ones, D.; Dilchert, S. (2007). In Support of Personality Assessment in Organizational Settings. Personnel Psychology. V60 pp.995-1027. Ones, D.S.;Viswesvaran, C.; Schmidt, F.L. (1993). Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Integrity Test Validities: Findings and Implications for Personnel Selection and Theories of Job Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology. V78 pp. 679-703. Rankin, K. P. et al. (2004). Right and Left Medial Orbitofrontal Volumes Show an Opposite Relationship to Agreeableness in FTD. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, V17 pp. 328-332. Rokeach, M. (1960). The Open and Closed Mind. New York: Basic Books. Rosse, J.G.; Stecher, M.D.; Miller, J.L.; Levin, R.A. (1998). The Impact of Response Distortion on Preemployment Personality Testing and Hiring Decisions. Journal of Applied Psychology. V83 n4 pp. 634-644. Rothbart, M.K.;Ahadi, S.A.; Evans, D.E. (2000). Temperament and Personality: Origins and Outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. V78 pp. 122-135. Schneider, R.J.; Hough, L. (1995). Personality and Industrial Organization Psychology. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. V10 pp. 75-129. Suls, J.; Martin, R.; David, J.P. (1998). Person-Environment Fit and Its Limits: Agreeableness, Neuroticism, and Emotional Reactivity to Interpersonal Conflict. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. V24 pp. 88-98. Tupes, E.C.; Christal, R.E. (1961). Recurrent Personality Factors Based on Trait Ratings. Lackland Air Force Base. US Air Force. 9 Personality Testing in the Workplace 10 Watson, D.; Clark, L.A. (1997). Extraversion and its Positive Emotional Core. In R. Hogan, J. A. Johnson, and Sr. R. Briggs (Eds.). Handbook of Personality Psychology. San Diego CA: Academic Press. Pp. 767-793. Zuckerman, M. (1984). Sensation Seeking: A Comparative Approach to a Human Trait. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. V7 pp. 413-471. Personality Testing in the Workplace 11 Survey Questions Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree 1. Personality testing effective is in the workplace? 1 2 3 4 5 NA 2. My current organization is more effective than previous organizations because we use personality testing. 1 2 3 4 5 NA 3. I would place more emphasis on personality testing if I could. 1 2 3 4 5 NA 4. Employees who have been tested assimilate into their jobs better. 1 2 3 4 5 NA 5. Employees who have been tested seem to perform better in job specific training. 1 2 3 4 5 NA 6. Employees who have been tested seem to come to their jobs better prepared. 1 2 3 4 5 NA 7. Managers should consider personality testing when evaluating employees to promote. 1 2 3 4 5 NA 8. Managers who have been tested seem to be better bosses. 1 2 3 4 5 NA 9. If I were identified as not being a fit for promotion based on a personality test, then I should be passed over for the good of the section. 1 2 3 4 5 NA 10. I have high moral. 1 2 3 4 5 NA 11. Personality testing is a key component to my moral level. 1 2 3 4 5 NA 12. My close co-workers and I seem to get along better because personality testing has helped place the right people in those positions. 1 2 3 4 5 NA Please comment on any questions that you answered as a “1” or “5” Personality Testing in the Workplace 10 Dear Participant: Thank you for participating in this important survey. You answers will assist current and future managers to make informed decisions regarding your organizations hiring process. The purpose of this survey is to collect information regarding the use of personality tests in hiring new employees and promoting incumbent employees. This information will be a key component in assessing the effectiveness of using the personality test. The individual data collected from these surveys will remain strictly confidential. No one from your organization will see any answers associated with your personal demographic or personal data. Once all of the surveys are collected, the researcher will compile the results, ensure there is no identifying data and make them available to all participants. The survey consists of 12 questions that focus around key workplace competencies and should not take more than 10 minutes. The test will ask to what level you agree or disagree with a statement and if for some reason you cannot answer a question, simply circle “NA.” The survey will ask you to write in comments for any question that elicits a strong response. Lastly, please complete the demographic information at the bottom of this page. Thank you in advance for your participation and if you have any questions, please contact me at the numbers given below. Jason A. Henderson Central Michigan University Masters of Science in Administration Candidate Phone number Sex ______________ Years employed 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 more than 20 Years with a company that uses personality testing. 1-3 4-6 7-10 11-14 more than 14 Number of employees supervised 1-3 4-7 7-10 11-14 more than 14 Personality Testing in the Workplace 11 Interview Questions 1. Do you think personality testing is effective in evaluating potential hires and incumbent employees for promotion? 2. How much experience do you have with personality testing in the workplace? 3. Compare your managerial experience with your current organization and any organizations you work with previously that did not use the testing. 4. Are there any areas of personality testing in the workplace you think are missing? 5. What is your knowledge of the arguments against using personality testing?
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LIBERTY HOUSE OF ALBANY GA

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LIBERTY HOUSE OF ALBANY GA

MSA 600 Administrative Research and Report Methods

Submitted by:
Yolanda Thomas

Project Instructor:
Dr. Kessler

2

LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA
Table of Contents

Page Number
Chapter 1

Problem Definition

3

Chapter 2

Literature Review

8

Chapter 3

Research Methodology

14

Chapter 4

Data Analysis

[Future]

Chapter 5

Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations

18

Terminology and Definitions

[Future]

References

09

Appendix A

Permission to Conduct Study

Appendix B

Transmittal Letter/Survey cover letter/Instructions

Appendix C

Adult Consent Form

Appendix D

Survey/Interview Questions

3

LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA
Chapter 1
Background

Domestic violence does not always involve an act of physical abuse. Domestic violence
takes on many forms which includes but not limited to an individual manipulating and
controlling the other; this is usually in a cruel or unwarranted way. In a situation whereby an
individual uses any means to control another in a way that intimidates and harms the person is
considered domestic violence (Saltzman et al. 2002). Saltzman et al. 2002 state Physical abuse
refers to when an intimate person uses force to control his partner. Physical abuse can start out as
a shove and escalate to violent force such as hitting, biting, kicking and assault with a weapon.
Assaults by use of a deadly weapon may include any object used to harm another individual such
as household items and automobiles (Martin 2014, p. 337).
Statistics of Domestic Violence
Domestic violence affects individuals in all socioeconomic backgrounds, and education
levels; this may also include races, age, religions, and gender. Domestic violence occurs in
intimate relationships of all kinds including married and unmarried, heterosexual and
homosexual relationships, as well as dating and previous relationships (Tjaden&Thoennes,
1998). Thoennes et al. states, “95% of reported assaults on spouses or ex-spouses are committed
by men Against Women (1998). Martin 2014 states, “325, 000 women get pregnant at the time
domestic violence occurs” (p. 336). Domestic violence usually begins with what Martin 2014
calls the ‘honeymoon phase’ (p. 338). The new relationship is ideally defined as fairytale; this is
where the partner is particularly complimentary and charming. The abuser is usually very
cunning and charming, after the comfort phase sets in he/she becomes very possessive and
entitled.

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Protection Measures
In the early 1960’s feminists started shelters for battered women and from those early
beginnings, laws against domestic violence started being enacted (Stoever, 2014 p. 1041).
Reforms in criminal justice laws built more protective laws against domestic violence (p.1041).
Protection orders were implemented to put into place safety for the victims of domestic violence
by restricting the abuser access to the victim’s home and work (p. 1042). Protection orders are
granted by a judge usually after the petitioner and the abuser appear in court. The judge’s role
after hearing both sides is to determine whether violent threat does exist. Sadly, there are
domestic violence cases where the petitioner is not granted a protection order due to deficiency
in presentation of the case as well as the evidence.
In these cases, sometimes the evidence is embellished or even false. However, there are a
percentage of cases where the victim fails to convince the court. In most States, protective orders
are only valid for a limited duration of time and are subject to review by a judge before it can
bere-issued (p.1046). Stith (2009) states “To ensure the quality of intervention programs
provided to offenders, Roland Maiuro reported that in 2007 more than 90 percent of all States
had developed standards for domestic violence offender intervention” (p. 913). These new
standards are reflective of the use of group interventions in most states and as it is required of
most offenders.
Domestic violence protection has changed rapidly over the years, and law enforcement
officials are trained to be more responsive and intuitive in situations where the evidence points to
domestic violence. Victim’s advocacy programs and support groups provide various levels of
assistance in protecting the victim and providing programs designed to treat and reform domestic

LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA

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violence perpetrators. These human service programs are crucial in assisting domestic violence
victims with protection as well as facilitation of the healing process.

Liberty House
Established in 1981, Liberty House is a non-profit agency located in Dougherty County,
GA. Liberty House offers full services for victims of domestic violence, their friends, families,
and children. This non-profit agency also offers referral information to offenders of domestic
violence. It is the agency’s philosophy that domestic violence is not a private concern, but one
that needs to be responded to and recognized by the whole community. Domestic violence,
besides this, has also long term impacts on the victim which may end up being traumatizing.
These influences comprised of stressed family relationships, lack of sleep, sexual dysfunction,
dependence on drugs, chronic depression, poverty, chronic pain (Marc H. Bornstein, Michael E.
Lamb, 2005). Therefore, it is prudent to say that domestic violence is a vice that ough to be
fought agianst as it brings about immorality in our society.
Domestic violence takes the society backwards especially in disregard of the society’s
expected standards. Follow up measures must be done in order to discourse the domestic’
violence severe effects. Domestic violence victims, first, must learn to exclaim with the purpose
of getting support from psychoanalysts. However, the victim, in this case should be
understanding and confident with the intention of being in a position to express the emotions.
Those domestic violence victims who have been neglected by the community can be assisted by
Liberty House to come out in the open from offensive surroundings and start living meaningful
lives. The vision of the organization is “to work towards the elimination of domestic violence in
our community and service area by providing emergency shelter, advocacy, education,

LIBERTY HOUSE ALBANY GA

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awareness, community resources, and collaboration to ensure that all victims are empowered to
achieve self-sufficiency.” (Liberty House, 2016).
Research Problem
As mentioned above, Liberty House provides services to those who are victims of
domestic violence. There are many children and women who continue counseling services after
leaving Liberty House. However, a problem has been seen in the recent years. What is it that can
be done to make sure that the women after they leave the residence are still getting counseling
that they need to keep them from getting back into further destructive relationships?
It is very important to define the way that the women are in fact being treated. When they
come to Liberty House, they are given access to safe housing, medical attention, group work, and
also counseling to help them to find a sense of identity and to get back on their feet again. These
are things that are available for both men and women as well as children at this facility. Part of
the time there at the facility is to make sure that the victims are aware of what their rights are,
however when provided services are no longer at their disposal it is difficult for them to know
what they are to do.
Research Objectives
This research is aimed at finding the factors that are causing the decrease in the number
of women and children who continue counseling services after leaving Liberty House along with
identifying the actions that can be taken by the staff and volunteers t...


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