Running head: JOURNAL ENTRIES 1 Journal entries Student`s name Institutional Affiliation 2 JOURNAL ENTRIES Journal entries 1. Musculoskeletal It took time to understand deeply what is Musculoskeletal is all about until when I came across an article explaining that musculoskeletal is the disorder in the human being that mostly affects skeletal parts of the body by having pain or injuries on affected parts, and parts affected are like tendons, nerves, joints parts, muscles, rib joints, and ligaments. It was my surprise to understand that musculoskeletal disorders are of different types in the human body, where we have disorders like tension neck syndrome, thoracic outlet compression, tendon strains, carpal tunnel syndrome, and ligaments sprain. According to me, I knew that no existence of such disorder in human beings' body but after I reading the article I realized that everything on earth nothing impossible. I could not believe only reading the article about musculoskeletal but I went further to consult from a doctor I knew and she confirmed to me that there are cases of musculoskeletal disorders in real life. She (doctor) explained to me more saying that one day in the hospital she had a patient with musculoskeletal disorder case and disorder was thoracic outlet compression. However, baby disordered was experiencing a lot of pain in the joints structure of the ribs. The whole story of musculoskeletal disorder challenged my knowledge capacity because I was not imagining such disorder to exist in human being but I believed it can. However, I did not stop my research on musculoskeletal disorder I kept researching more information about it because the story inspired me so much. It became my habit to keep doing research whenever I came across the reading material that gives me more knowledge about the musculoskeletal disorder. My further research on the musculoskeletal disorder, I kept researching what causes such disorder in human being and I came to realize that there are specific causes of disorders in the JOURNAL ENTRIES 3 human body such as auto accidents, falls direct blow to muscle, sprains, fractures, and dislocation of body. Although there are other causes such as overuse of the body part, repetitive movements and so on. As from there, I got my knowledge to tell my friends about the musculoskeletal disorder, what is it and what its causes are. Although according to the knowledge I acquired about musculoskeletal disorders and its causes I got scared and started avoiding such activities that can lead me to have such disorder in my life. Word count: 404 2: Disabilities According to the knowledge I have acquired from the articles I have read is that disability is a mental condition that limits someone to move or to sense something or to limit him or her from doing activities. Also, the article has enabled me to know that there are many types of disabilities in human beings such as spinal cord disability where one cannot be able to stand upright because of the spinal cord or some of the body parts are not functioning well. Also, we have a vision disability where one cannot see by his or her eyes. Thirdly we have a hearing disability where one cannot hear what other people are saying unless he or she uses body language to communicate. Fourth, we have mobility and physical impairments where one cannot afford to move from one place to another by use of his or her legs. However, by reading many articles explaining disability is that disability can be a disease in the human being that can affect him or her when you are fully grown up. Disease disability can be caused by your habit of food eating, through that you can acquire disability diseases in your long term life such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and arthritis disease. These diseases are termed as disorders because once affected can take the rest of your life. Before I had a wrong understanding of what disability is until I read an article called "disability is not inability" this is JOURNAL ENTRIES 4 the time when I realized that disability is of many types. You may see a person physically is a complete man and you may think that is not disabled because you can see he or she has all parts of a human being but you are wrong disability can mentally, body disease and not only physically. However for me to understand that it was a big challenge to me because I used to say a disabled person is who cannot walk by his or her leg, a person who cannot see or any person has no complete parts of the body. Disability story chocked me because a person may be born disable or able but in his or her lifetime may become a disabled person, life is life and you cannot protect fully from disability in your life span. This story of disability inspired me so much because whenever I come across a disabled person I normally help him or she since I know disability does not occur because of our willingness and any time you can be disabled even at any age. Word Count: 430 3: Aging Aging is well known, that once a human being is born he or she must get old as time continues to elapse. However, human beings getting old you cannot stop it in whichever the means one has to older than he or she was before. Therefore, when a person becomes so much aged he or she developed some problems like Dementia this is the disease which has effects like the decline of memory, loss of thinking skills, problem-solving and also language-speaking problems. This dementia disease makes an aged person not perform everyday activities he or she used to do well was young. However, when someone gets old he or she develops a depression problem by having mental health problem such as low moods towards something or loss of interest to perform some activities used to perform well when was young. JOURNAL ENTRIES 5 According to the knowledge I have acquired from reading the articles is that there is causes of depression such as arthritis, heart disease and also an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain which are the one causes low moods and loss of interest in aged people. However, as person becomes old, he or she losses energy to work for him to acquire food and to save something to use tomorrow. According to many article's stories I have read about aged people who are in poverty situations because they lack the energy to feed for themselves. Also, aged people are very abusive in the most time and you may have enough evidence if you spent a month or a year with the aged person you can tell us who the abusive person is. The reason for these abusive people is because they believe that they have the right to control and restrict other behavior but sometime it might be due to age that has led to a lack of memory control. This story of aged people has helped me so much in my life because I will be able to stay with aged people such as my grandparents with all the above characters, knowing that even if they behave how-to, it is just because of their age disturbing them. Also, I have acquired very important knowledge that is about aged people and me and in explaining, this is something to share with my friends as well as parents by educating them about the problem with aged people and how to stay with them. Word Count: 403 4: Violence According to the articles of violence, I have read explain violence is a strong emotional feeling that causes damage and destruction of something, sometime we call it a physical forces behavior of someone to cause harm or hurt one another. Violence is in many types which include sexual violence, parent violence, youth violence, intimate partner violence and finally suicide violence which is very fatal violence among others. Let's talk about self-harm violence, which is JOURNAL ENTRIES 6 the behavior of a person to harm himself. This self-harm is very dangerous to the personal body because he or she may harm his body tissues leading to death. Also, we have interpersonal violence, this is the intentional use of physical forces to threaten another`s life, which may result in serious injury or even death. The main cause of interpersonal violence is a social disturbance, political difference, and judicial injustice. Interpersonal violence is very common and most time we have seen it how it is because society may have it and also you may have heard it in different countries due to political differences. The occurrence of this interpersonal violence may cause a great am to people because it may a large group of people at the same time. Also, we have collective violence which involves many people responding to a common stimulus. In most cases, it occurs as terrorism, coups, and rebellions and as a revolution in a country. For example, we have collective violence in Haymarket riot by the thure de thulstrup on May 15, 1886. This riot was so violent because many people got injured and others lose their life. According to me, am so scared to involve in the violent event because I have evidence of what goes on and the effects it has, generally violence is not good at all. When you see it, see danger ahead of you because when you involve in such violence just know that any time you may lose your life and possess another name "late" in front of your initial name!!! Also, violence story has educated me to know that there if causes of violence to a person or a group of people. In case of an individual having violence, it might be biological factors that lead him or her to involve in violent activities and case of group violence, it might be caused by social agendas or hate committed by the organization group. Violence groups may result in the cases of having a terrorist group attacking one another. Word Count: 414 5: Migrant health JOURNAL ENTRIES 7 Health is very important to a human being because having good health in your body you are comfortable and you can work to feed yourself and the family but being unwell nothing you can do to earn your living. Therefore, health is very important to everybody if even you are a migrant, refugee and so on, health should be provided to everyone regardless of nationality. A natural disaster is also another problem affecting every country regardless of how economically is stable. This is because natural disaster occurs naturally without human being interference and disaster does not choose where to occur so is very difficult to avoid it. These natural disasters might be floods, earthquake hurricane winds that cause very great damage or loss of life when occurs. Human trafficking is a business trade of human beings with the purpose of sexual slavery, labor purpose and also commercial sexual exploitation by the traffickers. Human trafficking is not good at all and that practice is against human rights. According to my research, I have confirmed the reason why people may tend to involve themselves in trafficking deals is because of political factors, social differences, and economic problems. also, discrimination issues have been common in today`s life, which is injustice treatment of one another because of his or her race, cultural background gender and so on. For example, there is discrimination of genders in women when it comes to employment. Most people do not prepare to employ women because of their perspective that women cannot perform some duties. However, there is discrimination due to disability where some people are rejected in society due to their disability. Racism is also discrimination is where people are discriminated against because of the race of someone is. According to me, all the above issues are past time and nowadays discrimination is not helping at all, we should avoid it at all costs and interact with others regardless of their race, cultural background, refugee or migrant. Also, I prepare to have JOURNAL ENTRIES 8 healthcare services for everybody and also law to be introduced to enforce people who involve themselves with human trafficking because it is not right is against. Furthermore, any country involves itself with the above activities such as discrimination of other people and also fails to provide health services to both citizens, migrants and refugees had up poor countries since people do not like it. And through that, it cannot grow economically. Word count: 404 6: Injuries Injury is kind of someone getting damage in the body parts or damage to someone`s feelings. Injuries in most times may occur due to road accidents, fighting or falling, all these activities may cause someone to get serious injuries in his or her body. Someone by getting injured externally or internally into his body. Where most external injury causes loss of blood since injury most times exposes open wound leading to excessive bleeding and may lead to death if bleeding exceeds normal bleeding. There are many injuries categories such as traffic injury, fire injury, drowning and poisoning injury. All these are kind of injuries and am going to give details one by one, that traffic injury occurs when a vehicle that is moving along a roadway collides with another vehicle or with an object however when someone runs a red light and hit a car going in the other direction it also a traffic accident. Poisoning injury is a common cause in most countries like the United States of America and other countries. This is due to the result of drug usage and also ignorance or carelessness of following the instruction given. Poisoning injury may cause by someone intending to kill one another because of their opinion difference. However, this poisoning difference is common in most countries and has resulted in the loss of people`s life because some people use it as a revenge weapon to kill others. JOURNAL ENTRIES 9 Furthermore, I have come across fire injuries in my life, and fire injury is very common more in young children who do not know how to handle fire. For example, one day I visited my cousin in the hospital who had a fire injury. Cousin was in a ward of people with fire injuries. When entered into ward my cousin was, what I saw I did believe my eyes, a child covered by wound every part of the body. It was a shock to me; even the ward was full of children with cases of fire injuries. From that day I learned that fire is very dangerous and can kill or destroy someone's physical appearance completely. So I always keep myself far away from the cases of fire because apart from injury it can kill someone. Also, fire is very bad, it can even burn my house and this means it will burn everything that is in the house including my school certificates and everything. Word Count: 404 7: Climate change and environment Climate change is a gradual change of place in a given time; it is mostly referred to as abnormal variations to the climate of a given place which results due to the effects of variations on other parts of the Earth. According to the articles I have read about climate change and the environment is that climate change occurs due to Accumulation in the atmosphere of greenhouse gases, burning carbon gases which affect the ozone layer and are especially as results of humans being burning fossil fuels, which is the great cause of global warming and climate change in the world. The environment is very essential into us because it what surround us and we have to keep it clean and safe from the destruction that human being might have. Also, we should know human activities are very dangerous to destroy the environment and we should avoid those human activities such as deforestation and mining and so on. I also, each government in every JOURNAL ENTRIES 10 country to implement some strategies to protect the environment from human activities and also establish mass education to the people so that they can know the importance of the environment to a human being. Through these strategies, we will be able to protect our environment from the destruction. According to further studies I have come to know the factors that mostly affect the greenhouse gases, which are nitrous oxide (N2O), and ozone (O3), water vapor (H2O), carbon, dioxide (CO2 and methane (CH4 ). These factors are common and are increasing at high right in the world mostly in a place where there is no law bidding for the emission of gases to the atmosphere. However, reading articles about climate change and the environment have come to acquire knowledge that trees also contribute to climate change of a certain place. This happens because carbon is stored in trees and when cut trees down and we just reverse the carbon from trees to the atmosphere which is very dangerous and leads to great climate change. Therefore, we human being was the cause of climate change negatively by cutting trees down and burn them allowing carbon gases to escape to the atmosphere causing greenhouse gases and also affecting the ozone layer. So is my advice to all people are cutting trees to stop it because trees are the storage container for the carbons and when we burn trees carbon gases such as dioxide (CO2 and methane (CH4 ) escape to atmosphere affecting the ozone layer. Word Count: 414 8: Healthcare workforce, program, and technical innovation First of all, the health workforce refers to all of the people or doctors who deliver or assist in the delivery of health services, to other people when they are sick or help a person who helps to operate health care facilities with aim of treating other people's illness. However, other workers who work in health care facilities as an administrative assistant in a public or private JOURNAL ENTRIES 11 doctor`s office, are also considered part of the health workforce. Healthcare deals with many departments of health areas such as family planning, surgery and theatre department, maternity department, disease health mental and newborn health mental. Healthcare workforce is now changing to be worse because according to my research I have done is that most healthcare is not transparency in their services where one my loss her child after delivering successful but due to corruption and being not transference, doctor my decision to sell your child to another person who needs child. Furthermore, healthcare has many programs that enable quality services to the patients and also has effective use of machines to facilitate health care services to the people. Healthcare programs are like state children`s health insurance program, this program helps to support health care services children by supporting through medical bills when one child admitted to the hospital. Also, we have other programs called national health international fund (NHIF) program, it is used to pay huge bills of patients in the hospital. Healthcare services have been improved due to the technical innovation improvements in worldwide. Technical innovation has established in many hospitals like in India, there is a high standard of health care services provided compared to other healthcare facilitates. However, it is good for any recognized health care hospital to use recommended equipment for treatment purposes According to my research about health care service I have found that death cases due to sickness have reduced compared to the time when there was no improved technical equipment to handle health care services properly. Also, prepare more establishments of training schools of health care so that we can have more doctors to cater to an increased number of people in the world due to the high rate of birth than the rate of death. Therefore, I can argue that physicians JOURNAL ENTRIES 12 and doctors provide healthcare services equally to every patient without discrimination and God will bless them for their good work does to the people of God. Word Count: 402 9: Environmental Obligations In mid-May 2019, I read an article that was published online by Cambridge University Press. The item had been issued from the 'American Journal of International Law.' The article was initially published on 2nd Apr 2019 Volume 113, pages 400-404. Like most of you, I only accessed the information through my most reliable and credible source, 'The Cambridge Core.' Concerning the context of the content, I recalled how our government in January 2019 made claims and raised concerns about Peru's commitment to the bilateral trade agreement. As an insight into the issues that we have witnessed over the years, it's important to recap some of the landmarks and events that surround the subject matter. The agreement that the government is referring to is the Peru Trade Promotion Agreement. As a patriotic citizen of our United States, I have been following up on the progress of the agreement since 2006. We signed a deal through representatives, and equal and equally capable personalities had also presented Peru. As one of the parts of the treaty neither us nor Peru representatives could or can claim more powers or act as the command on the negotiations. As a state, we had and have all concerns about trade relations with Peru. Peru is the largest market in our exports, and trade activities need to be safeguarded through mutual interests. In 2006 we were exporting 80% of total exports to Peru. Even today, despite changes in market dynamics and scales, Peru remains the external reading market. It cannot escape my mind how the goals and objectives have shifted with time. Environmental degradation, global warming, and multilateral conservation became a significant concern to us towards 2010. JOURNAL ENTRIES 13 Towards 2010 we witnessed a lot of problems on draught related issues that were seriously harmful to our social, economic systems. Our agriculture, energy sources, water reserves, health, and even transport got significant drawbacks from environmental issues (United States Trade Representatives, 2019). Our government raised the concern of logging in Peru last year. This year and to be precise in February, we have all heard the news and read news published on our media on the issue of carbon release from amazon forest. Our most reliable carbon sink is no longer a sink but a consumer? Did our forest ingest much it can't contain more? Have technological developments been occurring in amazon plants that the GIGO principle applies to trees in amazon? As a state, we were concerned by the Peru government proposal to have OSINFOR (Agency for the Supervision of Forest Resources and Wildlife) reduced to a department under the Ministry of Environment. It is important to report we settled the matter through resolutions that we passed in April 2019. Recent events and discoveries open another chapter. We can no longer as a state really on multilateral or bilateral agreements to safeguard our environment. New strategies must be established to protect our resources and population from the harmful and detrimental effects of greenhouse gases. Word Count: 494 10: Humanitarian Crisis An article published on the BBC website on 19th Feb 2020 focused consequences of Brexit. The title of the article is 'Immigration: Eight ways new laws will affect the industry.' The new law that was passed brought into action 31st Dec 2019 plea of termination of UK-EU Visa, which allowed free movement. The Authors' list of effects has no boundary on industry, race, ethnicity, or even nationality. Even the citizens and their economic systems will experience a JOURNAL ENTRIES 14 significant impact. Some prominent challenges will be lack of economical labor, inadequate healthcare providers for needy population, the general shortage of human resources in blue-collar jobs, a complication of hiring foreigners, and barriers to higher education research (BBC, 2020). After going through the content, I found myself thinking of our state after the enactment of new immigration policy. In my quest, I started my research on citizen's opinions on the matter. The PEW research center published the answers I got and would like to share. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/05/17/key-facts-about-u-s-immigration-policiesand-proposed-changes/ Let me start by reminding you of some of the proposals that the government made over the immigration policy. All illegal immigrants were to be repatriated to their countries, construction of the physical wall, and introduction of a restriction on green-cards issuance. Our policy for a while had been an excellent policy offering opportunities to different people from other states. Our economy had employed many immigrants accounted to be over 34 Million. One of the problems we had with the policy is that it had facilitated the influx of illegal immigrants. In 2018 the government reported there were over 12 Million illegal immigrants in the country. This was, besides, to already register 34 Million. The influx of illegal immigrants is a social concern given security issues and terrorism. As a society, we have, in recent years, witnessed our fellow citizens being attacked because of their gender orientation. American culture and society have never heard a problem with personal choices. Irrespective of our preferences, we gave an opinion, but our democracy carried the day. With the socioeconomic drawback we had been experiencing, there was a need to contain illegal immigrants. Pew article offered a different scenario of our state compared to our friend, the United Kingdom. The government has taken an initiative to review immigration laws. Initially, an JOURNAL ENTRIES 15 immigrant could only be allowed on bases on education and employment. Our government has examined the subject of green card issuance and introduced policy that is socially and economically sustainable. Key changes introduced include family-based green-cards, diversity visas, employment-based, temporary permissions and temporary protected status, h-1b visas, and DACA. The move by the government was needed and restored our social status since we show our belief and support of family as a basic unit, enhance our participation on humanitarian grounds, and protect our industries from a labor shortage. Word Count: 466 GMU 406-001 ASSIGNMENT: Global Health NOW Journal Entries (10 weekly entries, five points each) A journal entry will be due each week (10 entries in all) starting Monday, February 10. Each entry (written in first person as a personal experience) will be a summary of one mainstream press article, public health peer review journal article (e.g., Lancet), or organization newsletter article found on the Global Health NOW. Students are required to subscribe to the free service (see syllabus for more information). GHNow provides up to date mainstream press, organizational newsletters, and journal articles daily but also has a search engine for articles published over the past year. Your article must come from the GHNow newsfeed or its archive. If you can’t properly document that it came from GHNow or its archive, you will receive 0 points for the assignment. Examples of mainstream press sources: The Washington Post, New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Hindustan Times, Newsweek, Deutsche Welle, Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Nigeria Health Watch, The Guardian, US News & World Report, The Atlantic, Science, South China Morning Post, IRIN, VOX, Wired, The Daily Grind, or online sources, e.g. Al Jazeera, Huffington Post, BBC, NPR, ABC, CBC Public Radio International. Wikipedia is not mainstream press source. Articles chosen can be as recent as the week of the class, a month old, or any time after January 1, 2015. Articles should be at least 400 words long and include evidencebased data, e.g., population data (demographic/household and/or health behavior data; health outcomes) and/or baseline-end line program data. This holds especially true for organizational newsletters. Articles without evidence-based information are not acceptable, and the journal entry will receive a zero score. Each article should be about a topic being covered in class the week or on the Monday it is due. See the schedule in the syllabus for topics and dates. For instance, the journal entry due on February 10 should be on an article found from the Global Health NOW about cardiovascular diseases. Each article cannot be the same article chosen for the Mainstream Article Brief assignment. Articles must be global in intent. That is, if possible, it can’t only be about the United States or just about high-income countries but must link data and information with what is going on in middle- and lower-income countries. Each journal entry is worth up to 5 points for a total of up to 50 points. Students will upload entries onto Blackboard. Only the professor will review the entry. Entries are due no later than 4:30pm on Mondays. Each journal entry must be at 400-500 words (include a word count at the end of the entry). The entry must be in paragraph form (no bullets), in your own words and focus on how you connected with the topic and article you read. You may address questions such as what you learned from this chapter, what challenged your knowledge/belief system, what may have surprised you, what inspired you, how you connect to the 1 material based on your own life experiences, how you want to use the information in your life, ideas you may have on addressing the issues, etc. You can briefly quote the article to emphasize your reflection, but don’t simply repeat the facts that appear in the article. In addition to the above, you must: 1. Submit your journal entry with a nicely organized cover page that states “ Journal Entry”; the date of the Global Health NOW newsfeed that the article is from (if it is recent); the title, author, source and date of the article; your name, date, and 406 001 2. Please include on the uploaded entry a copy of the article your read, not the weblink. Scoring rubric: Points 5 4 3 2 1 0 Writing Well written (grammar, spelling); follows all guidelines above Some writing errors; follows all guidelines above Well written; follows most of the guidelines above Follows some of the guidelines above Follows few of the guidelines above Article contains no evidence-based data Article does not come from GHNow newsfeed or its archive Thank you. 2 
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