Short answer questions. These should be about 150 -250 words each. Please do only 5 of the following 7 possibilities: Homer and Hesiod often ridicule the chiefs and elites in Greek society for putting their own self-interest over justice for the community (We could make a similar statement about leaders in America today). According to the Martin textbook, how does Hesiod help us understand the importance of justice to Greek society at the end of the Dark Age? (you should consult the end of the chapter three in the Martin Textbook “The Dark Age”) The rise of the polis in Archaic Age Greece was the most enduring and distinctive feature of Ancient Greek culture. Describe the nature of the polis in terms of its general geographic characteristics, population, religious practice, and above all citizenship. (you will want to consult chapter 4 of the Martin Textbook “The Archaic Age”) The process of Greek colonization is almost as important as the creation of the Greek poleis (that is plural of polis). What were three “important effects” that resulted from contact with other peoples in Mediterranean trading networks? (See chapter 4 “Archaic Age”) Solon the Lawgiver of Athens was one of the seven sages of Ancient Greece. The Greek sages were believed to have developed the rational approach to justice. Solon, in many ways, fulfills the idea of justice raised by Hesiod (see question 1). Describe three ways that Solon made the polis of Athens a more just polity? (see Martin Chapter 5) Cleisthenes created three important innovations that made it impossible for an oligarchy to control the votes of poorer citizens (would that we had these now!). What were these three important innovations and how did they work to make democracy function better? (see chapter 5 martin) According to the Martin textbook why did the Athenians feel an urgency to fight the Persians at Marathon and how did this reflect vulnerability of Athenian democracy (from other Athenians) just a decade or so after the Cleisthenian reforms? (see Martin chapter 6). In the second half of the fifth century, Athens embarked on a building program that ensured the achievements of the Athenians would be remembered long after the glory of their polis had waned. Describe thee important structures in the monumental Athenian building program and explain how these public buildings demonstrated the civic pride that Athenians took in their polis (extra points if you can illustrate how they reflected democratic ideals).