Directions: a)Enter all your answers into this Word document (immediately following the relevant question) and submit the entire document. IMPORTANT: The name of your Word document MUST begin with your LAST NAME.b)When you use a Template to calculate an answer, copy and paste the results into this document.c)While putting your answers in a different color font is helpful, please DO NOT use red font since this is the color used to provide feedback on your answers.1.The following table shows a data set containing information for 25 of the shadow stocks tracked by the American Association of Individual Investors. Shadow stocks are common stocks of smaller companies that are not closely followed by Wall Street analysts.a.How many variables are in the data set?b.Which of the variables are categorical and which are quantitative?c.For the Exchange variable, show the frequency and the percent frequency for AMEX, NYSE, and OTC. Construct a bar graph similar to Figure 1.4 (in the textbook) for the Exchange variable.d.Show the frequency distribution for the Gross Profit Margin using he five intervals: 0 – 14.9, 15 – 29.9, 30 – 44.9, 45 – 59.9, and 60 – 74.9. Construct a histogram similar to Figure 1.5 (in the textbook).e.What is the average price/earnings ratio?DATA SET FOR 25 SHADOW STOCKSCompanyExchangeTicker SymbolMarket Cap ($ millions)Price/ Earnings RatioGross Profit Margin (%)DeWolfe CompaniesAMEXDWL36.48.436.7North Coast EnergyOTCNCEB52.56.259.3Hansen Natural Corp.OTCHANS41.114.644.8MarineMax, Inc.NYSEHZO111.57.223.8Nanometrics Inc.OTCNANO228.638.053.3Team Staff, Inc.OTCTSTF92.133.54.1Environmental TectonicsAMEXETC51.135.835.9Measurement SpecialtiesAMEXMSS101.826.837.6SEMCO Energy, Inc.NYSESEN193.418.723.6Party City CorporationOTCPCTY97.215.936.4Embrex, Inc.OTCEMBX136.518.959.5Tech/Ops Sercon, Inc.AMEXTO23.220.735.7ARCADIS NVOTCARCAF173.48.89.6Qiao Xing Universal Tele.OTCXING64.322.130.8Energy West Inc.OTCEWST29.19.716.3Barnwell Industries, Inc.AMEXBRN27.37.473.4Innodata CorporationOTCINOD66.111.029.6Medical Action IndustriesOTCMDCI137.126.930.6Instrumentarium Corp.OTCINMRY240.93.652.1Petroleum DevelopmentOTCPETD95.96.119.4Drexler Technology Corp.OTCDRXR233.645.653.6Gerber Childrenswear, Inc.NYSEGCW126.97.925.8Gaiam, Inc,OTCGAIA295.568.260.7Artesian Resources Corp.OTCARTNA62.820.545.5York Water CompanyOTCYORW92.222.974.22.People often wait till middle age to worry about having a healthy heart. However, recent studies have shown that earlier monitoring of risk factors such as blood pressure can be very beneficial (The Wall Street Journal, January 10, 2012). Having higher than normal blood pressure, a condition known as hypertension, is a major risk factor for heart disease. Suppose a large sample of individuals of various ages and gender was selected and that each individual’s blood pressure was measured to determine if they have hypertension. For the sample data, the following table shows the percentage of individuals with hypertension.a.Develop a side-by-side bar chart with age on the horizontal axis, the percentage of individuals with hypertension on the vertical axis, and side-by-side bars based on gender.b.What does the display you developed in part (a), indicate about hypertension and age?c.Comment on differences in gender.AgeMaleFemale20 - 3411.0%9.0%35 – 4424.0%19.0%45 – 5439.0%37.0%55 – 6457.0%56.0%65 – 7462.0%64.0%75 +73.3%79.0%3.The department of transportation’s study on driving speed and miles per gallon for midsize automobiles resulted in the data below.a.Plot the speed and miles per gallon using a scatter plot with speed on the horizontal axis.b.Compute the sample mean and standard deviation for each variable.c.Compute the sample correlation coefficient. Is there a positive or negative correlation between these two variables? Comment.Speed (Miles per Hour)30504055302560255055Miles per Gallon282525233032213526254.The U.S. Census Bureau serves as the leading source of quantitative data about the nation’s people and economy. The following cross-tabulation shows the number of households (1,000s) and the household income by the highest of level of education for the head of the household (U.S. Census Bureau website, 2013). Only households in which the head has a high school diploma or more are included.a.Develop a joint probability tableb.What is the probability of the head of one of these households having a master’s degree or more education?c.What is the probability of a household headed by someone with a high school diploma earning $100,000 or more?d.What is the probability of one of these households having an income below $25,000?e.What is the probability of a household headed by someone with a bachelor’s degree earning less than $25,000?f.Is household income independent of educational level?Highest Level of EducationHousehold IncomeUnder $25,000$25,000 to $49,999$50,000 to $99,999$100,000 and OverTOTALHigh School Graduate988099709441348232,773Bachelor’s Degree248441647666781722,131Master’s Degree6851205301940949003Doctoral Degree7916042210761737TOTAL13,12815,49920,54816,46965,644

A t test examines if two means (averages) are reliably different from each other; that is, whether any significant differences exist between the means of samples from different populations. For example, to what extent is the output of a local office which applied an IT solution different than the output of other local offices which did not apply the IT solution? Also, if you wanted to test whether the average IQ score of a group of students differs from 100, you may use a t test. A t test does more than just compare means; as an inferential statistic, t tests allow researchers to make inferences about the populations beyond their sample data.For this Assignment, you will use the IT Security database and conduct two t tests: (a) one-sample t test and (b) paired-samples t test and prepare an APA results write-up for each test.To prepare for this Assignment:Review the media programs:Introduction to Hypothesis TestingThe t StatisticThe t Test for Related SamplesEstimationReview Lesson 22, "One-Sample t Test.” Then conduct a one-sample t test using the IT Security Dataset from this week’s Learning Resources.Pay particular attention to the sections titled “Writing an APA Results Section” (on pages 119-120) and “An APA Results Section” (on page 167) in the Green and Salkind text.Review Lesson 23, “Paired-Samples t Test.” Then conduct a paired-samples t test using the IT Security Dataset.Pay particular attention to the section titled “An APA Results Section” (on page 122) in the Green and Salkind text.Review the Assignment Exemplar provided in this week’s Learning Resources.Submit a 5- to 6-page paper using the Assignment Exemplar.Your paper must include the following elements:An APA Results section for each t test. (See examples of APA Results sections in Lesson 22 (one-sample t test) and Lesson 23 (paired-samples t test) of the Green and Salkind text.)The critical elements of your SPSS output, including:A properly formatted research questionA properly formatted H10 (null) and H1a (alternate) hypothesisA descriptive statistics narrative and properly formatted descriptive statistics table (see page 148 of the Green and Salkind text)A properly formatted histogram for the one-sample t test (see page 149 of the Green and Salkind text)A properly formatted box plot for the paired-samples t test (see page 154 of the Green and Salkind text)A properly formatted inferential APA Results Section (see page 149 of the Green and Salkind text) for each testAn appendix including the SPSS output generated for descriptive and inferential statistics (see SPSS output on page 148 of the Green and Salkind text)

Counting Techniques ALL questions below must be answered. Show ALL step-by-step calculation. Upload this modified Answer Form to the intellipath Unit 8 Submission lesson. Make sure you submit your work in a modified MS Word document; handwritten work will not be accepted. If you need assistance, please contact your course instructor. Part A: Combinations and Permutations 1.Differentiate between permutations and combinations. How are they different? What is the formula for each? (15 points total for Question 1)2.Each state has a standard format for license plates that includes a set number of alphanumeric characters. For this assignment, you can insert a picture of your state’s non-personalized license plate or provide a sample of the format in text. (20 points total for Question 2)a.Determine the number of different license plates that can be created using this format. Assume that a license plate consists of seven alphanumeric characters using numbers (0–9) and capital letters (A–Z). Find how many unique license plates can be printed using all alphanumeric characters only once. b.You and a friend are witnesses of a car accident in your state. But you can only remember a few of the first alphanumeric characters on the license plate. 3.Your community has asked you to help the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) sports director organize a season of sports. You need to put together the teams. For the soccer teams, athletes signed up with three different age groups. How many different ways can you organize teams of 10 for each age group? (15 points total for Question 3)For this set of exercises, you will need one standard six-sided dice. If you do not have one, you can use virtual dice: https://www.random.org/dice/ (40 points total for Question 4)a.First, differentiate between odds and probability. b.Reflect on the previous question’s answer outcome. First, convert the fraction to a percent. c.What if someone challenged you to never roll a 3? If you were to roll the dice 18 times, what would be the empirical probability of never getting a three? d.After 18 rolls, what would be the empirical probability of getting a three on at least one of those rolls? Also, list the likelihood scale term from the table above. e.Roll the dice 18 times and keep track of what is rolled in the table below. (2 points)f.Based on your dice rolls, what is the experimental probability of rolling a three, out of 18 rolls? Also, list the likelihood scale term from the table above. How are they different? (5 points) ? Permutation Formula (5 points) ? Combination Formula (5 points) ? Your State’s Name (1 point) Ohio Picture of a License Plate from Your State (or a Sample) (1 point) ? Describe the Rule for Your State’s Non-personalized License Plates (1 point) ? Is this a permutation or combination? Why? (2 points) ? What formula from Question 1 will you use to solve the problem? (1 point) ? Solution: (4 points) ? Show your work here: How many alphanumeric characters do you remember? (1 point) ? (Select a number from 2 to 5) What are the characters at the beginning? (1 point) ? How many license plates start with these alphanumeric characters? (4 points) ? Show your work here: How many license plates have been eliminated? (4 points) ? Show your work: Are these a permutation or combination? Why? (2 points) ? What formula from Question 1 will you use to solve the problem? (1 point) ? How many students signed up for soccer? (1 point) ? (Select a multiple of 10, from 30 to 100) How many kids signed up for Little Tykes under the age of seven? (1 point) ? (Select a multiple of 10, of at least 20) How many kids signed up for Big Kids between the ages 8 and 12? (1 point) ? (Select a multiple of 10, of at least 20) How many kids signed up for Teens between the ages 13 and 18? (1 point) ? (Select a multiple of 10, of at least 20) How many different ways can you create teams of 10 for the Little Tykes grade level? (2 points) ? Show your work here: (2 points) If age levels did not matter, how many different ways can you create teams of 10? (2 points) ? Show your work here: (2 points) Part B: Probabilities and Odds How are odds and probability different? (2 points) ? What is the odds in favor ratio? (3 points) ? What is the probability of an event ratio? (3 points) ? What are the odds of rolling a three? Simplify all fraction answers. (2 points) ? What is the theoretical probability of rolling a three? Simplify all fraction answers. (2 points) ? Percent Probability Theoretical Probability (Rounded to the nearest whole percent.) (2 points) ? Next, given the likelihood scale table above, what term best describes your answer? Likelihood Scale Term (2 points) ? Percent Probability Solution (Rounded to the Nearest Whole Percent) (2 points) ? Likelihood Scale Term (2 points) ? Show your work here: (2 points) Percent Probability Empirical Probability (Rounded to the Nearest Whole Percent) (2 points) ? Likelihood Scale Term (2 points) ? Show your work: (2 points) What do you notice about the answers for parts c and d above? (2 points) ? Roll # Dice Roll # Dice Roll # Dice Roll 1 ? Roll 7 ? Roll 13 ? Roll 2 ? Roll 8 ? Roll 14 ? Roll 3 ? Roll 9 ? Roll 15 ? Roll 4 ? Roll 10 ? Roll 16 ? Roll 5 ? Roll 11 ? Roll 17 ? Roll 6 ? Roll 12 ? Roll 18 ? Percent Probability Experimental Probability (Rounded to the Nearest Whole Percent) (2 points) ? Likelihood Scale Term (2 points) ? Show your work here: (2 points) With regard to the likelihood scale terms for each, how did this differ from both the theoretical and empirical probabilities? (2 points) ?