Diablo Valley College Archi 156 Final Exam Review Worksheet Terms are ALSO LISTED IN YOUR TEXTBOOK. Where do you see these terms applied in the architecture? Define and explain each Term and Architecture. THE ROMAN REPUBLIC 753-27 BCE Roman Stone Arch-page 108 Voussoirs – Keystone- Marcus Vitruvius Pollio ‘Vitruvius’- Ten books of Architecture (why he and his book significant to the legacy of Roman Architecture? page 107 Roman Republic (What is the Senate and Consul?)- Who are Patricians and Plebeians? Early Roman Architecture Concrete and Pozzolana -(what was notable about this new invention, How did it allow builders to create complex sites? How were these materials used? For what purpose and why?) Page 110 Stucco-(what is it, and what was it used for?) Architectural Vaulting Barrel Vault- Groin Vault- Hemispherical Dome- Composite Capitals- Rusticated Masonry (specifically Columns)- Roman Basilica- Roman Aqueducts- (what was their purpose? How are arches and barrel vaulting utilized?) Page 108 Temple Architecture (What parts of the following structures borrow from Greek and Etruscan Architecture?) Temple of Fortuna Virilis, Rome, 2nd Century CE. Page 118 (what is the purpose?) Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia, Praeneste, ca 80 BCE. Page 109 (what is the purpose of this building? Why are shops incorporated in the sanctuary?) (where do you see: barrel vaults, pediments, ionic columns, tholos temple) Roman Household (Dromus) Please identify the following Roman Villa household . Pages 125-129 Fauces= Atrium= Impluvium= Cubiculum= Tablinum= Peristyle Courtyard= How were Roman Villas different from the Roman Insula (apartment). Who lived in these two different buildings, how were they incorporated in the Roman urban city. Roman Empire For the following understand: Key Architectural Terms, What Emperor commissioned the project, What is the Purpose, and Greek influences/Roman innovations? 1. Emperor Augustus, The Ara Pacis , How are the ideals of the Pax Romana present? Video : https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/ancient-medieval/roman-empire-survey/v/ara-pacis-augustae-altar-of-augustanpeace-13-9-b-c-e-rome 2. Emperor Vespasian, The Colosseum (how was a commentary of the selfish decisions of the past emperor, Nero.) -What are the 3 types of columns are present? Terms: Barrel vaulting, Cavea, What were the wooden poles for? Pg. 123-125 3. Emperor Trajan, Forum of Trajan Pg 114-115 Terms to know in association with the Complex of Trajan: Apse, Basilica Longitudinal Plan, Clerestory. 4. Emperor Hadrian, The Pantheon What is structurally and stylistically new about this building? Pg.119 Terms: Central plan, coffered ceilings, oculus, drum, barrel, portico Symbolism- Orb of the Earth, Vault of heavens Pan-all, Theon-gods Emperor Titus, Triumphal Arch - (what types of relief sculpture were depicted on the triumphal arches?) pg. 116 (a different arch, but very similar). Terms: engaged columns, attic, barrel vault, arch, spandrels. Video https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/roman/early-empire/v/arch-oftitus-relief Emperor Constantine, Basilica Nova Terms: groin and barrel vaulting, clerestory, apes, Statue of Constantine Pg 121 Transition to Christianity What BIG changes did he make within the Empire? -Where did the capital city of Rome move to?-Who legalized Christianity? Who made it the official religion?- How/Why did Rome begin to fall? (think about Theodosius and his sons) Christianity, Jesus Christ- Early Christianity What is the Edict of Milan (Emperor Constantine legitimized Christianity, why was this significant?)- Basilica (How is the Roman Basilica different from the Christian Basilica? How are their uses different?) Old Saint Peter’s Basilica, Commissioned by Constantine. Pg 136 -Who is buried here? How is this building a Martyria? -Explain this longitudinal Plan (timber roof, lavish interior, marble columns) Terms-Nave, aisles, transept, apes, clerestory Questions/Concepts to Understand: In what ways did the Romans incorporate both Etruscan and Classical Greek Architectural styles within their own Roman architecture. How do these influences change from Early Rome to the High Roman Period? ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE Chapter 7, from Textbook. Muhammed the Prophet- (Who was he, how was his night journey essential to the importance of specific Islamic architectural sites?) Allah- Mecca- Qur’an- The Ka’ba(what is Haj or Islamic Pilgrimage, how does it involve sacred sites like the Ka’ba?) Non-zoomorphic and Aniconisic images—(Why is this very important to Islamic art and architecture?) Name 3 commonly used motifs or designs used in Islamic Architecture 1. 2. 3 Calligraphy-(what is it? where does it occur? Art, architecture, books, art objects?) Mosaics- (What kinds of images of created in Islamic mosaics? Where are they feature? How is it different from the representation of Christian themed mosaic imagery?) Explain the four key features of a Mosque, and their purpose: 1. Minaret- 2. Mihrab- 4. Qibla- 5. Forecourt- 6. Hypostyle Hall- 7. Harem, or Prayer Hall- Identify where these features are located on the chart. Arches-Describe their general design. Horseshoe Arch- Multifoil (Trefoil, Quatrefoil) Arches- Polychrome Arches- Architecture from the Chapter -The Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, 687–692. -The Great Mosque, Damascus, Syria -The Great Mosque, Córdoba, Spain, 961–965. -The Minaret , at The Great Mosque of al-Mutawakkil, Samarra, 848-852. In what ways are Islamic Mosques borrowing from Greek, Roman, or Christian architectural elements?
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