Religion Origin of All Things Nature of God View of Human Nature Week 1 Indigenous Peoples Indigenous people original inhabitants of lands now they controlled by larger political systems in which they may have little influence indigenous people Practice one of the global religions while still retaining many of their traditional ways. Indigenous people live in rainforests for many thousands of years. Week 2 Hinduism and Jainism Hinduism is the oldest religion .Combines the material and spiritual.The janism is from India is not based on Vedas.6 million followers. Hinduism believe in god .Because all life is created it by supreme. Instead Jainism is not believed in god. Both Hinduism and Jainism are tolerance religion. Both believe about no violence. And also karma.Janism religion no killing of animals for any reason instead Hinduism is not require that. View of Good and Evil they also purify themselves in order to engage their services for the good of the people. Hinduism believe about Epics and Puranas which deals with eternal interplay of good and evil .The Jainism believe in “Juna” a fully perfected human. Finally “Anekantwad” the principle of manifold aspects of the View of “Salvation” View of After Life Practices and Rituals Celebrations and Festivals science or else the Christian understandin g of religion as a means of salvation from sinful earthly existence a belief not found among most indigenous peoples. Indigenous people spirit believe in the afterlife, there is no hell or heaven indigenous religions preserved some of their beliefs and ritual practices but also adjusted to the new sociocultur al milieu. Indigenous people celebrate and share their culture at many colorful traditional. They also dance with Spirits. Hinduism preserved reincaranatio n after death and the rebirth in a new life.Janism preserved Samsara the continual round of birth , death and rebirth . Hinduism preserved fast, prayers,fire sacrifice, and auspicious design. The Jainism preserved the twelve limited vows. Both celebrate pilgrimanges.a nd festivals. The Hinduism celebrated sixteen religious holidays. Salvation is in Hinduism . called Moksha. Moksha is when an enlightened human being is freed from the cycle of life becomes one with God.Janism salvation is the infinite truth. number of souls in the universe and the length of the cycle of rebirth, it happens only rarely that a soul obtains human birth. Therefo re man should use every opportunity to pursue the way of salvation by acquiring the Week 3 Buddhism Buddhism is over 300 million followers today.Buddhis m is from India to China beyond. Buddhism is not believing in god,or any source of higher power .it believe in people Buddhism preserved loving,and respect people.It allows right action,right understanding,a nd right thought. The Buddhist understandin g is that good and evil are innate, inseparable aspects of life. The good or evil of an act is understood in terms of its actual impact on our own A Buddhist salvation is reaching Nirvana. Nirvana is a transcendenta l, blissful, spiritual state of nothingnessyou become a Buddha. To Buddhism, however, death is not the end of life, it is merely the end of the body we inhabit in this life, but our spirit will still remain and seek out The practice of meditation is central to nearly all forms of Buddhism, and it derives directly from the Buddha’s experiences and teachings. Magha Puja Day and Sangha Day. This holiday usually occurs on the day of full moon in March. On this day, it is believed that the Buddha gave his disciples a message, lives and the lives of others, not on abstract rules of conduct.. Week 4 Daoism and Confucianis m Daoism originated in China and though many people do not know these they often have an idea of its various elements. Instead the Confucianism is a system of thought builds from the Period of the Warring States in China in social anarchy. Daoism is primarily a Philosophy thus they don't have a personal god. Instead Confucianis m there really is no influence of God .Because it is mainly about how you should live life and use Correct Behavior. Daoism human nature is aligned with the rest of nature; order and harmony are the result. Confucianism have long debated essential human nature without reaching agreement as to its fundamental characteristics. Most agree, however, that the purpose of existence is to reach one highest potential as a human being Daoism If God is Good, then He can only be Good in comparison to something that is Not Good. Evil is presumed to exist. In Daoism, it is recognized that events cycle between good and bad. The Confucianism Good and evil argues for a more realistic humanism that acknowledge s Both good and evil the more violent elements. through the need of attachment, attachment to a new body and new life. Daoism Generally speaking, early concepts of salvation focused on this life rather than an afterlife. Confucianism Confucians do not typically hold beliefs about the individual salvation or damnation of persons beyond this life, ancestor worship is an important part of Confucian faith and practice Daoism afterlife doesn’t exist in terms of a Daoism belief system It’s in life that we are eternal in Daoism. Confucianis m does not emphasize the afterlife, focusing most of its teaching on how its adherents can live a moral life in the here and now. Meditation is is the central focus of Zen Buddhism and the only way to liberation in Theravada Buddhism Daoism consists of cosmology, theology, observation, practice principles and guidelines, meditation, health and longevity practices, ethics, dietetics, scripture study, seasonal attunement, geomancy, and ritual. The Confucianis m Confucianis m does not prescribe any specific rituals or practices. called the "Ovadha Patimokha," and amazing things happened.. Daoism celebrated on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, which is right about the time of the autumn equinox. The roots of this holiday lie in the Shang dynasty tradition of moon worship and are held at a time of the year when the moon is at its fullest visually the largest and brightest time to view it. Confucianism Some holidays are Easter Monday.Ching Ming festival is celebrated 106 days after the winter solstice and families visit their ancestors or relatives' graves. Week 5 Shinto The origin of the word "shinto" means "way of the kami." Therefore, Shinto beliefs focus on the existence and power of the kami, or gods, that exist in the world, in nature, and especially in and throughout Japan. The idea that Shinto are the same as God stems in part from the use of the word kami to translate the word 'God' in some 19th century translations of the Bible into Japanese The divine spirit dwells in all of nature, and brings joy and bounty to our lives. Through intimate contact with nature, the Shinto people have continued to imbibe its breath of life Purity is at the heart of Shinto's understandin g of good and evil. Shinto is an optimistic faith as humans are thought to be fundamentally good, and evil is believed to be caused by evil spirits. The Shinto concept of salvation is based on the belief that all living things have an essence, soul or spirit known as kami. Rather than living in a glorified Heaven, kami live among us he idea of karma is alive and present in this faith, as are spirits and souls. Week 6 Judaism Judaism is a religious tradition with origins dating back nearly four thousand years, rooted In Judaism, ultimate reality is a single, all powerful God. It is this belief A fundamental Jewish belief about human beings is that they are created in the image of God. This does In Judaism we do not see it as there being a conflict between good and evil. Judaism of the second Temple period and prior considered the concept of salvation Traditional Judaism firmly believes that death is not the end of human There are many Shinto practices and rituals that happen year round in order to commemora te kami. Most of these practices happen at various shrines across Japan but are not limited to just at shrines. Everyday rituals are also paramount to Shintoism Judaism ritual and practice is observed by the Jews. They are, of course, too The main Shinto rites and festivals are for celebrating the New Year, child birth, coming of age, planting and harvests, weddings, and groundbreakin g ceremonies for new buildings 14 Purim (The Festival of Lots) This celebrates the time when the Jewish people living in Week 7 Christianity in the ancient near eastern region of Canaan (which is now Israel and Palestinian territories). that made the Jews unique among other ancient Semitic peoples and that became the legacy Judaism has passed on to the entire Western world. not mean that people look like God, for God is incorporeal. The general rabbinical interpretation of this concept is that humans have the ability to reason. Some ancient religions believed that there are two forces in the universe, one good and one evil, and that they are constantly warring with each other. This was common to Mithraism, Zoroastrianis m, Christianity, and later to Manichaeism. Christianity, however, made the devil less powerful than God, but still made him a rebel against God. more national corporate than exclusively personal, as modern Christianity views it. The salvation of the individual Jew was connected to the salvation of the entire people. This belief stemmed directly from the teachings of the Torah. existence. However, because Judaism is primarily focused on life here and now rather than on the afterlife, Judaism does not have much dogma about the afterlife, and leaves a great deal of room for personal opinion. Christianity originated with Jesus of Nazareth, a Jewish prophet and teacher who Christians are monotheists . This means that they believe there is only Christianity views “Human Nature and the Human Condition we must look to the Bible because it Many Bible verses affirm the Christian belief that, "God is good and His love endures Salvation is deliverance from danger or suffering. To save is to deliver or protect. The Christian beliefs about the afterlife vary slightly between denominatio ns and numerous to even briefly describe. The Torah has 613 commands, and in addition there are details and customs. A few examples of Judaism rituals and practices are: Sabbath, Kosher food laws, prayers, Torah reading, learning the Torah and Talmud, charity, avoiding slander or violence, the Holy Days and festivals, etc. Many Christian rituals and religious practices vary between Persia were saved from death by the courage of Queen Esther. December 25 Christmas Day. A day to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ many people Week 8 Islam probably came to believe he was the Son of God and certainly was regarded as such by his disciples. Jesus preached in Israel during the time of Augustus, urging a purification of the Jewish religion that would free Israel and establish the kingdom of God on earth. one God. It is very difficult to describe God, because everyday language is always about ordinary things but God is not ordinary. teaches how people should love God, and their neighbors. This links into a fundamental rule of self-respect and respect to others because it’s argued it is not just a moral teaching but a central Christian value linked to the nature and value of Humans. Islam is a monotheistic religious tradition that developed in the Middle East in the 7th century C.E. Islam, which literally means "surrender" or "submission," was founded Islam has a very good definition of God. The Islamic concept of God is of pure monotheism . The Shahadah affirms the unity and Islam is a monotheistic religion like Judaism and Christianity, and like those religions, it teaches that God created the whole universe and everything in it. God is the master designer forever. Christian worldview, all that is good comes from God and all that He does is good because He cannot contradict His inherent nature. Many Christians hold that moral evil stems from rebellion against God, which results in injustice, vanity, pride, dishonesty, aggression, violence, greed and more. Both good and evil are from Allah is clearly stated in the Qur'an al-karim and hadith-i sharifs. All Islamic scholars to date, without exception, said that word carries the idea of victory, health, or preservation. Sometimes, the Bible uses the words saved or salvation to refer to temporal, physical deliverance, such as Paul’s deliverance from prison (Philippians 1:19). individual Christians, but the vast majority of Christians believe heaven is a place where believers go upon dying in order to enjoy the presence of God as well as other believers. In heaven, people are also freed from sin and all its various manifestatio n, like suffering and pain. denominatio n, individual church and individual Christian, but some practices are common to virtually all forms of Christianity. Most Christians attend worship services at church on Sundays, which generally include singing, prayer and a sermon. exchange gifts at this time. April 16 Easter Sunday/Pasch a. Jesus Christ's resurrection from the dead. People celebrate this day by giving Easter eggs – the eggs mean new life. The Easter season is celebrated for fifty days, until Pentecost. The Muslim doctrine of salvation is that unbelievers (kuffar, literally "those who are ungrateful") and sinners will be condemned, but genuine Islam teaches the continued existence of the soul and a transformed physical existence after death. Muslims believe there will be a day The religious rituals of Islam are relatively few in number, but great in importance. The Five Pillars of Islam are five practices regarded by There are two Islamic Festivals: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. Eid al-Fitr Known as the “Feast of Breaking of the Fast” which marks the end of Ramadan. It falls on the first on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad as an expression of surrender to the will of Allah, the creator and sustainer of the world. uniqueness of worship of God. In Islam, God is considered as not possessing any gender and not resembling human or any creation in shape or form. God is omnipotent and does not beget nor is He begotten. As such, attribution of children or spouse to God is considered blasphemou s in the Islamic faith. Allah is the considered the proper name of God used by Arabic speakers, irrespective of their religion who put order and purpose in his creation, and he rules over it with compassion and mercy. Everything in creation depends upon God, the Sustainer, for its existence. The purpose of all creation, including humans, is to love and serve God. good and evil are from Allah. The belief that evil is not from Allah is the view held by the followers of Christianity, the Mu'tazilah, and some heretical sects. No Ahl as-Sunnah scholar stated that evil was not from Allah because no scholar can say anything against the Qur'an alkarim and hadith-i sharifs. Humans cannot create their own. repentance results in Allah's forgiveness and entrance into Paradise upon death. of judgment when all humans will be divided between the eternal destinations of Paradise and Hell. all sects as essential to the Muslim faith. Other notable Islamic practices include the mystical rituals of Sufism and various distinctive Shi'ite practices. day of the next month, Shawwal and celebration lasts 3 days. Eid al-Adha known as the “Feast of the Sacrifice” is the 10th day of Dhu al-Hijjah. It is a commemoratio n of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham)’s willingness to sacrifice his son Ismail (Ishmael) as an act of submission to Allah’s command and Ismail’s acceptance to being sacrificed.The celebration day in Muslim religion is new year it is the first day of Muharram, the first month in the Islamic calendar. The first Islamic year began in 610 AD with the Hijra of Prophet Muhammad and the first Muslims from Mecca to Medina. Week 9 Sikhism Week 10 Modern Religions