Name: ______________________________ POSC 301 Political Research I Homework #6 – Crosstabulations #1 – Bivariate Analyses This homework assignment covers using bivariate crosstabulations to test simple hypotheses. You will use the 2008 American National Election study file. 1. 2. Getting Started in SPSS A If you are working off-campus, you must first download and install the Virtual Workstation plug-in. Most on-campus computers already have the plug-in installed. If the plug-in is already installed, go to Step B below. 1. Go to the Towson University web site (www.towson.edu/ots) 2. in the Search Towson window, type Virtual Workspace and press enter 3. Click on the link for Virtual Workspace and follow the instructions for your type of computer or device. If you have problems loading or running Virtual Workspace, contact Student Computing Services (401-704-5151) or go to Cook Library Room 35 with your computer. B. To Access SPSS with Virtual Workspace 1 Start your browser 2 On Campus: Click on the Windows START button and type SPSS in the Search Programs and Files window 3 Off Campus: 4 Login with your TU NetID a. Go to Virtual Workspace https://virtualworkspace.towson.edu/Citrix/XenApp/auth/logon.asp b. c. Select SPSS C. Close the two dialog boxes that open when SPSS loads. D. Open the file for this homework assignment by clicking  File  Open  Data  In the File Name box: \\cla-server2\roberts\ and click Open  Select the ANES folder  Select the file ANES2008.sav E. Before you get started with the questions below, you should set options that control how SPSS lists variables:  Edit  Options  Under Variable Lists click Display Names and Alphabetical  OK and then click OK to close the dialog box that appears about changing variable names. The Federal Deficit in the 2008 Election The Tea Party did not emerge as a force in politics until the 2010 mid term elections. Nevertheless, dissatisfaction with the level of the Federal debt and deficit was growing in 2008. Generally, republicans are seen more as “deficit watchers” than democrats which leads to an interesting question in the 2008 election. Were voters who wanted to cut the Federal deficit more likely to vote for McCain or Obama in 2008? The following exercises run crosstabulations and generate statistical tests of various hypotheses about how the deficit affected vote choice in 2008. Hypothesis 1a: Voters who favor reducing the Federal deficit were more likely to vote for McCain than Obama in 2008. In SPSS  Analyze  Descriptive Statistics  Crosstabs  Select V085044x and use the arrow to move it to the window for the Row Variable  Select V085074R and use the arrow to move it to the window for the Column Variable  Statistics – Select Chi Square, and all the Nominal and all the Ordinal tests & Continue  Cells – Select Observed Counts (default) and Column Percentages & Continue  OK A Click on the crosstabulation table for Vote Choice by Favor/Oppose Reducing the Federal Deficit to select the table, then right click and select copy. Paste the table in the space below and size it to fit the space. B. What percentage of the respondents who opposed reducing the Federal deficit voted for ____Obama C. Does this seem to support or refute Hypothesis 1a? D. Fill in the following test values from the SPSS output: Chi Square: Cramer’s V Kendall’s Tau B: Kendall’s Tau C: E. Value: _______ Value: _______ Value: _______ Value: _______ ____ Refute Probability (Asymp. Sig.): __________ Which test is the appropriate measure of association to use for this table? ____ Cramer’s V ____ Kendall’s Tau B F. ____ Support ____ McCain? ____ Kendall’s Tau C What do you conclude about hypothesis 1a? Explain your answer: _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ Hypothesis 1b: Voters who favor raising taxes to reduce the Federal deficit were more likely to vote for Obama than McCain in 2008. In SPSS  Analyze  Descriptive Statistics  Crosstabs  Reset  Select V085044x and use the arrow to move it to the window for the Row Variable  Select V085075R and use the arrow to move it to the window for the Column Variable  Statistics – Select Chi Square, and all the Nominal and all the Ordinal tests & Continue  Cells – Select Observed Counts (default) and Column Percentages & Continue  OK G. What percentage of the respondents who favored raising taxes to reduce the deficit voted for ____Obama H. Does this seem to support or refute Hypothesis 1b? I. Fill in the following test values from the SPSS output: Chi Square: Cramer’s V Kendall’s Tau B: Kendall’s Tau C: J. Value: _______ Value: _______ Value: _______ Value: _______ ____ Support ____ McCain? ____ Refute Probability (Asymp. Sig.): __________ What do you conclude about hypothesis 1b? Explain your answer: _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ Hypothesis 1c: Voters who favor cutting military spending to reduce the Federal deficit were more likely to vote for Obama than McCain in 2008. In SPSS  Analyze  Descriptive Statistics  Crosstabs  Reset  Select V085044x and use the arrow to move it to the window for the Row Variable  Select V085076R and use the arrow to move it to the window for the Column Variable  Statistics – Select Chi Square, and all the Nominal and all the Ordinal tests & Continue  Cells – Select Observed Counts (default) and Column Percentages & Continue  OK K. What percentage of the respondents who favored raising taxes to reduce the deficit voted for ____Obama L. Does this seem to support or refute Hypothesis 1b? M. Fill in the following test values from the SPSS output: Chi Square: Cramer’s V Kendall’s Tau B: Kendall’s Tau C: N. Value: _______ Value: _______ Value: _______ Value: _______ ____ Support ____ Refute Probability (Asymp. Sig.): __________ What do you conclude about hypothesis 1c? Explain your answer: _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ____ McCain? Hypothesis 1d: Voters who favor cutting other programs reduce the Federal deficit were more likely to vote for McCain than Obama in 2008. In SPSS  Analyze  Descriptive Statistics  Crosstabs  Reset  Select V085044x and use the arrow to move it to the window for the Row Variable  Select V085077R and use the arrow to move it to the window for the Column Variable  Statistics – Select Chi Square, and all the Nominal and all the Ordinal tests & Continue  Cells – Select Observed Counts (default) and Column Percentages & Continue  OK O. What percentage of the respondents who opposed cutting other programs to reduce the deficit voted for ____Obama ____ McCain? P. Does this seem to support or refute Hypothesis 1d? Q. Fill in the following test values from the SPSS output: Chi Square: Cramer’s V Kendall’s Tau B: Kendall’s Tau C: R. Value: _______ Value: _______ Value: _______ Value: _______ ____ Support ____ Refute Probability (Asymp. Sig.): __________ What do you conclude about hypothesis 1d? Explain your answer: _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Issues in the 2008 Election Various voting behavior theories state that popular issues affect a voter’s vote choice. Below is a list of variables that measure public opinion on a variety of issues from the 2008 American National Election study. V085080x V085081 V085086 V085209 V085210 V085211 V085215x Has the income gap between rich and poor increased or decreased in the last 20 years? Do you favor or oppose limits on foreign imports? Abortion self placement scale. Do you favor or oppose the government’s handling of the war in Afghanistan? Do you favor or oppose the government’s handling of the war in Iraq? Do you favor or oppose the government’s handling efforts to reduce terrorism? Do you think that crime in the US has increased or decreased compared to one year ago? Use SPSS to determine which of these issues had the greatest effect on vote choice in the 2008 election. The following SPSS commands will create seven crosstabulations with the associated statistical tests – a lot of output! Wade through this output and respond to the questions below. In SPSS  Analyze  Descriptive Statistics  Crosstabs  Reset  Row Variable: V085044x  Column Variables: V085080x V085081 V085086 V85209 V085210 V085211 V085215x  Statistics – Select Chi Square, and all the Nominal and all the Ordinal tests & Continue  Cells – Select Observed Counts (default) and Column Percentages & Continue  OK A. Complete the following table with the appropriate statistical tests: Variable Chi Square V085080x Value: Indicate which measure is the appropriate measure of association and show its value. _____ df: _______ Probability (Asymp. Sig.): __________ V085081 Value: _____ df: _______ Probability (Asymp. Sig.): __________ V085086 Value: _____ df: _______ Probability (Asymp. Sig.): __________ V085209 Value: _____ df: _______ Probability (Asymp. Sig.): __________ V085210 Value: _____ df: _______ Probability (Asymp. Sig.): __________ V085211 Value: _____ df: _______ Probability (Asymp. Sig.): __________ V085215x Value: _____ df: _______ Probability (Asymp. Sig.): __________ B. Which issue most affected the voter’s vote choice during the 2008 election? Explain your answer using information from the table above. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________
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