Assignment Guidelines:This assignment must be in APA format. The assignment should be in paragraph form using complete sentences and avoiding bullet points and numbered list.Use a Level 1 heading to separate your sections (Page 47 of the APA Publication Manual).Title and reference pages do not count toward the total word or page count. Textbook and outside sources need to be referenced and cited in the paper.Essays: (at least 300 words per prompt)1. How is the Gram stain used to classify bacteria? How do antibiotics inhibit the growth of bacteria? Explain how carriers play an important role in the transmission of pathogens. Jan acquired a MRSA infection during a stay at a rehabilitation facility. Jan’s physician tells her that her MRSA was caused by S. aureus. How would you explain to Jan what S. aureus is and how it can cause diseases?2. Lou had abdominal surgery. During his stay at the hospital a catheter was inserted into his bladder. After returning home Lou was diagnosed with a nosocomial infection. What are the principle routes of transmission of nosocomial infections? What can be done to prevent nosocomial infections? What are three reasons why rates of nosocomial infections are markedly higher in developing countries? What are five things that increase the risk of nosocomial infection?3. What is the difference between a neoplasm, benign tumor, and malignant tumor? Identify four chronic infections that may cause cancer, and what cancer the infection might cause. Mr. Brown age 63 and Mrs. Brown age 61, are being seen in for a routine check-up. What cancer screenings should Mr. and Mrs. Brown receive (name at least 3 and why)?4. In Western societies, why is colorectal cancer the most common cancer, but yet there has been a decline in the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer over the last 40 years? Identify and discuss four nonspecific warning signs of cancer and which cancer the warning sign is linked to. Aaron is a 28-year-old who had an EBV infection during high school. He noticed one of his lymph nodes in his neck is swollen but is not painful. He is also experiencing night sweats. What is a possible diagnosis? Give some possible treatments for this diagnosis?

Discussion Question 1: For the past 10 - 20 years observational astronomy has been experiencing a somewhat unprecedented golden age of discovery that rivals those of any other science discipline. This was initiated by the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope in 1990 although the Hubble did not go into operation until the thing was fixed on orbit following a rather unfortunate engineering lapse that ultimately resulted in its primary mirror to be launched into orbit with an incorrect shape. It turns out that this was not because the mirror was ground into a shape that induced errors on its surface but rather the instrument used to measure the shape of the mirror during this process was not correct in its measurements per the telescope’s design. So the mirror was actually ground according to the returns from this calibration instrument which resulted in the mirror being ground into an entirely wrong shape. Oops.This explosion in research currently still underway in astronomy has put astronomers in an interesting position because there are not enough astronomers living on planet Earth to keep up with the demand of this high rate of data acquisition. So astronomers have decided that the only natural thing to do in this day and age to help in this regard is though crowd sourcing!There are a significant number of humans on this planet who would consider themselves to be amateur astronomers and many of them take this type of hobby very seriously. Professional astronomers have figured this out and thus encourage and even rely on this body of work to perform observations that contribute significant and valuable science. The only difference between a professional observatory and a telescope in someone’s back yard is…well…there is no difference really so the amateur astronomers have the same equipment as professionals if only bit smaller. On an annual basis then these contribute a valuable amount of science that is critical in helping to keep up with this demand and these folks make many new discoveries all the time including finding planets in other star systems. So you too could be an astronomer! Do a web hunt for tips on buying your first telescope. To research specific instrumentation that are cheap enough for public purchase while maintaining sufficient quality, use the links in the course menu called “Resources” to find a list of sites on this topic. There are certainly many more than are on that list so you are not limited to those. What kind of telescope would you suggest and why? Keep in mind such things as what you want to observe, price, portability, etc. There are a multitude of potential candidates for this assessment and not all of these are positive in their results. What are some important properties of telescopes and how does each property impact the quality of astronomical observations and data collection?