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Dr. MO
University of San Diego
MENG 260
Midterm Exam 2
Name________________
NOTE: Show all your work clearly. No work = No credit!!! DO NOT COPY YOUR CLASSMATE WORK=Cheating
DO NOT ASK OTHER PEOPLE TO TAKE THE EXAM FOR YOU: You will receive zero for plagiarism
1. Steam enters a turbine operating at steady state at inlet pressure of 8 MPa, and inlet temperature of
600℃ with a mass flow rate of 130 kg/min and exits as saturated vapor at 20 KPa, producing power at a
rate of 3 MW. Kinetics and potential energy effects can be ignored. (15 points)
Determine (a) the rate of heat transfer, in KW, for a control volume including the turbine and its contents,
and (b) the rate of entropy production, in KW/K, for an enlarged control volume that includes the turbine
and its surroundings that transfer occurs at the ambient temperature, 27℃.
2. Air enters a pipe passing overhead in a warehouse space. The inlet temperature and
pressure are 600 K and 600 KPa respectively. Also the mass flow rate enters the pipe is 700
Kg/h. At the pipe exit, the pressure and temperature of the air are 450 KPa and 500 K
respectively. Air can be modeled as an ideal gas with K= 1.4. Kinetics and potential energy
effects can be ignored. (20 points)
Determine at the steady state (a) the rate of heat transfer, KW, for control volume comprising the pipe and
its contents, and (b) the rate of entropy production, in KW/K, for an enlarged control volume that includes
the pipe and enough of its surroundings that heat transfer occurs at the ambient temperature of 25℃.
Based on your result elaborate if the second law of thermodynamics is violated or not. Why or Why not??
3. Steam enters a turbine operating at steady state at 30 bar and 500℃ with a velocity of 80 m/s.
Saturate vapor exits at 0.15 MPa and a velocity of 40 m/s. The elevation of the inlet is 4 meter higher than at
the exit. The mass flow rate of the steam is 11 kg/s, and the power developed is 8 MW. (20 points)
a) Determine the area at the inlet, in 𝑚2 .
b) The rate of heat transfer between the turbine and its surroundings, in KW.
4. Air enters a well - insulated horizontal pipe having a diameter of 2 cm with inlet temperature of
47℃ , and inlet pressure of 500 KPa. The exit pressure and temperature are 100 KPa and 300 K respectively.
Applying the ideal gas model, determine at steady state: (20 points)
a) The inlet and exit velocities in m/s.
b) The mass flow rate in Kg/s.
5. The initial volume for Nitrogen gas in a piston cylinder is 0.75 𝑚3 with an initial pressure and
temperature of 0.2 MPa, and 240 K respectively, which undergoes an internally reversible
compression during which 𝑃𝑉 1.2 =constant to a final state where temperature is 400 K. Assuming the
ideal gas model, determine: (18 points)
(a) The pressure at the final state, in bar.
(b) The work and heat transfer, each in KJ
(c) The entropy change, in KJ/K
6. With an ideal heat pump, determine how much energy can be pumped into a home, which is to
be kept at 27℃, from a lake bottom whose water is at 7℃. Calculate the coefficient of performance of
this heat pump in this situation. (7 points)
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HCC Anatomy and Physiology Case Study
Mr. Jones, a 58-year-old sales executive has arrived in Washington DC for a convention. He decides to go out with hi ...
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Once, the ambulance arrives, the EMT notices that Mr. Jones is sweating profusely and he is pale. The EMT immediately gives Mr. Jones, Aspirin, puts a oxygen mask and starts IV normal saline. If needed, other drugs can be given via the IV access.
As soon as Mr. Jones is brought to the Hospital, the ER nurse takes the vital signs and a brief history. An EKG is done and shows abnormalities, suggesting a MI. Blood is drawn to look for cardiac enzymes. Blood results are back and show elevated Troponin and Creatine Kinase, confirming that Mr. Jones is having a MI. His past medical history is significant for poorly controlled essential hypertension, poorly controlled Diabetes mellitus, Poorly controlled Hypercholesterolemia. His family history is unremarkable. He is a current smoker, has smoked 2 packs of cigarettes for the last 25 years and drinks beer on the weekends.
Vital signs
Complete blood count
Cardiac enzymes
BP- 160/110 mmHg
Hemoglobin: 19 gm/dl
Troponin I: 0.030 (normal < 0.012)
HR- 97 bpm
Hematocrit : 60%
Creatine kinase: 120 U/L (normal 25-90 U/L)
Temperature- 98 F
Leucocytes: 5800 cells/mm3
Platelets: 300,000 cells/mm3
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Mr. Jones was not compliant with his medications, made no changes to his life style. 3 months later, he visits his physician and complains of easy fatiguability, headaches, shortness of breath, unable to lie flat on the bed at night. He says that he has to sit up propped up against 4 pillows in order to sleep. On Auscultation of the chest, there are bilateral crackles heard. The physician concludes that Mr. Jones is in heart failure. He now prescribes Diuretics for Mr. Jones.
Questions:
1a
What are the normal values for PH, Erythrocyte count, Leucocyte count, Platelet count. ( 1 point each)
1b
What are the terms used for increase and decrease in PH? ( 1 point each)
1c
What are the terms used for Increase and decrease in Erythrocyte, Leucocyte, Platelet count? ( 1 point each)
2a
From the complete blood count reading, what can you infer about the hemoglobin and hematocrit? ( high/ Low) ( 1 point)
2b
From the history of the patient, explain along with the mechanism, why Mr. Jones has abnormal hemoglobin and hematocrit? ( 2 points)
3a
In the ambulance, why did the EMT give oxygen as soon as he suspected that Mr. Jones could be having a myocardial infarction? ( 1.5 point)
3b
What is the mechanism of action of Aspirin that is advantageous in Myocardial infarction? ( 1.5 points)
4a
Does giving isotonic saline change the osmolarity of Mr. Jones’s blood? Why/Why not? ( 1 point)
4b
What is the effect of istonic saline on the intravascular compartment and intracellular compartment? Explain ( 1 point)
4c
In this patient, what cardiac enzymes were elevated? Explain why troponin level is elevated in a Myocardial infarction? ( 1 point)
5
Mr. Jones’s EKG shows electrical abnormalities.
5a
In a normal EKG, what are the different waves, intervals, segments that you expect to see? ( 1 point)
5b
What does each wave represent?( 1 point)
5c
What is the significance of PR interval?( 1 point)
6a
What are coronary arteries? What are the branches of right and left coronary arteries? (1 point)
6b
If the angiogram showed a embolus in the left anterior interventricular artery, which part of the heart would be effected? ( 1 point)
6c
If the ventricle of the heart is damaged, in which wave/ waves of the EKG will you see changes.( 1 point)
7
As a result of the Myocardial infarction and death of the effected cardiac muscle,
7a
What happens to the stroke volume of the ventricle and why? ( 1 point)
7b
As a result of the change in stroke volume, what happens to the cardiac output and total peripheral resistance (R) ( 1 point)
7c
Why is giving a Beta blocker advantageous in Myocardial infarction ( 1 point)
8
Because, Mr. Jones, was not compliant with his medication and life style changes, he ended up in heart failure.
8a
Which side of the heart has failed in MR. Jones? ( 1point)
8b
Name a signs and symptoms of left sided heart failure ( 1 point)
8c
Explain in detail the mechanism of development of pulmonary edema in this patient. How do diuretics help in his treatment? ( 3 points)
9a
If the person is refractory to the heart failure medications, he can go into shock. What is the type of shock that you can expect in this person. What are some of the signs and symptoms of Shock? ( 1 point)
9b
Explain in detail the short term and Long term compensatory mechanisms that come into play as a result of the condition in question 9a.( 2 points)
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HCC Anatomy and Physiology Case Study
Mr. Jones, a 58-year-old sales executive has arrived in Washington DC for a convention. He decides to go out with hi ...
HCC Anatomy and Physiology Case Study
Mr. Jones, a 58-year-old sales executive has arrived in Washington DC for a convention. He decides to go out with his colleagues and has a heavy dinner. He wakes up in the middle of the night with a dull ache in the center of his chest. He initially thinks, it is indigestion from the heavy meal that he had, but the chest pain gets worse and now starts radiating to the left shoulder, left jaw and left arm. He remembers seeing on TV, that what he is experiencing could be symptoms of a Myocardial infarction (heart attack). He immediately calls 911.
Once, the ambulance arrives, the EMT notices that Mr. Jones is sweating profusely and he is pale. The EMT immediately gives Mr. Jones, Aspirin, puts a oxygen mask and starts IV normal saline. If needed, other drugs can be given via the IV access.
As soon as Mr. Jones is brought to the Hospital, the ER nurse takes the vital signs and a brief history. An EKG is done and shows abnormalities, suggesting a MI. Blood is drawn to look for cardiac enzymes. Blood results are back and show elevated Troponin and Creatine Kinase, confirming that Mr. Jones is having a MI. His past medical history is significant for poorly controlled essential hypertension, poorly controlled Diabetes mellitus, Poorly controlled Hypercholesterolemia. His family history is unremarkable. He is a current smoker, has smoked 2 packs of cigarettes for the last 25 years and drinks beer on the weekends.
Vital signs
Complete blood count
Cardiac enzymes
BP- 160/110 mmHg
Hemoglobin: 19 gm/dl
Troponin I: 0.030 (normal < 0.012)
HR- 97 bpm
Hematocrit : 60%
Creatine kinase: 120 U/L (normal 25-90 U/L)
Temperature- 98 F
Leucocytes: 5800 cells/mm3
Platelets: 300,000 cells/mm3
Jones is immediately taken to the operating room to do an Angiogram (procedure to visualize his coronary blood vessels) The doctors find a block in one of the major blood vessels and decide to do a angioplasty (minor surgery done to open blocked arteries).
After the Angioplasty, the, EKG comes back to normal and his cardiac enzymes are trending down. So, the physician decides to observe him in the hospital for 2 days. He is discharged on 3rd day, with advice to make life style changes and start medications: Aspirin, Metoprolol (Beta blocker), Simvastatin (for his high cholesterol) and follow up with his physician in his home town.
Mr. Jones was not compliant with his medications, made no changes to his life style. 3 months later, he visits his physician and complains of easy fatiguability, headaches, shortness of breath, unable to lie flat on the bed at night. He says that he has to sit up propped up against 4 pillows in order to sleep. On Auscultation of the chest, there are bilateral crackles heard. The physician concludes that Mr. Jones is in heart failure. He now prescribes Diuretics for Mr. Jones.
Questions:
1a
What are the normal values for PH, Erythrocyte count, Leucocyte count, Platelet count. ( 1 point each)
1b
What are the terms used for increase and decrease in PH? ( 1 point each)
1c
What are the terms used for Increase and decrease in Erythrocyte, Leucocyte, Platelet count? ( 1 point each)
2a
From the complete blood count reading, what can you infer about the hemoglobin and hematocrit? ( high/ Low) ( 1 point)
2b
From the history of the patient, explain along with the mechanism, why Mr. Jones has abnormal hemoglobin and hematocrit? ( 2 points)
3a
In the ambulance, why did the EMT give oxygen as soon as he suspected that Mr. Jones could be having a myocardial infarction? ( 1.5 point)
3b
What is the mechanism of action of Aspirin that is advantageous in Myocardial infarction? ( 1.5 points)
4a
Does giving isotonic saline change the osmolarity of Mr. Jones’s blood? Why/Why not? ( 1 point)
4b
What is the effect of istonic saline on the intravascular compartment and intracellular compartment? Explain ( 1 point)
4c
In this patient, what cardiac enzymes were elevated? Explain why troponin level is elevated in a Myocardial infarction? ( 1 point)
5
Mr. Jones’s EKG shows electrical abnormalities.
5a
In a normal EKG, what are the different waves, intervals, segments that you expect to see? ( 1 point)
5b
What does each wave represent?( 1 point)
5c
What is the significance of PR interval?( 1 point)
6a
What are coronary arteries? What are the branches of right and left coronary arteries? (1 point)
6b
If the angiogram showed a embolus in the left anterior interventricular artery, which part of the heart would be effected? ( 1 point)
6c
If the ventricle of the heart is damaged, in which wave/ waves of the EKG will you see changes.( 1 point)
7
As a result of the Myocardial infarction and death of the effected cardiac muscle,
7a
What happens to the stroke volume of the ventricle and why? ( 1 point)
7b
As a result of the change in stroke volume, what happens to the cardiac output and total peripheral resistance (R) ( 1 point)
7c
Why is giving a Beta blocker advantageous in Myocardial infarction ( 1 point)
8
Because, Mr. Jones, was not compliant with his medication and life style changes, he ended up in heart failure.
8a
Which side of the heart has failed in MR. Jones? ( 1point)
8b
Name a signs and symptoms of left sided heart failure ( 1 point)
8c
Explain in detail the mechanism of development of pulmonary edema in this patient. How do diuretics help in his treatment? ( 3 points)
9a
If the person is refractory to the heart failure medications, he can go into shock. What is the type of shock that you can expect in this person. What are some of the signs and symptoms of Shock? ( 1 point)
9b
Explain in detail the short term and Long term compensatory mechanisms that come into play as a result of the condition in question 9a.( 2 points)
ASCI 490 capstone paper
Ok guys, I have a capstone that is due and it is a paper. I am terrible at writing papers so I need help. This first quest ...
ASCI 490 capstone paper
Ok guys, I have a capstone that is due and it is a paper. I am terrible at writing papers so I need help. This first question is just picking a topic and proposing a submission for me to turn in. Each week, I will be posting a new question. I want to work with one tutor and one only so that it stays consistent all the way through. I am going to post all of the documents and rubrics with this. Also, my career is a Bachelor of Science in Aviation. This project needs to be consistent with that. I hope to start working with you soon!
University of Phoenix Assess and Decide Discussion
Has to have refirences and somewhat be in your own words. They are scanning the papers submitted to Assignment ContentYou ...
University of Phoenix Assess and Decide Discussion
Has to have refirences and somewhat be in your own words. They are scanning the papers submitted to Assignment ContentYour local newspaper has asked you to write at least a 700-word, two-part article regarding the National Park closest to your location.Part 1Identify the National Park. Describe its location, its general habitats, and briefly describe at least two plants and two animals found within the National park.Part 2Examine how these plants and animals adapt to their environment within the park versus outside the park in terms of population growth or reduction, as well as speciation.What is adaptation?What kinds of factors affect population growth/reduction?What is speciation? What causes speciation?Consider the following questions regarding changes in the National Park as you write your article: What has changed over the last 10 years? You can investigate temperature, habitat changes, invasive species, accessibility to natural resources, and so on. Have the changes been positive or negative? How have the animals or plants been affected by the changes? How has competition for resources affected the change? Submit your assignment.ResourcesCenter for Writing ExcellenceReference and Citation GeneratorGrammar and Writing GuidesLearning Team ToolkitCopyright 2019 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved.
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