Please do not copy from the internet Thank You1.How is electric potential energy similar to gravitational potential energy?How is it different?Where will an electron bound in an atom and have the largest electrical potential energy? 2.What is a transformer?Explain how a transformer works including specific details on step up and step down transformers. 3.Write at least 4 to 5 sentences on the different measurements that helped to calculate the speed of light.There are 3 specific experiments mentioned in your textbook. 4.Three equal-sized holes are drilled at the top, middle, and bottom of the side of a barrel filled with water.Describe the path (which is NOT speed) of water coming from each hole.Explain why water from the bottom home comes out the fastest5.What caused magnetic fields?What happens If you keep breaking a magnet in two until you reach a single atom? 6.What is an electric motor?Explain its operation. 7.State Hooke’s law.A spring will stretch 12 cm when a 250-g mass is hung on it.If the 250-g mass is hung on two identical springs, hung sided by side, and both support the 250-g mass, how much will each spring stretch.EXPLAIN. 8.Use 4 to 5 complete sentences, explain the concepts of beats and how beats are produces.Please provide at least 2 examples. 9.Why do atoms have relatively the same size even though they may have widely different masses? 10.What is the period of a soundwave whose wavelength is 20.0 m?Use values from the book and show ALL of your work. 11.A 60-V potential different is applied across a parallel combination of a 10-ohm and 20-ohm resistor.What is the current in the 10-ohm resistor?Show your work. 12.What is the power dissipated by a toaster that has a resistance of 60 ohms and is plugged into a 120-V outlet? Show your work. 13.A step up transformer has 250 turns on its primary and 500 turns on it secondary.When the primary is connected to a 200 V and the secondary is connected to a floodlight that draws 5A, what is the power output?Please show ALL of your work. 14.What is the mass of air in a room that has dimensions of 10m x 20m x 4 m?Use values from the book to show your work. 15.About how much pressure do the feet of a 6000-kg elephant exert on the ground?Assume each foot has an area of 0.10 square meter.Please show all your work.

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INTRODUCTION“Error analysis”is the study of uncertainties in physical measurements. There are no perfect measurements, and all measurements contain errors. If we measure something more than once, there is a good likelihood the subsequent measurements will be slightly different from the first measurement and from each other. Therefore, it is almost impossible to know the “true” value we are trying to determine.The best way to come closer to the “true” value of a measurement is to take greater care in making the measurement, use more accurate measuring instruments, and design our experiments in such a way as to reduce the measurement’s errors. However, we must keep in mind that experimental errors will always be associated to experimental measurementsERRORSThere are several types and sources of experimental errors:The accuracy limitations of the measuring device: For example a digital scale may be accurate to 0.1 g, 0.01 g, 0.001 g, etc., a precision analytical balance may be accurate to 0.0002 g or0.2 mg.Instrument errors due to calibration of an instrument.Reading errors: Incorrectly interpreting interpolated values; inaccurate readings due tofluctuating instrument read-outs.Uncontrolled environmental factors: Slight temperature or humidity variation in the laboratory may affect the measurements.Over-simplifications or inherent limitations in the experimental design: For example, we may not be able to achieve a totally frictionless environment in a physics experiment.Human errors: Reading the measurement incorrectly, or simply writing down the wrong number; reading a scale at angle may result in a “parallax error.”Experimental error is the difference between a measurement and the true value.  However, because we will know the true value, we have to make an estimation of this true value.QUESTION 1 Imagine that your team has been assigned by a construction company to measure the dimensions of an empty lot in a subdivision.  Briefly give examples of the 6 types/sources of errors described above and explain what you would do to minimize them.Two important concepts:  Accuracy and Precision.Accuracy refers to how close a measured value is to the true or accepted value. As the true value of the quantity is often not known, it may be impossible to determine the accuracy of a measurement.  Instead, we rely on estimated values.Precision (also known as repeatability or reproducibility)refers to how closely repeated measurements agree with each other under identical experimental conditions.These concepts are typically represented using the following bull’s eye diagrams:  QUESTION 2A certain gas is known to have a pressure of 9 psi.  We are asked to take measurements using two different sensors.  These are the results that we obtained after measuring the pressure of the gas 7 different times.Sensor 1:  9.8   10.010.3 9.7  9.9  10.1 9.8  Sensor 2:  9.3  9.5  8.6  9.0  8.9  9.2  8.5Do you believe one of the sensors is more accurate than the other?  What about precise?  Explain your reasoning.Percent error: This is the difference between the measured value and the real value divided by the real value. As we may not know the real value, most of the times we will use the accepted or estimated value. The percent error can be written as:The |Measured Value – Accepted Value|  means the absolute value between these two numbers;  this means to omit the sign.Example:  Measuring a 1.5 V battery twice gives the following readings:  1.63 V  and 1.37 V.  Calculate the percent error of each measurement.