Attached.

GENITOURINARY

DISORDER IN
PEDIATRICS

❖Student’s Name:

❖Institutional Affiliation:

GENITOURINARY DISORDER IN PEDIATRICS
➢ The genitourinary system comprises of the genital and urinary organs.
➢ The urinary system or tract comprises of:

• Urethra
• Bladder
• Kidneys

• Ureters

GENITOURINARY DISORDER IN PEDIATRICS
CONT..
➢ There are multiple disorders of the genitourinary system, ranging from the
asymptomatic ones to those with various signs and symptoms (Overview
of Genitourinary Disorders, n.d.).
➢ Some of these disorders include:

➢ Enuresis
➢ Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
➢ Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
➢ Cryptorchidism
➢ Urology refers to the branch of medicine that deals with the urinary
system in both systems, and the genital tract of the male reproductive
system.
➢ Nephrology refers to the branch of medicine concerning the kidney
(Overview of Genitourinary Disorders, n.d.).

ENURESIS

It refers to a condition
whereby a person loses
control of their bladder
control, leading to
involuntary voiding

Also referred to as urinary
inconsistence or wetting.

The loss of bladder control is
healthy for children under
the age of five (Urinary
Incontinence (Enuresis) in
Children, n.d.).

Research indicates that girls
have better control than
boys, making it easier for
health practitioners to
diagnose them first.

It may occur during the day
or the night as the child
cannot control the condition.

Although the condition can
be quite frustrating, it is
treatable.

As they grow older, they
should control their bladder
better. If such children fail to
control their bladder, they
may be suffering from
enuresis.

ENURESIS
CONT..

TYPES OF ENURESIS
a) Nocturnal (Nighttime) enuresis
•

It is the most common type.

•

Occurs during the night.

b) Diurnal (Daytime) Enuresis
•

Occurs during the night

c) Primary Enuresis
•

Affects children that have not mastered toilet training fully.

•

Such children have never experienced periods of dryness (Urinary Incontinence (Enuresis) in Children, n.d.).

d) Secondary Enuresis
•

Affects children that experience periods of dryness and bed-wetting alternatingly.

CAUSES
• Too much caffeine

• Anxiety
• Deep sleep, which prevents one from going to the bathroom
• Overreactive bladder
• Vaginal voiding, whereby one keeps leg too close, trapping urine in the vagina, causing
leakages (Urinary Incontinence (Enuresis) in Children, n.d.).

• They may be divided into two:
• Physical
• Diabetes mellitus
• Genetics
• Constipation which exerts pressure on the bladder

RISK FACTORS

• Defects in the structure of the urinary tract
• Urinary tract infection
• Dysfunctional voiding
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Delayed development of the bladder, which may also result in
a small bladder that affects its capacity

RISK FACTORS CONT..

• Pinworm infestation
• Attention deficit or hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Insufficient body supply of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) during
sleep (Urinary Incontinence (Enuresis) in Children, n.d.).

RISK FACTORS
CONT..

• Emotional
• Sexual abuse
• The disruption of families
• Pressuring the children to quit wetting their beds
• Low self-esteem
• Failing to give enough attention to voiding signals (Urinary
Incontinence (Enuresis) in Children, n.d.).

SYMPTOMS
• The symptoms vary for each child. One of the most common symptoms is whereby a child above
the age of five wets their bed or their clothes more than two times a week, for more than three
months.
• Research indicates that one in every ten children above the age of seven, one in every twenty
children above the age of ten, and one in every one hundred children above the age of fifteen,
have more than one period of nocturnal enuresis. A parent or guardian should seek medical
assistance either if:
• The child develops new symptoms.
• Their conditions worsen (Urinary Incontinence (Enuresis) in Children, n.d.).

• They may d...