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Running head: FEDERALISM AND CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY
Federalism and Climate Change Policy
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1
FEDERALISM AND CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY
2
Federalism and Climate Change Policy
Introduction
Policy debates mostly focus on the decisions made in the state capital, DC., but for
many American citizens, the alterations affect day-to-day life. Technically, the United States
upholds its traditional system of federalism, where state and local governments play a crucial
role in enforcing policies that affect the entire nation. The expenditure of both governments
adds up to approximately $2.9 trillion compared to the $4.3 trillion spent by the federal
government. Nonetheless, around two-thirds of the federal budget is transferred to individuals
or the lower-level governments. In this context, state and local governments seem to have a
more significant decision-making role than that of the federal government. They make vital
decisions and enforce policies, in areas like climate change, health, and infrastructure, that
shape the long-term outcome of the national economy.
Furthermore, state and local governments enforce laws that direct the coordination
of economic activities. They include labor market regulations, tax regulations, environmental
laws, and zoning rules. Also, policymakers decide on how resources are distributed to various
sectors, like Medicaid, education, and transport, all of which are crucial to the United States
economy as a whole. Technically, the federal government is mandated by law to conduct a
proper analysis of the policies it implements. Contrary, at state and local levels, choices and
decisions vary across different jurisdictions. For instance, in housing and transportation
policy, decisions made at state jurisdictions utterly affect the daily lives of residents.
Consequently, elements like inter-state mobility have reduced notably in the U.S., with landuse restrictions inhibiting people from settling in various areas. Therefore, economic success
requires successful policy-implementation across all levels of government. This paper
reviews the concept of federalism in climate change policy in the U.S. and its compatibility
with the demands of contemporary society. It evaluates the significance of federalism in
modern America and the changing dynamics of decision-making.
Beyond the Beltway
Eggers & O'Leary (2011) argue that the U.S. federal government can handle the
demands of modern society. “Washington, D.C. is becoming increasingly irrelevant. There is
no possibility of restoring sense, order, and management “efficiency” to many governments
without a substantial devolution of central power (Eggers & O'Leary, 2011, pp.52).” In
contemporary governance dynamics, the function of the federal government seems to worsen
by the day. Technological advancements have enhanced the efficiency of decentralized
decision-making, thereby diminishing the integral role of bureaucracy. Also, the change
translated to the dynamics of knowledge distribution in society, which discourages dedicating
decision-making to a single body. Nonetheless, decisions in sectors like coordinating defense
remain relatively centralized, but devolving power from...