Description
Write 20 slides on forensic nursing
Explanation & Answer
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BENIGN BREAST
DISEASES
D R . GE OR GE W. O. MU GE NYA
MB C h B , MMed, F C S (E C S A)
Learning Objectives
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To understand:
Symptomatology
of benign breast disorders.
How to conduct breasts examination.
Differential diagnosis of benign breast disorders.
Management of common benign breast disorders.
Introduction
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Breast problems are major reasons women visit
clinicians.
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Breast diseases in women constitute a spectrum of
benign and malignant disorders.
Commonest breast symptoms encountered by clinicians:
Breast lump.
Breast pain.
Nipple discharge.
Nipple retraction.
Skin changes.
Patients may experience two or more of these common
symptoms simultaneously.
…Introduction
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Benign conditions of the breast are relevant to
clinicians because:
They cause symptoms which require investigation and
management.
They are encountered in screened individual.
They may mimic malignant conditions.
They may be associated with an increased risk of cancer.
Young women are more prone to benign breast
disorders than older women, in whom breast symptoms
are more likely to be caused by cancer.
Breast Development
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Breasts are modified sweat gland that produces milk
under hormonal influences.
Embryologically it develops from downward
growths of ectoderm into the underlying
mesenchyme.
They form two strips of the mammary ridges which
grow in a line extending from the embryonal axilla to
the inguinal region.
In humans all the ridges involute except one on each
side of the pectoral region.
Further development occurs at puberty.
Congenital Breast Anomalies
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Athelia (absence of nipples)
Amastia (absence of breast tissue)
Results when the mammary ridges fail to develop or
completely disappear.
An extra breast (polymastia)
Extra nipple (polythelia)
Occur along the milk line, but can occur in ectopic sites
such as the back, the vulva area, and the buttock.
Accessory or ectopic breast tissue responds to hormonal
stimulation and may cause discomfort during menstrual
cycles.
These accessory tissues may undergo malignant
transformation and should be removed.
…Congenital Breast Anomalies
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❑ About 1-5 % of the population
have accessory nipples, and less
commonly accessory breast.
❑ Develops along the milk line.
❑ Most common site for accessory
nipple is below the breast.
❑ Most common site for accessory
breast is in the axilla.
❑ Rarely require treatment except
for cosmetic reasons.
❑ Subject to the same diseases as the
normal breast.
…Congenital Breast Anomalies
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…Breast Anomalies
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Congenital absence of breast
(Poland’s syndrome).
Massive breast hypertrophy.
Gross Anatomy Of The Breast
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Adult female breast is made up of 15 to 25 lobules of
glandular tissue embedded in fat which accounts for its
smooth contour and most of its bulk.
It varies greatly in size but its base is fairly consistent
anatomically:
❑
Extending from 2nd to 6th rib in the mid-clavicular line.
❑
Overlying pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and external
oblique muscles.
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Medially it...