Description
APA 7th edition citation required. Minimum 1500 words.
Abstract with keywords section required. (See sample attached)
You may use outside sources as necessary but be sure to cite the attached article used below.
Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC, also known as Racial and Ethnic Disparity (RED)) has been part of the JJDP Act for over 20 years yet arguably little progress has been made in reducing the rate of minority involvement throughout the juvenile justice system.
1) Using authoritative sources, identify and thoroughly explain two (2) factors outside of the juvenile justice system, such as education, poverty, illiteracy, poor nutrition, absent parents, etc., that impact the high level of DMC.
2) Identify and thoroughly explain two (2) means by which law enforcement or juvenile probation officers can potentially reduce DMC.
3) Specifically explain in one paragraph how our university’s core value of RESPECT applies to specific contents of the module.
Your response should go beyond the obvious and be written at a graduate level. Your answer must be no less than 1500 words and you must use at least three authoritative sources to support your position. NOTE: the use of only three (3) authoritative sources demonstrates a minimum level of acceptable graduate level work and is not exemplary or necessarily proficient. Your text is NOT an authoritative source. All sources must be properly cited using the APA style.
YOU MUST ALSO ADD THE URL (Uniform Resource Locator) OR the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) to the end of EVERY APA reference found on the internet.
Written assignments must be scholarly, not be written in the first person tense and must follow the current American Psychological Association (APA) format and style (e.g., double-spaced, indents, etc.) and include the following: cover page, abstract, discussion, conclusion, and references. The APA format can be obtained from the Saint Leo Library website, from the purchase of APA reference materials, from the commercial purchase of software templates, or from the APA web site.
Every weekly paper must conclude with a paragraph explaining HOW the university’s core value of respect applies to the contents of the current module’s assigned textbook readings. An in-text citation that includes a page reference must be included. A general statement about respect is insufficient.
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DISPROPORTIONATE MINORITIES
1
Social Factors Contributing To Disproportionate Minorities Contact With Juvenile Justice
System
Student’s Name
Institution Affiliation
DISPROPORTIONATE MINORITIES
2
Abstract
Children and adolescents of color are disproportionately represented in the juvenile
justice system as compared to their white counterparts. The DCM mandate has failed to address
the role of other factors outside the juvenile and criminal justice systems that contribute to the
overrepresentation of children and adolescents of color in the juvenile justice system. This task
focuses on the role of poverty and disproportionate school discipline in contributing to racial
disparity in the juvenile justice system. Children of color are more likely to live in poverty,
concentrated neighborhoods characterized by violence and high crime rates. High level of
poverty and lack of social control pushes these children coping subcultures such as gangs, drug
dealing, and prostitution. These children living in poverty concentrated neighborhoods also
experience physical and mental health-related problems that make develop delinquent behaviors.
Similarly, children of color are treated harshly and are more likely to be suspended or expelled
from school than their white counterparts. The harsh discipline practice pushes them out of
school and increases the risk of contact with the juvenile justice system. There is a need for the
juvenile system to use diversion programs and advocate for the needs of the poor children of
color to reduce recidivism and their contact with the juvenile justice system.
Keywords: Disproportionate, Racial disparity,
DISPROPORTIONATE MINORITIES
3
Racial disparity in the juvenile system is an issue of concern for most Americans. Children
from minority communities experience disproportionate contact with the juvenile justice system
than those from the majority communities. The latest data shows that children from the African
Americans experience a referral-to-court rate that is 3.7 times higher than the White arrest rate
(Mallett, 2018). African American children are also involved in drug law violations 1.3 times
higher than their white counterparts, while their violent index crime rate is 6.9 times higher than
that of their white counterparts (Mallett, 2018). The minority groups report higher arrest rates for
drug law violations, violent crimes, and are likely to be placed in the residential facilities for courtinvolved juvenile offenses than their white counterparts. Although African American youth
represent about 20% of the U.S. population aged between 10-17 years, they represent about 26
percent of arrests, 30% of delinquency referrals, and 45% of predication decisions (Mallett, 2018).
There is a need to address other factors outside the juvenile system that are responsible for the
disproportionate minority contact in the U.S. juvenile system. This task will address the issue of
poverty and disproportionate school discipline and explore how they promote increased minority
contact in the juvenile justice system.
Poverty
Poverty has been established to put minority children and adolescents at risk for factors
that are associated with delinquent behaviors and poor health development. The differential rates
of poverty and social conditions could be one of the significant contributors to racial disparity in
the juvenile justice system. The minority children and adolescents are more likely t...
