SNHU Data-Driven Research Questions Paper

User Generated

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Humanities

Southern New Hampshire University

Description

Competency

In this project, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following competency:

  • Develop data-driven research questions for addressing professional problems

Scenario

Congratulations! You have successfully made it through two rounds of interviews for an internal position that will focus heavily on research skills. The hiring team has narrowed the candidate field to you and one other candidate, and now they want to understand your process and rationale for creating research-based questions. You have been asked by the interview committee to present your process and rationale for creating one research-based question in order to exhibit your leadership qualities in your critical thinking about research.

Directions

Research Question and Process

Document your process and rationale for creating one research-based question that addresses the problem you identified in your previous research studies.

  1. Create a research question that meets the following criteria:
    • Researchable
    • Measurable but not too factual
    • Complex yet clear
    • Neither too broad nor too narrow
    • Has value for gathering information
    • Has relevance to your identified research problem
  1. Identify the problem your research question addresses.
    • Summarize the problem the profession faces.
      • Identify the most important factor(s) in the problem that your question was created to answer.
  1. Demonstrate how you developed your question through the following four steps:
    • Identify patterns of symptoms.
    • Analyze patterns of symptoms.
    • Investigate symptoms through research.
    • Hone question through multiple iterative drafts.
  1. Identify how to mitigate multiple threats to the ethical research process within your topic. Include the following:
    • When and how you might consider various ethical threats, including personal bias
    • How you might ensure these threats were reduced or mitigated in your question

What to Submit

To complete this project, you must submit the following:

Flowchart or Presentation
Create a detailed flowchart that explains your process for creating and analyzing a question. Alternatively, complete a different type of presentation that clearly explains your process for creating and analyzing a question.

Supporting Materials

Website: 40 Fantastic Flow Chart Templates
This site presents downloadable flowchart formats for specific Microsoft programs.

Unformatted Attachment Preview

Research Question Flowcharts Flow Chart 1 Example What is the topic you will be researching? •Online bullying in middle schools Research Question What is the problem you want to address? •What can be done to lessen online bullying among middle school students? What do you want to know? •If weekly classroom lessons about the forms of online bullying and actual consequences can help reduce the number of instances •Can weekly classroom lessons about the forms of online bullying and the actual consequences of online bullying help reduce the number of instances among middle school students? Flow Chart 1 Template What is the topic you will be researching? •Police reforms and politics Research Question What is the problem you want to address? •How are the police reforms subjected to politics within the department? What do you want to know? •In what ways do the politics within the police department impact the police reforms? • What is the impact of politics in police reform? Flow Chart 2 Example Topic Online bullying in middle schools Problem What can be done to lessen online bullying among middle school students? Wondering If weekly classroom lessons about the forms of online bullying and actual consequences can help reduce the number of instances Research Question Can weekly classroom lessons about the forms of online bullying and the actual consequences of online bullying help reduce the number of instances among middle school students? Flow Chart 2 Template Topic Police reforms and politics Problem How are the police reforms subjected to politics within the department? Wondering Is politics deep rooted in the police system? Research Question What is the impact of politics in police reform? A COMPARISON OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES USED IN SOCIAL SCIENCES Robert McCubbins SCS285 INTRODUCTION  New information is acknowledged by the society when the research techniques adhere to the established policies.  Mainstream researchers have smothered and dismissed concepts that have challenges the fundamental policies of research especially when guidelines are not followed.  There are two main research methodologies used in social sciences: qualitative and quantitative methods.  Research can however use mixed methods. CONT…  The quantitative technique which is rooted in the logical strategy depends on factual methodology for information and investigation (Babones, 2016).  On the other hand, qualitative technique is a subjective technique that relies on descriptive narratives for data analysis (Mohajan, 2018).  Blending the two techniques approach has of late developed and it consolidates quantitative and qualitative strategies to form another philosophy. Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice  Quantitative methods  Hands-on criminology research  Edge ethnography  Fieldwork  DAWN and ADAM CONT..  Program evaluation  Crime Statistics  Crime mapping  Crime reference and analysis  Crime classification techniques QUANTITATIVE METHODS  Relating to this quantitative relationship, researchers have studied the effect of compulsory arrest policy (independent variable) on future patterns of domestic violence (dependent variable).  In a study, scholars assessed the impact of arrest, compared to some other assent, on the future criminal conduct of the culprit (Woodward, 2016).  This implies that quantitative analysis includes a pattern of studying the relationship between sets of variables to determine cause and effect. LIMITATIONS OF QUANTITATIVE METHODS  People may fail to report some aggressions  Police records may exclude some crimes  Victims may also drop charges against their offenders.  Arrest practices also vary depending on state..  Laws vary from, state to state.  Analyzing the situation critically can aid in the realization of valid results. ADVANTAGES OF QUANTITATIVE METHODS  Despite the listed limitations, a researcher may choose to use quantitative research since it is more subjective, scientific, and satisfactory.  This method is used by scientists who have no clue of what’s in store before conducting a research.  It is used to characterize how to deal with a problem.  Other advantages of quantitative research is that it is progressively logical, less biased, control focused, repeatable and generalizable. QUALITATIVE METHODS  Qualitative research may be in form of observation, intense interviews, focus groups and case studies.  Qualitative studies should be devoid of objectivity and going native. The researcher should avoid over familiarity with a specific group of participants and forget that they are supposed to be a researcher.  An example of quantitative analysis is found in the study on residential burglary (Langton, 2017). The researchers conducted active interviews on burglars and gave insights on issues that may not have been realized using traditional methods. LIMITATIONS OF QUALITATIVE METHODS  Data may leave out some contextual sensitivities since it focuses on experiences.  Low credibility  The small size of the sample may affect result generalization.  Complex data interpretation techniques  Case analysis using is time consuming  Despite the shortcomings, researchers prefer this method in language testing research which is important in quantitative data analysis. ADVANTAGES OF QUALITATIVE METHODS  Qualitative Data is detailed regarding participants’ opinions  Findings are holistic  The researcher interacts with the participants’ directly and this way they get firsthand experiences on why they behave in a certain way.  It is also flexible since it can be used in any setting MIXED METHODS  Mixed methodology is a combination of both qualitative and quantitation methods.  For example mixed research can be conducted to explore public perceptions to reveal the relationship between crime perceptions of a place.  Peoples’ opinions are used to back up quantitative findings. CONT..  Mixed methodology researchers combines the strengths of qualitative research which are stated earlier in the slide.  The disadvantages of this method are that it is more time consuming, complicated and demanding.  Researchers prefer mixed methodology since it overlaps the strengths and weaknesses of both qualitative and quantitative methods while converging findings, minimizing pliable alternatives and elucidating divergences. REFERENCES  “Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice IResearchNet.” Criminal Justice, http://criminaljustice.iresearchnet.com/criminology/research-methods/. Accessed 24 July 2020.  Babones, S. (2016). Interpretive quantitative methods for the social sciences. Sociology, 50(3), 453-469.  Langton, S. H., & Steenbeek, W. (2017). Residential burglary target selection: An analysis at the property-level using Google Street View. Applied Geography, 86, 292-299.  Mohajan, H. K. (2018). Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related subjects. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 7(1), 23-48.  Woodward, V. H., Webb, M. E., Griffin III, O. H., & Copes, H. (2016). The current state of criminological research in the United States: An examination of research methodologies in criminology and criminal justice journals. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 27(3), 340-361. Data Consumer research Robert McCubbins Consumer insights  Looking at the evidence to justify the claims  Random sampling-testing a section of the population to confirm the claims.  Longitudinal research and random assignment Having enough information  Consumers can know that they have enough information when:  The information gathered helps them decide.  It protects them from making bad decisions and  The data gathered addresses their fears regarding products. scrutinizing the credibility of data  Consumers should ask: 1. Who did the research? 2. Why was the research conducted? 3. Who bankrolled the research? 4. Data collection methods. 5. Sample size and the sufficiency of the responses 6. If the research used secondary data? 7. Does it investigate the claims? Credibility of research study  Research Study 1: having an opinion about the justice system will lead to biased results that are tailored to vindicate the negative vibe about the police.  Research Study 2: If the researcher is from a minority group give a biased assessment of the results deliberately to provoke the system to react.  This is not the ideal situation since alternatively it could have also come from the government’s side. Ethical issues that my dent credibility  Disclosure- A researcher deliberately chooses what they want to disclose and what they leave out. Based on their opinion they may elect to leave out parts that are not an appealing to them.  Blind or double-blind studies-in this study both the participants and the experimenters do not know who is receiving specific treatment. They are used to prevent the placebo effect.  Cultural awareness-comprehending the differences that exist between themselves and others from different communities for instance attitudes and values. Ethical issues that my dent credibility  Humane treatment of subjects-in any experiment, participants are supposed to be treated with care. Anything short of this will render the research not credible.  Unethical structuring of studies-finding information using methods that contravene ethical provisions. The information and conclusions arrived a using such an approach is unethical. quantitative data-collection types   The most commonly used quantitative data-collection types in social sciences are: 1. Surveys 2. Questionnaires that have closed ended questions. They are proffered since they are cheap and take a relatively shorter period to collect data. The least used approaches  The following are least commonly used quantitative data-collection types in social sciences: 1. Focus groups 2. Direct observation. They are not preferred because they have a huge cost implication as well as take a longer time to execute. qualitative data-collection types  The most used ones are: 1. Observation 2. Group discussions 3. Surveys 4. Interviews They are common since they are cheap to execute and require relatively little resources to execute. qualitative data-collection types  The least used types in this category are: 1. Document revision 2. Longitudinal studies These two are expensive and take a longer time to be carried out. relevance of various data-collection types Classification of the data in each study  This is purely qualitative data collection as it entails categorizing, summarizing and interpreting the presented data.  An example of this approach is this approach is the focus group data collection methodology. The researcher seeks opinion of different people after which it is classified for further interpretation.  This collection approach fits well with my research question as it can be used to collect opinions about policing and criminal justice. REFERENCES Warner, J. (2019). The Brokenness of Broken Windows: An Introductory Statistics Project on Race, Policing, and Criminal Justice. PRIMUS, 29(3-4), 281-299. Copp, J. E., & Bales, W. D. (2018). Jails and Local Justice System Reform. The Future of Children, 28(1), 103-124. Schutt, Russell K. Interactive: Investigating the Social World Interactive eBook. SAGE Publications, Inc. (US), 2018. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Amy Blackstone. (2019). Social Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Methods . Boston, MA: FlatWorld
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Explanation & Answer

Attached.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Outline
Paragraph one: Explains why the research question is researchable.
Paragraph two: Explains why the research question is measurable.
Paragraph three: Explains the reason why the research question is complex yet clear.
Paragraph four: Explains how the research question is both broad and narrow.
Paragraph five: Explains how the research question has value for gathering information.
Paragraph six: Provides an explanation of the relevance of the research question to the research
problem.
Paragraph seven: Provides a summary of the research problem.
Paragraph eight to twelve: Discusses factors present in the problem statement that the research
is purposed to answer.
Paragraph thirteen to sixteen: Identifies ethical threats to the research and provides solutions.


Running head: RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Data-Driven Research Questions
Student’s Name:
Institutional Affiliation:

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RESEARCH QUESTIONS

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Data-Driven Research Questions

Flow Chart
Topic
Leadership roles and
organizational
performance
Problem
Leadership styles affect the
perfomance management hence
the organization performance of
Amazon?
Wondering

Do leadership styles determine employees
commitment to work?

Research Question
What is the impact of Leaders...


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