Respond to Stated Questions and reply to two classmates post. 250 words eachStated Question: What is new or different about cybercrime? How might the growth of cybercrimes shape the ways in which the Internet continues to grow in the future? How does public discourse represent the problem of cybercrime? Is cybercrime inevitable in a connected and globalized world? Is their evidence that cybercrime involves organized crime groups, or is it an individual criminal act performed by a lone person or a group of hackers?Classmate 1 Shankita:There is no doubt that the internet and the increased level of technology being used in our society today has impacted the world not only in a positive light but has also influenced the ways in which criminals commit crimes. As outlined by Moise in his article Aspects Regarding the Impact of the Internet on Society, the development and introduction of the internet have increased the occurrences of spam, identity theft, infringement of rights related to intellectual property, infrastructure concerns regarding access and interconnectivity, and opened the door to cyber space and the growth of computer crimes around the world (2014). In layman’s terms the idea of cybercrime is the same crimes committed with greater ease, and the ability to access information from remote locations across the world instead of having to sit at an actual device in order to steal information. So, while the crime is the same, the ease at which one can commit these acts has become increasingly more simplistic. The internet has brought tremendous improvement to many areas of society and created opportunities through its use for many to reach goals that may have seemed impossible before. It has been said that however the evil on the internet cannot be stopped, and for many this may seem true. Yet individuals will not be willing to give up the access to the internet and it has been said the internet security is a greater concern to the government than it is to the everyday user. From the eyes of government, the internet is described as an “ominous threat” (O’Neil, 2016). The challenge is to focus on the protection of the infrastructure, and design access in a way that minimizes the ability for criminals to gain access and raise public alarms. There is a need to focus on education and establishing criteria related to how one can protect information and solidify plans that focus on cyber security and the steps that can be taken to reduce the risks of cyber crimes (O’Neil, 2016). Legislation can only do so much towards this, and it becomes a point of educating the public and finding a way to increase their focus on protection, while also enjoying the benefits of the internet. In term of who is committing these crimes there is a mix of criminals who have found success in computer crimes and invoking breaches of cyber security platforms around the world. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime reported that there are numerous criminal groups that engage in organized cyber crime focuses on obtaining data and identify documents, banking details, in an effort to formulate crime plans focused on substantial financial loss (Fromiti, n.d.). On the opposite side of the spectrum, we have all seen scams that take place using technology and the increased use of social media to scam individuals out of money-making fake promises. We see reviews of online retailers who charge for products that never ship only leaving individuals empty handed after spending their hard-earned dollars. Cyber crime is at the hands of organized criminal groups, to the hacker that is out to cause a chaos and have a “little fun”. The public knows the risks that exist, and yet the positive effects of the internet and its development have overshadowed for many the risks. The push for more education, higher levels of investigation and increased legislation are the only manner in which we can begin to curb the influx of criminals that use the internet and technology in general to commit crimes. The expansive nature of the area they can cover and the ability to mask their locations makes investigating these crimes, and successful prosecution challenging, and labor intensive. ReferencesFromiti. (n.d.). Organized crime / Cybercrime module 13 key issues: Cyber organized crime activities. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. https://www.unodc.org/e4j/en/cybercrime/module-13/...O'Neil, M. (2016, July 28). Cybercrime dilemma: Is it possible to guarantee both security and privacy? Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/cybercrime-dile...Moise, A. C. (2014). Aspects regarding the impact of the internet on the society. Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, 5(2), 157-170. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.apus.edu/10.14505/jarle...Classmate 2 Sesan:Technology has connected nations, and the world has become a global village. Many socio-economic activities in most nations in the world today are aided by electronic systems through the Internet. Since the internet is accessible to all it becomes a fertile ground for cyber criminals to feast on. With recent developments in technology, cyber-attacks are increasing their sophistication; hence it is almost next to impossible to trace the attacks to its source. The availability of cyberspace; the integrity, authenticity and confidentiality of data in cyberspace have become vital questions in this century. Cyber security has become a central challenge for the government at all levels, private businesses, and other organizations as well as the society; both at national and international level. Cybercriminals are often external to the victim, but, one of the three most costly attacks is usually associated with malicious insiders. A typical insider cybercrime would be an employee stealing funds through automated clearinghouse, electronic funds transfer and/or wire transfer. Ultimately, organizations must protect themselves from external and internal threats, and risk. Cyber security incidents include theft of personal information, theft of intellectual property and Government data, hacktivism, denial-of-service attacks, search engine optimization poisoning, social engineering, advanced persistent threat, spear phishing attacks, malware targeting mobile devices and a resurgence of the Zeus Trojan, which targets financial information. Protecting against these attacks is a key challenge for organizations of all sizes for both public and private sectors. The advent of ‘information age’ has led to positive global impacts like easing barriers to trade, efficiency in communication or sharing ideas, and enhancing the private citizen’s ability to raise awareness for social progress, has also enabled criminal activity to pose serious threats to not only fellow individuals, but massive corporations and governments as well. This presents a ‘serious national security matter’ due to the effects that cybercrime can inflict not only on a nation’s informational security and critical infrastructure, but also on the global economy. Regarding the international system as a whole, cyber-attacks cause a major stumbling block for global economic growth due to its detrimental effects on innovation and the theft of ideas. Many small businesses without adequate protection are hacked without any knowledge of the act until their sales greatly suffer years later due to competitors gaining knowledge of the company’s logistics, target markets, or personal information. Therefore, as technological advances continue to spur on the efficiency in global commerce, firms must focus on protecting their personal and corporate information from information traders involved in the illicit markets of cybercrime. Owing to the dangers presented by malicious cyber activity, which also threaten the public safety, as well as the national and economic security, the cyber security agencies must strive to impose consequences against the cyber adversaries through the usage of unique mix of authorities, capabilities, and partnerships. All these are aimed at curbing the activities of criminals and nation-states who believe they can compromise U.S. networks, steal financial and intellectual property, and put critical infrastructure at risk without facing risk themselves. The FBI is the lead federal agency for investigating cyber attacks and intrusions. The agency collects and shares intelligence and engages with victims, while working to unmask those committing malicious cyber attacks and cyber activities.

1. Perhaps, more than anything else, agency executives what to know if a policy is being effective or if a recently started program (or even an existing program) is reaching the goals of the program and the target population (whether the program is directed toward employees or external constituents). Ergo, policy analysis and program evaluation & assessment are essential knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for effective and successful leadership. As the Captain of the Community Outreach Division, you decide to conduct an evaluative assessment of the Police Athletic League (PAL) program. Describe the process, steps, and considerations needed to evaluate this program. 2. Go to the Campbell Collaboration Web site at THIS LINK and access the Campbell Library (first link on the left navigation pane). Find a study that evaluates a topic of interest to you. What were the selection criteria used for the review? How did the researchers operationalize the constructs they were measuring (e.g., delinquency, recidivism, bullying, human trafficking)? What did the evaluative assessment conclude? 3. As the Chief/Sheriff, you decide to make a bold and perhaps unpopular decision both with officers and/or the public. You decide to end the D.A.R.E. program in your area. You have learned from research that there is overwhelming evidence that the D.A.R.E. program does NOT work (this, is in fact, the empirical reality). Rather than spending time, money, and personnel on a program that is not effective, you decide to implement a different program that has been evaluated and determined to be very effective and productive. It has been deemed to be a "best practice" and "model" program by many practitioners and researchers. The only remaining decision for you is which program? A list and description of available model programs can be found at the Office of Justice Programs (OJP) HERE and the Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence (CSPV) University of Colorado - Boulder HERE. Combined, these 2 sites list over 60 model/effective programs. Visit both websites and look over the possibilities. Select a program you would implement to augment the current efforts in the city/county you are serving. Briefly describe the program and why you are recommending it. Minimum word count is 300 words.

Campus Shelters: The following scenarios take place at a campus shelter during an emergency evacuation of the southern part of the state due to a hurricane.  The campus has been designated to temporarily house storm evacuees. Campus officials have restricted evacuees to one campus building, and one parking facility. The campus security officers are securing the facility, with further assistance provided by local police officers.  Scenario 1: Background Checks:  Campus officials have reduced the area available to the evacuees so that they may only utilize one campus building and one parking facility. However, campus administrators remain concerned about the safety of students living on campus and the security of valuable equipment located in the buildings. To satisfy these concerns, local police officers suggest running background checks on anyone utilizing the facility.  As the evacuees enter the campus, all adults are required to provide a driver’ license or a state identification card,  allowing local police plan to check for arrest warrants or prior criminal convictions.  Should the campus shelter agree to run the background checks? Are such background checks legal? What possible difficulties could arise? What would you do if the driver of a car has an active warrant?   Scenario 2: Search and Seizure Campus officials are also concerned about individuals coming onto the campus and selling drugs, guns, and other such contraband to students. To prevent this fear from becoming a reality, local police suggest bringing in a metal detector and canine units to subject evacuees to “airline style” checks of baggage and clothing before evacuees are admitted to the shelter.  Should the campus  officials operating the shelter agree to this policy? If not, what changes to the policy would you suggest? Scenario 3: Theft:  Campus officials have allowed evacuees to bring personal items into the shelter, for personal use. These items include cell phones, televisions, personal computers, electronic gaming devices, and portable DVD players. Shelter volunteers are now being barraged by evacuees who are claiming that their personal property has been stolen and are seeking reimbursement for the value of these devices.  Who is responsible for the loss?  Scenario 4: Prescription Drug Use:  Campus officials have set up a policy defining anything that changes the body’s function as a drug, and registered nurses at the shelter keep all drugs and require a state issued identity card or driver’s license (to match the identity to the prescription) to receive doses of medications. An elderly evacuee has left her medication with the registered nurse, but does not have a state issued identification card. When she goes to get her dosage, the nurse denies her dosage.  Was this decision correct? Why or why not? What about if an evacuee arrives without his medications, what should the nurse do? Scenario 5: Shelter Sleeping Facilities: Campus officials had originally planned to place cots in one large room for sleeping facilities for 200-plus evacuees. However, the school has recently sold all their spare cots on E-Bay, and replacement cots are not available.   Campus officials then decide on a back-up plan, sleeping bags on the floor, with one person per sleeping bag.   Students are asked, and generously contribute dozens of sleeping bags to the shelter. Everything was running smoothly, until campus officials noticed two individuals violating the 1 person per bag policy, and asked them to promptly leave the shelter.  Was this the right decision, why or why not? What are the advantages, and disadvantages to having all the evacuees sleep in a large room than having smaller groups sleep in smaller rooms? Did the campus make the right call in allowing the evacuees to sleep in sleeping bags rather than in cots? Why or why not? Scenario 6: Emergence of a Biohazard:  Campus officials had received assistance from the Red Cross, including several medical professionals, 3 physicians and 5 nurses. The medical team was prepared to handle small biohazards, including needles from insulin syringes and injections, but it seems one can never truly be prepared for everything.  As stated previously, campus officials had decided to allow all evacuees to sleep in one large room to conserve space and allow other rooms for recreational activities.  One night, an evacuee proceeds to the medical station with what appeared to be an itchy rash. A physician on duty immediately diagnosed the rash as chicken pox, which is extremely contagious.  What steps should be taken to contain the outbreak and prevent further infection? What measures could have been taken in advance, so that staff members would be prepared for the emergence of a biohazard?