NRSM 535 American Commercial College Traditional Land Reclamation Method Paper

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NRSM 535

American Commercial College of Texas

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NRSM 535-01 GeoScience September 4, 2019 Restoration I — Field Trip 1 Location: Whiskey Gulch / Bluebird Trail West of Montana Tech Date: August 30, 2019 Background Area was previously subjected to intense mining activity. Most of the landscape has minimal vegetation and contains rocks + sediments that originated from deep underground. Mining activity in this area ceased nearly 100 years ago, but xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Traditional reclamation methods were used in some of the area approximately 10 years ago. These methods include adding lime and 18 inches of topsoil over the contaminated soils xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Methods - used 1m by 1m measuring plots • a 10 cm by 10 cm square represents 1% of the plot - random number generator is used xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxor the plot can be thrown without looking - Rock = xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx - Cobble = larger than thumbxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx - Pebble = smaller than xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx - To take a soil sample for measuring pH and scanning with XRF: • at least 5 small scoops axxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx • sample is then scanned with XRF xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx - pH sampling method: • need water and field pH meter - 4xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx • 20 mL of DI water is added to 20 mL oxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx • add probe to mixture, read pH • Reclamation standards require pH to be xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Results SITE 1: Untreated Site Coordinates: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Aspect: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Angle: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Elevation: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx - Minimal vegetation, mostly just rocks and sandy soil xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx - xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx - xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx - pH of the soil within this plot was 4.5 Table 1. Type and amount of ground cover present at untreated site Table 2. Amount and variety of elements found in untreated soil sample. Coverage Type Coverage Element Presence in ppm BMS 3% Pb 1800 Pebble 89.8% As 144 Cobble 5% Mn 8300 Rock 2% Zn 3700 Rodent 0 Fe 47500 Deer 0 Al 7500 Crypto 0 Cu 125 Litter 0 Overstory 0 VGC 0.2% Species + Coverage - xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx% Issues: - Large bush on barren area: - xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Endgoal: - Reduce xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx - xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx - Remove or cover cxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx SITE 2: Reclaimed Site Coordinates: 46 00 50 N, 112 33 33 W Aspect: 235° SW Angle: 9° Elevation: 5750 ft - Site has undergone traditional reclamation methods 18 inches of topsoil oxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx pH of the soil within this plot was 7.47 Species + Coverage Species Status Coverage Blue Flax Native 8% Spotted Napweed Invasive 7% Green Sage Native 0.5% Blue Bunch Wheat Grass Non-Native 20% Yellow Tuft Non-Native 5% Salsify Introduced 0.2% Hairy Golden Aster Native 1% Prairie Milkvetch Native 1% Pennymustard Non-Native 0.2% Sulfur Buckwheat Native 1% Dandilion Non-Native 0.5% Issues - Problem Plants: • xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx • xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx - xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx End Goal - Repopulation of: • Sagebrush • Rocky Mountain Juniper • Conifers • Douglas Fir • Aspen Table 3. Type and amount of ground cover present at the reclaimed site. Table 4. Amount and variety of elements found in reclaimed soil sample. Coverage Type Percent Coverage Element Presence in ppm BMS 0 Pb 48 Pebble 4 As 52 Cobble 2 Mn 716 Rock 0 Zn 152 Rodent 0 Fe 31300 Deer 0.1 Al 5200 Crypto 1 Cu 71 Litter 52.9 Overstory 0 VGC 40 Comparison of Site 1 and Site 2 Chart 1, XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Chart 1. Comparison of pH based on Site 8 Site 1, Untreated Site 2, Previously Restored 7.47 pH 6 4 4.5 2 0 Samples Tested Chart 2. Comparison of metallic elements found in soil samples from untreated and restored sites. Site 1, Untreated Amount of Element Present [ppm] 50000 Site 2, Previously Restored 47,500 37500 31,300 25000 12500 8,300 0 1,800 Pb 48 144 52 As 716 Mn 3,700 Zn 7,500 152 Fe 5,200 Al 125 71 Cu Elements Present in Sample Discussion xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx difference in pH measured at each of the sites. The pH of the untreated site was significantly more acidic compared to the reclaimed site, which is to be expected. The low pH found in the untreated soils can be attributed to the the introduction of sulfide-bearing minerals due to mining activity. Mining activity also contributed to increased metal concentration found in the untreated soil. The difference in the abundance of these elements can be found in Chart 2.
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Restoration I — Field Trip 1
Location:
Date: August 19, 2020
Background
The study area must have been subjected to no activities, it could have been a game park. The
general landscape is sloppy, without rocks, cobbles, peddles and crypto. The land is covered
with desert seasonal grass, the grass appears dry. There might have been mining activities for
the last 100 plus years. However, some oration of the land is bare and covered with sand.
The traditional land reclamation method used in some areas was done nearly 10 years ago.
These methods include the additional of lime and adding atop soil or 19 inches of the
c...


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