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Running Head: MATERIAL AND TEXTURE
Material and Textiles
Student’s Name
Institution
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MATERIAL AND TEXTURE
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Materials & Textiles
Lecture Guide: Chapter 2 – Acoustics
Fall 2020
Name:
NOISE vs. SOUND
What is the difference between noise and sound?
Sound is produced by the vibration of materials or objects, while noise is the excessive sound
that is usually unwanted and irritating to a listener.
How does sound or noise potentially affect the feel of a space? Can you name some
instances where sound might be an essential design consideration?
Sound and noise affect the space in which it is contained. Depending on the structure and
materials making a structure, sound may be absorbed, refracted, or reflected. This is important in
the design considerations as many structures require materials with sound absorption capabilities
to avoid echo and noise. For example, sound production and Studios require materials that block
sound from outside and absorb sound from the inside.
What is ambient sound?
Ambient sound is sound in a specific time and space and contains all sounds within that
particular environment.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND:
Define the terms listed below.
Echo:
Echo is sound that bounces of from services. Echo results from sound waves hitting the surface
and are reflected, creating a replica of the original sound.
Flutter Echo:
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MATERIAL AND TEXTURE
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Flutter echo is a type of echo that results from the random reflection of sound waves. This is
common when sound is made between parallel walls as sound waves bounce off rapidly from
one wall to another.
Frequency:
The frequency of a sound is defined as the rate of vibration of a sound. In other words,
Frequency is the number of vibrations per unit time.
Amplitude:
Amplitude determines how low or high sound waves vary relative to the average level of energy.
Reverberation:
Reverberation is the phenomenon in which sound keeps getting reflected, and therefore can a
single sound wave can be heard for a long time.
Focused Sound:
Focused sound is sound that is isolated and concentrated on preventing reverberations and echos.
RATING & MEASURING SOUND:
What follows are the certifications that govern acoustical systems, materials, and products. Fill in
each certification with the parameters of the test – what are the measurement thresholds? What
are the criteria for meeting optimum standards (if applicable)?
1. Privacy Index (PI)
The privacy index is a measure of speech comprehensibility. In this metric, speech with
greater than sixty is not private while that less than ninety-five offers confidentiality.
2. Sound Transmission Class (STC)
Sound Transmission class measures the amount of sound loss during its transmission.
Lower values depict a sound of high quality
3. Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC)
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MATERIAL AND TEXTURE
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The Noise Reduction Coefficient is a measure of the sound absorption coefficient of a
material.
Higher coefficient indicates higher sound absorption and low reflection
4. Sound Absorption Coefficient (SAC)
SAC is a percentage of the sound absorbed by a material. If a material has a SAC of 80, it
will absorb 80% of sound and reflect 20% of it.
5. Impact Insulation Class (IIC)
IIC is an indicator of how much noise is blocked by a service.
6. Speech Range Absorption (SRA)
SRA is a measure of how much of the generated speech is absorbed.
7. Ceiling Attenuating Class (CAC)
This is the phenomenon in which sound weakens as it travels over a given distance. The
optimal rating for Ceiling attenuation Class is thirty-five indicating a loss of thirty-five
decibels of sound.
Where is this information located on manufacturer websites? Look up an acoustic product,
record the name of the manufacturer, and the acoustic certifications.
CREATING A SONIC ENVIRONMENT:
How do designers use design programming to create acoustically pleasing spaces? What
are the ways in which designers "manage" the presence of sound in a space?
To design environment and structures that absorb most if not all of the sound, all materials must
have high Noise Reduction Coefficient. Besides, the materials have to be placed in a way that
does not encourage echo and reverberations. Designers must find an optimal b...