University of Oklahoma Understanding Acoustics Sound and Noise Vs Sound Questions

User Generated

Nqa_20

Writing

The University of Oklahoma

Description

You will have to read the PowerPoint file to answer the questions on the lecture guide. You don't need to google anything, all answers are on the PowerPoint file.

Unformatted Attachment Preview

CHAPTER 2: ACOUSTICS Materials & Textiles Adrienne Wright Fall 2020 Why are acoustics important in spatial design? The design program must identify the desired quality and (sometimes) characteristics of ambient sound in a space. (Godsey, 2017) FREQUENCY OF AIRBORNE SOUND HIGH PITCH AND LOW PITCH SOUNDS Amplitude Wavelength RATING & MEASURING SOUND PI STC NRC SAC [Sound Transmission Class] [Noise Reduction Coefficient] [Sound Absorption Coefficient] IIC SRA CAC [Impact Insulation Class] [Speech Range Absorption] [Ceiling Attenuating Class] [Privacy Index] 11 Creating a SONIC ENVIRONMENT LIVE SURFACE VS. DEAD SURFACE LIVE DEAD Live surfaces bounce sound off, or radiate it “Soak up” sound, trapping it in different around a room. areas of a room. MANAGING SOUND DECIBEL REDUCTION • Sound is measured in Decibels (dB) a unit named for Alexander Graham Bell using sound levels that closely match what we hear through our ears. • A decibel measures the loudness of a sound. • The chart illustrates decibel levels for various situations. 0dB is the “threshold of hearing,” 60dB is a conversation, 110dB is a nightclub with music, and 140dB is the point at which we experience actual pain due to sound pressure levels. SOURCE: https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/noisehearingconservation/loud.html MANAGING SOUND ATTENUATION • The weakening of sound over a given distance or due to absorption by materials. • Construction methods combined with application of acoustic or sound absorbing materials can effectively block the transmission of sound. • Floors, ceilings, and walls can be designed for sound containment. Working drawings should clearly specify construction methods in addition to material solutions. PRODUCTS TO MANAGE SOUND BE DISCERNING • Every material or product has some sort of acoustic properties and including them as a part of your design will effect the sound. • The structure + The surface materials = The Assembly. Assemblies are essential, but remember that volumes of space can also trap sound. • Manufacturers define testing procedures for their products and as a result, conditions for two similar products may not be exactly alike. For specification purposes, be sure to review the assembly that was tested in order to determine the rating is valid. Additionally, the assembly construction should be similar to desired construction methods on your own project. CEILING SYSTEMS • Usually a panel system, where tiles fit into a suspended framework. The “drop” system conceals duct work, electrical conduit, and fire suppression systems. • In addition to acoustical tiles, designers might also specify tiles faced in material enhancements to reflect additional light, resist moisture, and inhibit the growth of mold/bacteria. • Additional acoustic material may be required between the inner surface of the suspended system and the ceiling deck to dampen or deafen noise that travels through. This space is referred to as the “plenum.” • Banners, baffles, clouds, and covered suspended panels can also be used in the same capacity. WALL SYSTEMS • Much like acoustic solutions for ceilings, wall components are sold as systems with customizable frameworks and hold fabric or insulation and conceal sound absorbing materials (or assemblies). • The systems are often covered in absorptive material to trap sound or are acoustically transparent in order to reverberate sound in a room. • Construction methods provide for the dampening of “structure borne sound.” This is not a singular product, but an assembly of materials in wall construction that adds to your STC rating. (see fig. 2.6 in your book) • Banners, baffles, clouds, and covered suspended panels can also be used in the same capacity. FLOORS & DOORS • Many manufacturers have incorporated acoustic solutions into the products. • Solutions in this realm are more likely to be generic, like the specification of a foam mat or pad beneath the flooring surface. • Materials like cork, which is naturally noise abating may be placed underneath flooring to absorb additional sound. • The flooring material often dictates the type of noise abatement solution – which most proprietary products have addressed through in-house research, development, and design. • Door systems include various types of weather stripping and sweeps to deafen noise. For maximum privacy, insulated doors are used. SPECIFICATION & INSTALLATION • Specs are carefully written to ensure the desired material is installed completely and accurately, and in-line with project goals. • Be sure to conduct thorough research on your product. You cannot write specs without the testing material and (as a professional) installation details for that particular product. (refer to fig. 2.1 in your book) • Complex systems are typically installed by carpenters and installers recommended by the manufacturer. • In terms of installers, you most certainly get what you pay for. Many of the systems products available are proprietary and carpenters or tradespeople are trained specifically to install the components according to company spec. Additionally manufacturers may only work with proprietary parts only their installers are certified to assemble. Thoughts? How will you apply these considerations to your own studio project? CHAPTER 2: ACOUSTICS Materials & Textiles Adrienne Wright Fall 2020 Materials & Textiles Lecture Guide: Chapter 2 – Acoustics Fall 2020 Name: NOISE vs. SOUND What is the difference between noise and sound? How does sound or noise potentially affect the feel of a space? Can you name some instances where sound might be an important design consideration? What is ambient sound? CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND: Define the terms listed below. Echo: Flutter Echo: 1 Frequency: Amplitude: Reverberation: Focused Sound: RATING & MEASURING SOUND: What follows are the certifications that govern acoustical systems, materials, and products. Fill in each certification with the parameters of the test – what are the measurement thresholds? What are the criteria for meeting optimum standards (if applicable)? 1. Privacy Index (PI) 2. Sound Transmission Class (STC) 3. Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) 4. Sound Absorption Coefficient (SAC) 5. Impact Insulation Class (IIC) 2 6. Speech Range Absorption (SRA) 7. Ceiling Attenuating Class (CAC) Where is this information located on manufacturer websites? Look up an acoustical product, record the name of the manufacturer, and the acoustic certifications. CREATING A SONIC ENVIRONMENT: How do designers use design programming to create acoustically pleasing spaces? What are ways in which designers “manage” the presence of sound in a space? What defines a “live” or “dead” surface in terms of acoustics? In what ways is it important to strike a balance between the two in a space? MANAGING SOUND: Complete information related to sound management in the items listed below. 1. What is a decibel and what does it measure? In what ways could decibel reduction make a space more pleasant? 2. Describe “attenuation.” In what ways do construction practices and material application contribute to attenuation? (Hint: check the parameters for the CAC test) 3 3. How are products and construction practices used to manage sound? Describe an example of an assembly and materials or products that might be applied for noise abatement. 4. In what ways do spatial configurations affect the distribution of sound? • Rectangular spaces • Non-rectangular spaces • Cubicle spaces PRODUCTS TO MANAGE SOUND: Give a general description of each system. What are the typical components? 1. Ceiling systems 2. Wall systems 3. Floors & Doors 4 4. What are some other examples of acoustic material solutions? SPECIFICATION & INSTALLATION: Based on the information from Chapter 2 in the book, what are the three main sections contained in a specification? Describe the process of specifying, installing, and inspection upon project completion. Why is it important to be familiar with construction methods and material composition of specified products? REFLECTION: Were you aware of the implications of sound and noise on interior environments prior to this presentation? If so, in what ways did this add to your knowledge? If not, what was the most important aspect you learned about managing sound? How will you plan to manage sound in your current studio project? Based on your new knowledge, what kinds of problems related to noise do you anticipate? What strategies will you employ to diminish unwanted noise (or enhance desired ambient sound)? 5
Purchase answer to see full attachment
User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

Explanation & Answer

here it is

Running Head: MATERIAL AND TEXTURE

Material and Textiles
Student’s Name
Institution

1

MATERIAL AND TEXTURE

2
2

Materials & Textiles
Lecture Guide: Chapter 2 – Acoustics
Fall 2020
Name:

NOISE vs. SOUND
What is the difference between noise and sound?
Sound is produced by the vibration of materials or objects, while noise is the excessive sound
that is usually unwanted and irritating to a listener.

How does sound or noise potentially affect the feel of a space? Can you name some
instances where sound might be an essential design consideration?
Sound and noise affect the space in which it is contained. Depending on the structure and
materials making a structure, sound may be absorbed, refracted, or reflected. This is important in
the design considerations as many structures require materials with sound absorption capabilities
to avoid echo and noise. For example, sound production and Studios require materials that block
sound from outside and absorb sound from the inside.

What is ambient sound?
Ambient sound is sound in a specific time and space and contains all sounds within that
particular environment.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND:
Define the terms listed below.
Echo:
Echo is sound that bounces of from services. Echo results from sound waves hitting the surface
and are reflected, creating a replica of the original sound.

Flutter Echo:

2

MATERIAL AND TEXTURE

3
3

Flutter echo is a type of echo that results from the random reflection of sound waves. This is
common when sound is made between parallel walls as sound waves bounce off rapidly from
one wall to another.

Frequency:
The frequency of a sound is defined as the rate of vibration of a sound. In other words,
Frequency is the number of vibrations per unit time.
Amplitude:
Amplitude determines how low or high sound waves vary relative to the average level of energy.

Reverberation:
Reverberation is the phenomenon in which sound keeps getting reflected, and therefore can a
single sound wave can be heard for a long time.

Focused Sound:
Focused sound is sound that is isolated and concentrated on preventing reverberations and echos.

RATING & MEASURING SOUND:
What follows are the certifications that govern acoustical systems, materials, and products. Fill in
each certification with the parameters of the test – what are the measurement thresholds? What
are the criteria for meeting optimum standards (if applicable)?
1. Privacy Index (PI)
The privacy index is a measure of speech comprehensibility. In this metric, speech with
greater than sixty is not private while that less than ninety-five offers confidentiality.
2. Sound Transmission Class (STC)
Sound Transmission class measures the amount of sound loss during its transmission.
Lower values depict a sound of high quality
3. Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC)

3

MATERIAL AND TEXTURE

4
4

The Noise Reduction Coefficient is a measure of the sound absorption coefficient of a
material.

Higher coefficient indicates higher sound absorption and low reflection

4. Sound Absorption Coefficient (SAC)
SAC is a percentage of the sound absorbed by a material. If a material has a SAC of 80, it
will absorb 80% of sound and reflect 20% of it.
5. Impact Insulation Class (IIC)
IIC is an indicator of how much noise is blocked by a service.
6. Speech Range Absorption (SRA)
SRA is a measure of how much of the generated speech is absorbed.

7. Ceiling Attenuating Class (CAC)
This is the phenomenon in which sound weakens as it travels over a given distance. The
optimal rating for Ceiling attenuation Class is thirty-five indicating a loss of thirty-five
decibels of sound.

Where is this information located on manufacturer websites? Look up an acoustic product,
record the name of the manufacturer, and the acoustic certifications.

CREATING A SONIC ENVIRONMENT:
How do designers use design programming to create acoustically pleasing spaces? What
are the ways in which designers "manage" the presence of sound in a space?
To design environment and structures that absorb most if not all of the sound, all materials must
have high Noise Reduction Coefficient. Besides, the materials have to be placed in a way that
does not encourage echo and reverberations. Designers must find an optimal b...


Anonymous
I use Studypool every time I need help studying, and it never disappoints.

Studypool
4.7
Trustpilot
4.5
Sitejabber
4.4

Similar Content

Related Tags