Ashford University Globalization Discussion

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I am uploading the responses of two people. You have to comment on their discussion. Each should be at least 250 words.


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Discussion Forum Requirements Discussion Forum on Globalization For this assignment, you must use detailed statistical data, researched information and financial or economic theories to support the arguments that you will present in your text. Research an issue related to international trade or of globalization which has negatively impacted the economy of a particular country or region of your choosing in the past or in the present. You should include all of the following in your text, but can choose to incorporate more information so as to provide a more complete response: • Very briefly describe the country’s or region’s trade patterns with one or many of its important trade partner(s). You must use statistical data and factual information to address this question. • Briefly describe how trade has negatively or positively impacted the economy of the country or region that you chose. • You must integrate at least two economic concepts acquired in this class to explain the positive or negative impact(s) of international trade or globalization on the country or region that you chose. You can use graphs or equations to relate the theory that you chose. • Use the knowledge acquired in this class to make a normative assessment and propose a policy recommendation that you believe would help to mitigate the positive or adverse impact(s) of trade on the country or region that you chose. (This last question will account for a significant portion of your Discussion Forum grade) • While addressing your classmates, • Treat your response to your classmates as if you were addressing the question. As such, you should do one or more of the following: o Analyze your classmates’ posts. o Add relevant information or statistical data to your classmates’ posts. o Propose a useful counterargument to your classmates’ posts. o Propose a relevant and alternate position or information. o Also, please remember to be respectful. Post One: Negative Effects of Globalization in Nigeria I chose Nigeria specifically because I believe it to best highlight the cost of globalizaton. While I am a staunch supporter of globalization, I believe it is a process that must be monitored constantly to be successful. One of the refutation to the limitations on globalization that we learned this week involves environmental impact. We acknowledged that newly integrated developed countries may be taken advantage of due to weak regulation regarding environment and labor. We stated that this was short term and that as the nation developed so would its attitude and ability to monitor these errant behaviors. But we did not discuss the limitations of this assumption nor a proposed time frame. As I hope to clarify we did not discuss the absolute chaos that may be created in the interim time while globalization is being integrated. In highlight the chaos not as a refutation on globalization, but rather to bring forth the need for constant vigilance and involvement. As mentioned above there are many areas impacted by globalization. First, as we integrate the entire world into one global economy we move closer to maximizing the world Production Possibility Frontier. As every country is utilizing its resources and maximizing efficiency on the global stage we see the absolute potential this world has to offer. As more countries become consumers, we as a whole consume at a faster rate using up these valuable resources more quickly.While this leads to developed countries to invest in alternatives the shortage is most aptly felt by developing countries. These countries allow foreigners to devour their resources to fuel the insatiable global demand while not being justly compensated. Even worse the toll of these lopsided trades leaves environment devastation for only the host country to deal with. Second, as we consume we create waste, this waste has found its way to developing countries searching for revenue and with lax environment laws. Third, is the destruction of local culture. While not necessarily relevant I believe it to be an important factor in limiting the chaos during this transitionary period. While this sounds like a bleak outlook using an apocalyptic description I take you to Nigeria where these factors are all to apparent. Since its democratization in 1978, Nigeria has attempted to enter the global economy. The efforts to this end can perfectly be described in the title of an article from Yale "Has globalization failed in Nigeria?" The article continues "Oil pumped from the Niger Delta is loaded on supertankers and shipped into the global market, accounting for 3% of world production and generating substantial revenues for the Nigerian government. What has this connection to the world economy done for Nigeria?" As I discussed earlier, Nigeria has seen its natural resources removed while seeing little benefit to the total country. "Oil industry activities – exploration,production, refining, and transportation – have caused widespread social and ecological disturbances. Theseinclude explosions from seismic surveys, pollution from pipeline leaks, blowouts, flaring, drilling floods, and refinery effluents, as well as land alienation and widespread disruption of natural terrain from construction of oilrelated industrial infrastructure and installations. Oil producing areas in Rivers, Delta and Cross Rivers are most affected. The impact of the exploratory and extractive activities of global forces - Shell whose operation inNigeria alone accounts for 14 % of its total global operations, Mobil Agip, Cheveron, Texaco, Total, etc. - have basically affected the social organization of the Ogoni people and the Niger Delta in general.One major activity of these multinational companies that has a tremendous environmental impact is gas flaring.According to the World Bank, by 2002 flaring in the country had contributed more greenhouse gases to theEarth’s atmosphere than all other sources in subSaharan Africa combined – and yet this gas is not being used as fuel" If that was not enought the continued deforestation of the surrounding areas has greatly affected the water cycles. Nigeria has found itself to be the home of the worlds electronic waste. The world ships its electronic waste here as it is the cheapest way to dispose of it. These stockpiles create dangers for the locals and the environment. Then the actual disposal of these goods wreak havoc on the environment. Then in the interim HIV/AIDS was introduced to the public. This developing country does not have the capabilities of dealing with this disease. My recommendation to rectify this situation is not specific to Nigeria. I believe it to be the responsibility of the developed nation to hold developers accountable. I understand the need to look for the cheapest forms of production to increase profits under the ever lowering world price off goods due to the increased global competition. But I believe it imperative for nations hold these multi-national companies to the standards that are in line with the countries values. This cannot be done while penalizing the country for their lack of progress as it will halt their progress. TEMPORARY tarrifs can only gain the intended result if that country where to have the means to overcome it. The onus lands on the ones instigating these transactions. Where they to be culpable, their investment and trade may have the desired affect on these developing nations. https://oilprice.com/Finance/the-Economy/12-Negative-Aspects-of-Globalization.html https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abayomi_Ibiyemi/post/How_does_globalisation_influe nce_the_education_in_your_country_and_worldwide/attachment/59d62ac079197b80779892 1b/AS%3A340453451943939%401458181836314/download/GLOBALISATION.pdf https://insights.som.yale.edu/insights/has-globalization-failed-in-nigeria . 2nd Post: Boeing: Trade Between China-America The US and China engage in a lot of trade and China is actually America's biggest trade partner. In 2018, exports were 179.3 billion dollars and imports were 557.9 billion dollars. This makes the trade dispute between the two countries very interesting. During the course of the Trump administration, trade relations between the US and China have have become increasingly intense as the US has put tariffs on Chinese goods and China has threatened to retaliate against the US and in some cases, has actually retaliated by halting the purchase of American goods like soybeans which has had an adverse effect on American farmers who depend on Chinese business. In a New York Times article titled "Boeing may become a Target in a Trade War over Trump's tariffs", the vulnerability of the American economy to Chinese retaliation in a trade war is explored. The article points out that some American companies like HarleyDavidson and Levi’s may become targets to foreign trade partners who may seek retaliation in response to the tariffs imposed by the United States. It emphasizes that President Trump’s tariffs which seem to single out China as a main opponent when it comes to trade actually make companies like Boeing vulnerable to retaliation from China which is a large buyer of its aircrafts and it could hurt Boeing if the Chinese decided to cancel orders. It also addresses the effects on jobs in China if it decided to close Boeing’s new finishing plant that is set to be located in Shanghai as this move could eliminate a number of good quality jobs. Throughout the article, the effects of the tariffs on steel and aluminum are discussed and it raises concerns about China’s retaliation to these tariffs which could hurt Boeing but also ways in which these retaliations could hurt China because of their dependence on Boeing’s aircrafts among other reasons. Most countries have tariffs on various goods and one of its primary functions is to protect domestic firms or companies against foreign competition and also to help them compete with foreign companies. President Trump has signed tariffs on steel and aluminum coming into the United States, with an emphasis on China as is pointed out in the article. We have learned in class that tariffs benefit domestic firms but that they can also have negative effects on both the exporting and importing country. The ways in which an exporting country (in this case, China) can react towards the tariffs from the United States and how it could negatively impact Boeing and China itself are also discussed in the article. It points out Boeing’s vulnerability to China in the event of a trade war, stating that it sells 80 percent of its aircrafts abroad, a large market of which China is a big customer. This means that China could choose to hurt the United States and Boeing by putting a halt to its purchasing of Boeing planes which in turn would push the company to cut the rate of its production or slow production and lay off some of its mechanics. It also affects the firms that make components of Boeing planes as they will also lay off some workers. This idea expressed in the article stems from the larger idea that tariffs lower the well-being of the nation imposing the tariff, the opposing nation, and also world well-being. It also benefits the company or firm that supplies a close substitute for a certain product. This is because if China stops purchasing Boeing planes, a number of workers lose their jobs and also the price of steel and aluminum increases which puts a strain on manufacturing firms that use steel and aluminum in their products. China’s withdrawal from Boeing’s aircraft market also lowers the profitability of Boeing and forces them to reduce their production. The article also points out the impact of China’s move to Airbus if it actually decided to stop purchasing aircrafts from Boeing. The purpose of this move would be to make up for the aircrafts that would have been purchased from Boeing. This ends up benefiting Airbus but lowering world well-being because of the reduction in the production of Boeing aircrafts. This shows that tariffs may benefit domestic firms but could have negative impacts if foreign countries choose to retaliate and lowers the well-being of the country imposing the tariff and the opposing country as well. In terms of free trade, countries will find that the more trade that they engage in with other nations, the more wealthy and sophisticated that they may become as a result of the exchange of ideas, goods and technology. The consumers in a nation also benefit from free trade. One way to fix the trade situation between the US and China would be to reform organizations like the WTO and create better guidelines through which China will be able to participate in trade on the world stage in a transparent way. It would also be beneficial to the US and China to encourage trade with each other because it allows domestic consumers to be able to have access to products which they might not have a sufficient supply of be able to buy at a convenient price if there were no trade.
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Running Head: GLOBALIZATION DISCUSSION

Globalization Discussion
Student’s Name
Instructor’s Name
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1

GLOBALIZATION DISCUSSION
Response 1: Negative Effects of Globalization in Nigeria
Globalization aims to integrate economic decision-making on policies such as
consumption, savings, and investment, trade, among others (Letswa et al., 2018). Therefore,
globalization’s main idea is to create a universal market for the countries where they would
have equal chances of participation. This global market would open up opportunities for the
people by creating jobs and developing industries, among others, which would be a move
closer to maximizing the possible productivity frontiers of different economies. However,
only the developed countries have benefitted from globalization. In most cases, these
countries have taken advantage of the developing countries by exploiting their resources
without proper compensation.
The developing countr...


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