BIO 240 Cuyamaca College Early Land Plants Lab Report

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Bio 240

Cuyamaca College

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Objectives: Be able to define and identify antheridium, archegonium, protonema, sporophyte, sporangium, gametophyte Diagram the plant life cycle to show alternation of generations Recognize mosses and liverworts Identify and describe the function of sporophyte and gametophyte generation on mosses and liverworts Distinguish and describe the functions of moss archegonia and antheridia Recognize members of Lycophyta and how they are different than Hepatophyta and BryophytaPhylum Hepatophyta: Liverworts1. Examine a specimen of Marchantia. You can use the pictures in your book (Figure 27-9) or use google images and search for a live picture of Marchantia (not a drawing). The body of the plant is called the thallus because it is flattened and has little tissue differentiation.2. DRAW the thallus below. LABEL pores with correct terminology.Notice that the thallus is lobed. What human organ does the thallus resemble? ____________The thallus is the gametophyte portion of the life cycle. Early Land PlantsBio 240

Is the thallus haploid or diploid? _______________________What is the purpose of the pores? How did this allow plants to move onto land?3. A. Use half of the circle below to DRAW gemmae cups. (Search the images to find Marchantia with gemmae cups). These structures are produced by the thallus by mitosis. They are dislodged by splashing water and can form a new plant.B. Use the other half to DRAW the underside of the plant. Identify and label the root-like structures called rhizoids. You may have to modify your search to Marchantia rhizoids.Is reproduction in A sexual or asexual? ___________________________Are gemmae haploid or diploid?_________________________________A.B.

What is the purpose of rhizoids in B?Now modify your search to Marchantia gametangia. Look for images with archegonia and antheridia. On male thallus, antheridiophores look like umbrellas and the antheridia, which produce sperm, are within the flattened splash platform of the umbrella. Draw the A. antheridiophores and the B. antheridia in the circle below. (Note, the antheridia are microscopic, so you should find a picture of a microscope slide of the structure.)A.B.What is the purpose of rhizoids in B?Now modify your search to Marchantia gametangia. Look for images with archegonia and antheridia. On male thallus, antheridiophores look like umbrellas and the antheridia, which produce sperm, are within the flattened splash platform of the umbrella. Draw the A. antheridiophores and the B. antheridia in the circle below. (Note, the antheridia are microscopic, so you should find a picture of a microscope slide of the structure.)A.B.

On female thallus, the archegoniaphores look like umbrellas without the fabric and only ribs remaining. Underneath the ribs are the archegonia, where eggs are produced. Draw the A. archegoniaphores and the B. archegonia in the circle below, using the same method as above.A.B.

Phylum Bryophyta: Mosses1. Examine an image of Polytrichum or Sphagnum, using google images. Notice the leaf-like organs are arranged somewhat radially around the stem-like axis. This is the gametophyte generation. Look at a stalk of the sporophyte. Locate the sporangium at the tip of the sporophyte. Google, “moss sporophyte cross section (Drawing B). 2. DRAW and LABEL: A. the gametophyte and sporophyte generation and the rootlike rhizoids at the base of the plant.B. Close-up of tip of sporophyte, capsule, peristomal teeth, sporesA.Is the gametophyte generation haploid or diploid? _________________What is the function of the gametophyte generation? B.

Is the sporophyte generation haploid or diploid? ______________________What is the function of the sporophyte generation? Why is the sporophyte attached to the gametophyte?What is produced by the sporangium?3. A. Do an image search for a miscroscope view of moss antheridium.DRAW and LABEL: antheridia, sterile jacket and sperm-forming tissueB. Do an image search for a miscroscope view of moss archegonium. DRAW and LABEL: archegonium, long neck and slightly swollen base. Within the base, note the egg cell.Fertilization of the egg produces the diploid zygote, the first cell of the sporophyte generation.A.B.

What type of nuclear division takes place for the sporagenous tissue to become spores? ___________When spores are shed from sporangium, they are carried by wind or water to new sites. If conditions are favorable, the spore germinates to form a filamentous protonema that looks a lot like filamentous green algae.4. Do a search of a microscope image of moss protonema DRAW and LABEL: protonemaIs the protonema part of the sporophyte or gametophyte generation? _______________________5. With what you have learned in this section of lab, draw the Life Cycle of an organism from Bryophyta below. Make sure to label all of the different phases of alternation of generations, whether the phase is haploid or diploid and which nuclear division process occurs at each step

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Explanation & Answer

Attached.

Objective
Be able to define and identify antheridium, archegonium, protonema, sporangium,
gametophyte,

Antheridium
A male reproductive structure in non-flowering plants is called antheridium. It looks like a short,
thick, globular, or cylindrical sac.
Archegonium
The female sex organ in non-flowering plants such as ferns, mosses is known as archegonium.
An archegonium also occurs in some gymnosperms for example conifers and cycads. It has
flask-shaped structure that consist of a swollen base, a neck with one or more layers of cells.
Protonema
A primary, filamentous structure produced by germination of spore in mosses and liverworts and
develop into a mature gametophyte.
Sporangium
A sporangium is a structure in certain plants and other organisms that makes and stores spores.
Spores are haploid structure in organisms that help to germinate and form a new organism.
Gametophyte
It is a sexual phase in certain plants and algae. It develops sex organs that produce gametes,
haploid sex cells that form a diploid zygote by fertilization.

Diagram the plant life cycle to show alternation of generation

Plant life-cycle alternation of generation

Fertilization
Egg
Sperm

Zygote

mitosis
haploid
Gametophyte

generation

diploid

Embryo

generation
Sporophyte

mitosis
Spores

Meiosis

Recognize mosses and liverworts?

Mosses
Mosses are spore bearing land plants that are commonly found in moist shady locations. Moss
tissues do not have cells to move water, so they are called non-vascular plants.
Liverworts
They are non-vascular plants similar to mosses and do not produce seeds, fruit, flowers or wood
and they lack vascular tissues. They produce spores for reproduction instead of seeds.

Identify and describe the function of sporophyte and ...


Anonymous
Just what I was looking for! Super helpful.

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