Potential Stakeholders Discussion Questions

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DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:

1) Your business is planning to upgrade a vital piece of software that is used daily across the organization. Identify the potential stakeholders for this project and discuss some of the reasons why these stakeholders might influence the success of the project.

2) Chapter 2 presents three fundamental forms of organizational structure: functional, project, and matrix. Suppose you are responsible for counseling an IT company on changes to an organizational structure to address the growing need for effective project management in creating new software. (consider the advantages and limitations outlined)

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Chapter 2 The Organizational Context: Strategy, Structure, and Culture Projects and Organizational Strategy Strategic management—the science of formulating, implementing, and evaluating cross-functional decisions that enable an organization to achieve its objectives. Consists of: • Developing vision and mission statements • Formulating, implementing, and evaluating • Making cross-functional decisions • Achieving objectives Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Figure 2.2 TOWS Matrix Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Stakeholder Management Stakeholder analysis is a useful tool for demonstrating some of the seemingly irresolvable conflicts that occur through the planned creation and introduction of new projects. Project stakeholders are defined as all individuals or groups who have an active stake in the project and can potentially impact, either positively or negatively, its development. Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Identifying Project Stakeholders Internal Stakeholders • Top management • Accountant • Other functional managers • Project team members External Stakeholders • Clients • Competitors • Suppliers • Environmental, political, consumer, and other intervener groups Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Figure 2.3 Project Stakeholder Relationships Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Managing Stakeholders 1. Assess the environment. 2. Identify the goals of the principal actors. 3. Assess your own capabilities. 4. Define the problem. 5. Develop solutions. 6. Test and refine the solutions. Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Organizational Structure Consists of three key elements: 1. Designates formal reporting relationships – number of levels in the hierarchy – span of control 2. Identifies groupings of – individuals into departments – departments into the total organization 3. Design of systems to ensure – effective communication – coordination – integration across departments Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Forms of Organization Structure • Functional organizations—group people performing similar activities into departments • Project organizations—group people into project teams on temporary assignments • Matrix organizations—create a dual hierarchy in which functions and projects have equal prominence Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Figure 2.4 Example of a Functional Organizational Structure Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Table 2.2 Strengths and Weaknesses of Functional Structures Strengths for Project Management Weaknesses for Project Management 1. Projects developed within basic functional structure require no disruption or change to firm’s design. 1. Functional siloing makes it difficult to achieve cross-functional cooperation. 2. Enables development of indepth knowledge and intellectual capital. 2. Lack of customer focus. 3. Allows for standard career paths. 3. Longer time to complete projects. Blank 4. Varying interest or commitment. Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Figure 2.6 Example of a Project Organizational Structure Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Table 2.3 Strengths and Weaknesses of Project Structures Strengths for Project Management Weaknesses for Project Management 1. Project manager sole authority 1. Expensive to set up and maintain teams 2. Improved communication 2. Chance of loyalty to the project rather than the firm 3. Effective decision making 3. Difficult to maintain a pooled supply of intellectual capital 4. Creation of project management 4. Team member concern about experts future once project ends 5. Rapid response to market opportunities Blank Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Figure 2.7 Example of a Matrix Organizational Structure Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Table 2.4 Strengths and Weaknesses of Matrix Structures Strengths for Project Management Weaknesses for Project Management 1. Suited to dynamic environments 1. Dual hierarchies mean two bosses 2. Equal emphasis on project management and functional efficiency 2. Negotiation required in order to share resources 3. Promotes coordination across functional units 3. Workers caught between competing project and functional demands 4. Maximizes scarce resources Blank Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Project Management Offices Centralized units that oversee or improve the management of projects Resource centers for: • Technical details • Expertise • Repository • Center for excellence Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Figure 2.9 Alternative Levels of Project Offices Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Forms of PMOs and Control Three forms of PMOs, varying with degrees of control and influence include: • Supportive—low control; consultative and provide PM resources and training • Controlling—moderate control; requires compliance to adopted PM standards/processes • Directive—high control; directly manages projects Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Organizational Culture • Unwritten • Rules of behavior • Held by some subset of the organization • Taught to all new members Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Key Factors That Affect Culture Development • Technology • Environment • Geographical location • Reward systems • Rules and procedures • Key organizational members • Critical incidents Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved Organizational Culture: Effects on Project Management • Departmental interaction • Employee commitment to goals • Project planning • Performance evaluation Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Ltd. All Rights Reserved
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Explanation & Answer

Attached.

Potential stakeholders.
The stakeholders that would be involved are divided into two namely;
1) internal stakeholders
2) external stakeholder.

The internal stakeholders include, the management, other functional managers, the
accountant and the team members of the project.
The external stakeholders include the clients, competitors, suppliers and the
consumers, environments intervene political intervene groups (consumer,
environmental intervene groups and the political intervene groups)
Top management may include the president of the organization, the vice president(s),
the managers, directors and the organization operating committee.
The project tea...

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