This discussion is based on the assigned textbook reading from Lally & Valentine-French (2017) and unit presentations. Before contributing to the discussion, review the required reading and unit course activities. Initial posts are due prior to the end of day 4 and the discussions will conclude at 11:59pm (EST) 10:59pm (CST) on day 7. Select 1 prompt(s) from the list below for your initial response. COOSE ONLY 1 OF THE 4 Please provide thorough and well-developed answers for your initial post. Be sure to support your postings with specific references to the assigned readings, as well as any other relevant scholarly research you find appropriate. Provide some examples from the required text and/or an external scholarly source. You may add information from your own experiences to complement the scholarly information presented. The best initial posts are a combination of personal experience with academic support.Questions:Select one cognitive development aspect - concrete operational thought, information processing, or language processing - for middle childhood. Explain in detail the selected cognitive process as if you were explaining the information to a parent who is trying to ensure their child is on track for learning. (USLO 5.2 and 5.3)Select one theory of intelligence for middle childhood and explain it in detail. Then, describe how intelligence is measured in children. What would you tell someone who asks if intelligence tests are always accurate? (USLO 5.2)Describe Erikson’s fourth stage of development and Kohlberg’s stages of moral development. Include why this information is important for nurses to understand. (USLO 5.5)Describe the influence of peers in middle childhood development. Define and give an example of each of the five stages of friendship. Do you think any of these stages apply to adult friendships? Explain why or why not. (USLO 5.6)

Discussion Question:Locate a research article with a literature review on a healthcare topic that has been published within the last five years utilizing the library sources provided by Aspen University. After reading the article, report on its findings. How many articles were reviewed? What was the focus of the review? What were the findings? Be sure to cite your sources.

Assignment: Reciprocal InhibitionYou can decrease the frequency of any behavior through punishment, but why not give some thought to reciprocal inhibition? Reciprocal inhibition is the process of defining the opposite of the undesirable behavior and reinforcing the positive instead. Reciprocal inhibition can be useful for leaders in helping change behaviors aiming for high reliability. For example, instead of punishing errors, reward quality.In this Assignment you will identify where reciprocal inhibition might be used to improve patient outcomes in quality and patient safety. You will also recommend steps that will foster a culture of quality and recommend at least one strategy for overcoming the challenges of achieving a culture of high reliability.To prepare:Review this Week’s Learning Resources related to creating a culture of high reliabilityThe Assignment:This week’s reading suggests that reciprocal inhibition is a good strategy to change reinforcers in the health care system and that “culture eats strategy.”Considering your organization, or a health care organization you are familiar with, write a 3- to 4-page paper that:Describes how and where reciprocal inhibition might be used to improve patient outcomes in quality and improve patient safety.Explains how using reciprocal inhibition may be an improvement in the culture of quality. Include any steps that will foster a culture of quality in an organization to become a high-reliability organization.Recommend at least one strategy for overcoming the challenges of fostering a culture of high reliability.Note: Your Assignment must be written in standard edited English. Be sure to support your work with at least five high-quality references, including two from peer-reviewed journals. Refer to the Essential Guide to APA Style for Walden Students to ensure that your in-text citations and reference list are correct. This Assignment will be graded using this rubric: Week 8 Assignment Rubric (PDF). Your Assignment should show effective application of triangulation of content and resources in your conclusion and recommendations.Assignment: Quality Improvement in a Medical SettingImprovement in quality and safety should be considered a core organizational strategy. Leading that change is not always easy. A road map for change is helpful in managing organizational change. Kotter’s (1995, 1996; as cited in Joshi et al., 2014) model for change is a realistic framework to manage quality improvements. The eight steps of Kotter’s theory include 1) unfreezing the old culture; 2) forming a powerful guiding coalition; 3) developing a vision and strategy; 4) communicating a vision and strategy; 5) empowering employees to act on the vision and strategy; 6) generating short-term wins; 7) consolidating gains and producing more change; and 8) refreezing new approaches in the culture (Joshi, et.al, 2014, page numbers).In this Assignment, you will analyze Emergency Department data and other resources to identify areas where the care and services provided are not up to state or national comparisons. You will also address how you would improve the substandard performance indicators.To prepare:Analyze the Emergency Department HCAHPS Data and other resources in the Learning Resources.Emergency Department HCAHPS DataThe Assignment:The HCAHPS data for the Emergency Department would indicate there are areas where the care and services are not up to par, as compared to state or national standards.Using Kotter’s work as described in Chapter 16 of your text, and other change models from the reading, write a 3- to 4-page (excluding title page and references) analysis of the performance data for the Emergency Department, comparing the medical care and services to state and/or national standards. Provide recommendations for strategies to improve the Emergency Department substandard performance indicators.Note: Your Assignment must be written in standard edited English. Be sure to support your work with at least five high-quality references, including two from peer-reviewed journals. Refer to the Essential Guide to APA Style for Walden Students to ensure that your in-text citations and reference list are correct. This Assignment will be graded using this rubric: Week 9 Assignment Rubric (PDF). Your Assignment should show effective application of triangulation of content and resources in your conclusion and recommendations.