CON 3324 Troy University Gender and Media Discussion

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CON 3324

Troy University

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Description

Students will examine one of four music videos and discuss the influences of gender on communication behavior applying communicative theories/concepts. Chapter 8 discussed Gender and Media.

Instructions:

Imagine that you are a visitor from another planet. All you know about male-female gender roles and behavior you learned from a music video.

1. Choose one of the 4 music videos to analyze.

2. Identify the gender roles portrayed in the video. What are the roles for men and what are the roles for women?

3. Discuss the gender behaviors of the males and females in the video. Are the gender behaviors of the males and females affected by whether the singers are male or female?

4. Discuss the power dynamics (who has the power? who doesn't? is anyone portrayed as an object?).

5. Your 3-4 page typed paper should be error free and answer each question posed.

6. You should cite at least 3 credible sources of support using APA documentation style. You may cite the textbook as a source. You will need a reference page.




https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk00HCvHUVb...

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9CoOnJkIBMdeijd9...

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1 APA DOCUMENTATION GUIDE Based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.) (January 2010) Common Types of Articles Written in APA Format Empirical Studies are reports of original research. Literature Reviews are critical evaluations of material that has already been published. Theoretical Articles are ones in which authors draw on existing research literature to advance theory. Methodological Articles present new methodological approaches, modifications of existing methods, or discussions of quantitative and data analytic approaches to the community of researchers. Case Studies are reports of case materials obtained while working with an individual, a group, a community, or an organization. General Paper Format • Paper: 8 1/2 x 11 in., heavy white bond • Typeface: • Spacing: Double-space between all lines of the manuscript. • Margins: Leave uniform margins of at least 1 in. at the top, bottom, right, and left of every page. • Spacing and Punctuation: Space once after all punctuation as follows: after commas, colons, and semicolons; after periods that separate parts of a reference citation; and after periods of the initials in personal names. Two spaces after punctuation marks at the ends of sentences does aid the reading of the paper, but the using two spaces is not required. • Order of pages: title page with running head for publication, title, author's name, and institutional affiliation, (numbered page 1); abstract (numbered page 2); text (start on a separate page, numbered page 3); references (start on a separate page); appendixes (start each on a separate page). (See sample pages at the end of this document.) • Page numbers and headers: Number pages consecutively, beginning with the first page. On page 1, at the left of the header, type the words Running head: (not italicized); follow in all caps the title of the paper (or a shortened version of the title if it is very long). Subsequent pages require only the title of the paper. All page number should be located at the right margin of the header. (See sample pages at the end of this document.) 12-pt Times Roman. Use italics rather than underlining. Available at http://troy.troy.edu/writingcenter/handouts/APA.doc 2 • Paragraph indention: Indent the first line of every paragraph five to seven spaces (for consistency, use the tab key). • Title page: The title page includes five elements: title (in upper- and lower-case letters, centered horizontally and positioned in the upper half of the page), running head (at the left margin in the header), author’s name and institution affiliation (on separate lines, doublespaced after the title), and author note (if required). The title page, as every other page, should include the page number. The title itself should summarize the main idea of the paper simply and, if possible, with style, fully explanatory when standing alone. (See sample pages at the end of this document.) • Abstract: The abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of the paper; it should begin on a new page, with a header and the page number 2 in the upper right-hand corner of the page. The abstract should be between 150 and 250 words in a single paragraph in block form (do not indent). The abstract should be accurate, non-evaluative, coherent, readable, and concise. • Text: Begin the text on a new page and identify the first text page with the manuscript page header and the page number 3 in the upper right-hand corner of the page. Type the title of the paper centered at the top of the page, double-space, and then type the text. The sections of the text follow each other without a break. Do not start a new page when a new heading occurs. Each remaining manuscript page should also carry the manuscript page header and the page number. Levels of Headings Level 1 Level 2 Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading (also called Title Case) Flush Left, Boldface, Sentence Case Level 3 Indented, boldface, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. Level 4 Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. Level 5 Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period. Numbers Use figures (numerals) to express • numbers 10 and above • numbers in the abstract of a paper or in a graphical display within a paper Available at http://troy.troy.edu/writingcenter/handouts/APA.doc 3 • • • numbers that immediately precede a unit of measurement Numbers that represent statistical or mathematical functions, fractional or decimal quantities, percentages, ratios, and percentiles and quartiles Numbers that represent time; dates; ages; scores and points on a scale; exact sums of money; and numerals as numerals Use words to express • Any number that begins a sentence, title, or text heading • Common fractions • Universally accepted usage Use a combination of figures and words to express • Rounded large numbers (starting with millions) ex: almost 3 million • Back to back modifiers ex: twenty 6-year-olds Treat ordinal (first, second, etc.) numbers as you would cardinal (one, two, etc.) numbers. In-Text Citations Document your study throughout the text by citing parenthetically the author and date of the works you used in your research. This style of citation briefly identifies the source for readers and enables them to locate the source of information in the alphabetical reference list at the end of the article. You should cite the work of those individuals whose ideas, theories, or research has directly influenced your work. For a discussion of citing and plagiarism, see Chapter 6 of the 6th edition. Whether paraphrasing or quoting an author directly, you must credit the source. For a direct quotation in the text, give the author, year, and page number in parentheses. Include a complete reference in the reference list. When paraphrasing or referring to an idea contained in another work, you are not required to provide a page number. Nevertheless, you are encouraged to do so, especially when it would help an interested reader locate the relevant passage in a long or complex text. For electronic sources that do not provide page numbers, use the paragraph number, if available, preceded by the ¶ symbol or the abbreviation para. If neither paragraph nor page numbers are visible, cite the heading and the location of the paragraph following it to direct the reader to the location of the material (Ex: Beutler, 2000, Conclusion section, para. 1). If the name of the author appears as part of the narrative, cite only the year of publication in parentheses. Ex: Walker (2000) compared reaction times Otherwise, place both the name and the year, separated by a comma, in parentheses. Ex: In a recent study of reaction times (Walker, 2000) Available at http://troy.troy.edu/writingcenter/handouts/APA.doc 4 Direct Quotations: Although APA recommends paraphrasing and/or summarizing, in some instances direct quotations are more appropriate or effective. Material directly quoted from another author's work should be reproduced word for word. Incorporate a short quotation (fewer than 40 words) in text, and enclose the quotation with double quotation marks. Display a quotation of 40 or more words in a freestanding block of typewritten lines, and omit the quotation marks. Start such a block quotation on a new line, and indent it one-half inch from the left margin (in the same position as a new paragraph). If there are additional paragraphs within the quotation, indent the first line of each one-half inch from the margin of the quotation. Type the entire quotation double spaced. At the end of the block quotation, cite the quoted source and the page or paragraph number in parentheses after the final punctuation mark. Multiple Authors: When a work has two authors, always cite both names every time the reference occurs in the text. When a work has three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs; in subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. (not italicized and with a period after al) and the year if it is the first citation of the reference within the paragraph. When a work has six or more authors, cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al. (not italicized and with a period after al) and the year for the first and subsequent citations. (In the reference list, however, provide the initials and surnames of the first six authors, and shorten any remaining authors to et al.). Join the names in parenthetical material and in the reference list by an ampersand (&). Examples of Reference Entries Periodicals: General reference form: Author,A.A., Author, B. B., & Author, C.C. (year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, xx, pp-pp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxx DOI is the digital object identifier assigned to content that is retrieved online. If the article used has no DOI, then give the page URL for the document: http://www.xxxxxx Notice that there is no period after the DOI number or the URL. Journal Article with DOI Available at http://troy.troy.edu/writingcenter/handouts/APA.doc 5 Herbst-Damm, K. L., & Kulik, J.A. (2005). Volunteer support, marital status, and the survival times of terminally ill patients. Health Psychology, 24, 225-229. doi:10.1037/02786133.24.2.225 Journal article without DOI (when DOI is not available) Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38-48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap Light, M. A., & Light, I. H. (2008). The geographic expansion of Mexican immigration in the United States and its implications for local law enforcement. Law Enforcement Executive Forum Journal, 8(1), 73-82. Note: The issue number of the journal is included in parentheses following the volume number. Magazine Article Chamberlin, J., Novotney, A., Packard, E., & Price, M. (2003, May). Enhancing worker wellbeing: Occupational health psychologists convene to share their research on work, stress, and health. Monitor on Psychology, 39(5), 26-29. Online Magazine Article Clay, R. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the misuse of research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6). Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/monitor Newsletter Article, No Author Six sites meet for comprehensive anti-gang initiative conference. (2006, November/December). OJJDP News @ a Glance. Retrieved from http://www.ncjrs.gov/html/ojjdp/news_at_a_glance/216684/topstory.html Newspaper Article Available at http://troy.troy.edu/writingcenter/handouts/APA.doc 6 Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The Washington Post, pp. A1, A4. Note: Use the abbreviation p. or pp. before the pages of a newspaper article. Books, Reference Books, and Book Chapters: General reference forms: Author, A. A. (1967). Title of work. Location: Publisher. Editor, A. A. (Ed.) (1986). Title of work. Location: Publisher. Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (1995). Title of chapter. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher. Entire Book, Print Version Shotton, M. A. (1989). Computer addiction? A study of computer dependency. London, England: Taylor & Francis. Electronic Version of a Printed Book Shotton, M. A. (1989). Computer addiction? A study of computer dependency [DX Reader version]. Retrieved from http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/html/index.asp Electronic-Only Book O’Keefe, E. (n.d.). Egoism & the crisis in Western values. Retrieved from http://www.onlineoriginals.com/showitem.asp?itemID=135 Note: n.d. means no publication date given. Book Chapter, Print Version Haybron, D. M. (2008). Philosophy and the science of subjective well-being. In M. Eid & R. J. Larsen (Eds.), The science of subjective well-being (pp. 17-43). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Available at http://troy.troy.edu/writingcenter/handouts/APA.doc 7 Reference Book VandenBos, G. R. (Ed.). (2007). APA dictionary of psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Entry in an Online Reference Work, No Author or Editor Heuristic. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary (11th ed.). Retrieved from http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/heuristic Note: n.d. means no publication date given. Audiovisual Media: General Forms: Producer, A. A. (Producer), & Director, B. B. (Director). (Year). Title of motion picture [Motion picture]. Country of origin: Studio. Writer, A. (Copyright year). Title of song [Recorded by B. B. Artist if different from writer]. On Title of album [Medium of recording: CD, record, cassette, etc.]. Location: Label. (Date of recording if different from song copyright date). Video American Psychological Association. (Producer). (2000). Responding therapeutically to patient expressions of sexual attraction [DVD]. Available from http://www.apa.org/videos/ Single Episode from a Television Series Egan, D. (Writer), & Alexander, J. (Director). (2005). Failure to communicate [Television series episode]. In D. Shore (Executive Producer), House. New York, NY: Fox Broadcasting. Music Recording lang, k.d. (2008). Shadow and the frame. On Watershed [CD]. New York, NY: Nonesuch Records. Available at http://troy.troy.edu/writingcenter/handouts/APA.doc 8 Note: When citing music recordings in text, include side and band or track numbers: “Shadow and Frame” (lang, 2008, track 10). Internet Message Boards, Electronic Mailing Lists, and Other Online Communities: General form: Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of post [Description of form]. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxx Message Posted to a Newsgroup, Online Forum, or Discussion Group Rampersad, T. (2005, June 8). Re: Traditional knowledge and traditional cultural expressions [Online forum comment]. Retrieved from http://www.wipo.iunt/roller/comments/ipisforum/Weblog/theme_eight_how_can_cultural #comments Blog Post MiddleKid. (2007, January 22). Re: the unfortunate prerequisites and consequences of partitioning your mind [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2007/01/the_unfortunate_prerequisites.php Note that a blog post may contain a screen name as the author if only the screen name is given. Web Page with No Author Kidspsych. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.kidspsych.org Note 1: n.d. means no publication date given. Note 2: If an entire website is referenced, the citation information may be included within the text. Ex: “Kidspsych is a wonderful interactive website for children (http://www.kidspsych.org).” Available at http://troy.troy.edu/writingcenter/handouts/APA.doc 9 Available at http://troy.troy.edu/writingcenter/handouts/APA.doc 10 Sample pages, taken from the Publication Manual, 6th edition. (Reference numbers [2.01, 8.03, etc.] refer to sections in the Manual. A copy of the manual is available for use in the Writing Center, 124 Eldridge Hall.) Available at http://troy.troy.edu/writingcenter/handouts/APA.doc 11 Available at http://troy.troy.edu/writingcenter/handouts/APA.doc
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Explanation & Answer

Hi! this is the final job!! Have a nice day 😀

That´s my kind of night analysis: Outline
1. Introduction
2. Objectification Theory
3. Gender roles
4. Sexual objectification
5. Gender behaviors
6. Power dynamics
7. Conclusion


That´s my kind of night analysis.
In a globalized world like ours, technology and digital media have increased. According to
Edmond (2014), the industry of online music video distribution has become a key element in
popular culture. Platforms like YouTube and VEVO are the most popular for watching videos in
the United States. In several music videos, gender roles are portrayed according to established
stereotypes in our society. Several escolars have investigated the lyrics and visual content of music
videos. They have found that references to sexual objectification and sexuality are prevalent among
the videos studied. In the past years and also in the current times, sexual content and sexual
provocation are factors directly associated with mainstream music. Having this in mind, it is
important to be aware of the effects of this type of media and also to be informed about sexual
behaviors, values, and norms related to this matter. Exposure to music videos that include
stereotyped gender roles and also sexuality has been linked with an increased tolerance of greater
numbers of sexual partners, earlier ages of initial sexual intercourse, stereotypical gender attitudes,
greatest objectification of women, greater self-objectification, and tolerance of sexual harassment
(Karsay et al., 2019).
As mentioned before, researchers argued that objectification theory and social-cognitive theory
could explain those mass media effects. The first theory explains that women in Western mass
media are valued for factors such as sex appeal, physical beauty, sexual appearance, among others.
The second theory postulates that the character...


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