BIO 122 ACU Pharmacological Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Presentation

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BIO 122

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The assignment question is below, its an oral presentation. Please read the question carefully, check list and marking criteria. Please provide me script and power point as well. Thank you

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Australian Catholic University BIOL122 – Human Biological Science 2 Assignment 2 - Vodcast (oral presentation) Student Information Overview of assignment 2 Due date: Submit by 11:00am Tuesday 6th October 2020 Weighting: 25% Length and/or format: 5 minutes Purpose: You will have the opportunity to describe the pathophysiology and pharmacological management for a ‘person/client’ who has either diabetes or extrinsic asthma by making a Vodcast - these conditions have been identified as National Health Priority Areas according to the Australian Institute for Health and Welfare. This assignment will also help you to demonstrate effective communication in oral and written English language and visual media. Learning outcomes assessed: LO2, LO3 How to submit: Submit your Vodcast online through LEO by 11:00am Tuesday 6th October 2020, to the appropriate submission box under the ‘Assessments’ folder. Return of assignment: Marks to be released via the BIOL122 LEO site within 3 weeks of the assessment Assessment criteria: Marking rubric (at the end of this document) 1 Detailed description: • This assessment task requires you to make a 5-minute Vodcast presentation (a video with audio, written text and pictures/diagrams) about diabetes or extrinsic asthma. The Vodcast will be assessed according to the following: 1. Coverage of subject matter, 2. Accuracy of information, 3. Clarity of material and 4. Client background and referencing • Your Vodcast has to be about a specific ‘person/client’ who has either diabetes or extrinsic asthma. • If you are repeating BIOL122, your vodcast will need to about the topic you did not cover previously (eg. You need to choose asthma if you have already submitted a vodcast on diabetes) • You will need to create your own ‘person/client’ according to the following criteria*. • Please indicate the vodcast topic you have chosen in the file name (see checklist below). ‘Person/client’ criteria For example For example What is their name? What is their gender? What is their age? What condition do they have? (diabetes or asthma) Are they within a healthy weight range? Do they exercise? Phillip Nguyen Male 50 years old Type II diabetes mellitus James Mae Male 17 years old Asthma Overweight Underweight Walks once a week What is their occupation? What is their living status? Accountant Plays sport occasionally Student What is their family medical history? Phillip lives with his wife and two children Father died of complications related to diabetes mellitus Are they pregnant? Are they a smoker? NA Regular smoker What is their alcohol intake? Enjoys a glass of wine with his meal every night Metformin Fill in for your ‘person/client’ James is cared for by his single mother There is no history of asthma on his mother’s side; father’s history not well known NA Has tried smoking a few times NA What medications or Salbutamol treatments have they been prescribed?# *The examples listed in the table above are suggestions; you need to create your own ‘person/client’. 2 • You will then be required to answer a series of specific questions that relate directly to your ‘person/client’ and the condition she or he has. All of your answers must be specific for this person; marks will not be given where your presentation does not relate to the person you have ‘created’. • The specific questions are listed below. • Vodcasts are expected to stay within the 5 minute time limit. Presentations exceeding 5 minutes 30 seconds in length will not be listened to after this point. • You will need to research your topic; please ensure that you keep a record of any references that you have used. • You will be required to write an annotated bibliography as part of this assignment. An annotated bibliography provides information regarding how you used the research to support your assignment. • Your annotated bibliography may contain 5 to 10 citations. For example, you may have used the following journal article: • • Wu, Y. and Ding, Y. (2014). Risk factors contributing to Type II Diabetes. International Journal of Medical Sciences 11:1185-1200. I used this article to examine the risk factors for diabetes mellitus. It is a reliable source as it is peer reviewed. • To create your assignment: Use a computer and make your Vodcast with Powerpoint using the audio function: this produces a file that can be submitted to LEO. • It is expected that you will use some figures or visual aids to help enhance your presentation. • Your Vodcast should not exceed 50 MB. You will not be able to upload your Vodcast file to LEO if it is more than 50 MB. • The Vodcast needs to be your own original work; you cannot include YouTube clips or other videos as part of your Vodcast. • If you do not have access to a media source to make your Vodcast please contact the LIC. • Please be mindful that it can sometimes take 10-20 minutes to upload and submit your Vodcast file to LEO; please do not leave submission until the last minute. • LEO guides on how to submit your Vodcast are available on LEO. • It is your responsibility to check that your Vodcast has been submitted successfully. To do this you will need to go to a different computer, log onto LEO and open your Vodcast to check that you can see the visual material and hear the audio content. • To create your Vodcast with Powerpoint using the audio function, the following video from Lynda.com explains how to embed audio onto a PowerPoint file. http://www.lynda.com/Office-tutorials/Embedding-sounds/85084/90680-4.html Please access this link as it is possible for the audio recording to be saved to your hard drive rather than your Vodcast file. 3 Check-list for this assignment ☐ I have chosen a condition (either diabetes or asthma). ☐ If I am a repeating student I have chosen the condition I did not previously do. ☐ I have created a ‘person/client’ based on the criteria listed in the table above. ☐ I have researched the condition that my ‘person/client’ has been diagnosed with. ☐ I have answered the specific questions that were made available on LEO and all my answers are related to my particular person/client. ☐ I have used the answers to these specific questions in making my Vodcast. ☐ I have used an annotated bibliography at the end of my presentation. ☐ My Vodcast does not exceed 50 MB. ☐ My Vodcast does not contain any other YouTube clips or videos. ☐ My Vodcast is within the required 5 minute duration. ☐ I have named my file in a way that indicates the vodcast topic e.g. JSmith_DM Abbrievations for naming: DM (Diabetes), Asth (Asthma) ☐ I have checked my submitted Vodcast file using a different computer; the visual material is working and I can hear the audio content. ☐ I have read the marking scheme outlined in the vodcast information on LEO (also listed at the end of this document) 4 STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS: Diabetes Vodcast questions You will have the opportunity to describe the pathophysiology and pharmacological management for a person/client with either type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus or gestational diabetes. We would like you to show your understanding by making explicit the links between pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and pharmacological management of your person/client’s disease; your target audience is health professionals (eg. Nurse, paramedic, midwife, all of which should have roughly the same base knowledge). Your answers to these questions will be used to grade the ‘coverage of subject matter’ and ‘accuracy of information’ sections of your Vodcast assignment (see marking rubric provided at the end of this document). At the beginning of your Vodcast you need to set the scene within the first minute – tell us about your person/client (refer to the Unit Outline for the details required). Then proceed to answer the following questions. Please state clearly which type of diabetes your patient/client has when describing them at the start of the recording. You must answer the 4 questions below: Question 1. Explain the following physiological processes that are important for blood glucose control: • Insulin synthesis and release • Insulin binding to target tissues Question 2. Explain the pathophysiological basis for the type of diabetes your person/client has. Compare this to one other type of diabetes. Question 3. Answer both parts (a) and (b) (a) Explain how long-term control of blood glucose levels would be measured in your client. Why is this measure useful in the management of your person’s/client’s disease. (b) The following drugs are used in the management of diabetes mellitus. • Metformin • Insulin Choose ONE that is appropriate for your person/client. Discuss why it can be used by your person/client by referring to its mechanism of action. Question 4. Explain the following consequences of long-term poorly controlled hyperglycaemia: • Nephropathy • Hypertension 5 STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS: Asthma Vodcast questions You will have the opportunity to describe the pathophysiology and pharmacological management for a person/client with extrinsic asthma. You will need to show their understanding by making explicit the links between pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and pharmacological management of your person/client’s disease; your target audience is health professionals (eg. Nurse, paramedic, midwife, all of which should have roughly the same base knowledge). Your answers to these questions will be used to grade the ‘coverage of subject matter’ and ‘accuracy of information’ sections of the Vodcast assignment (see rubric provided). At the beginning of the Vodcast you need to set the scene – tell us about your person/client. You will then answer the following questions. Question 1. Two major pathological changes that occur in the lungs during an asthma attack are: • Bronchial smooth muscle contraction • Increased mucus production Explain how these pathological changes arise in your person/client (ie. the pathophysiology). Hint: your answer should include discussion of the immune cell mediated response. Question 2. The clinical manifestations of asthma include: GROUP A GROUP B Cough Airway oedema Hypoxia Increased respiratory rate Wheeze Increased heart rate Tight chest Dyspnoea Choose ONE clinical manifestion from GROUP A and ONE clinical manifestation from GROUP B and relate them to the underlying pathophysiology for your person. Question 3. The following drugs are used in the management of asthma. • Salbutamol • Inhaled corticosteroid Choose ONE that is appropriate for your person/client. Discuss why it can be used by your person/client by referring to its mechanism of action. Question 4. Education of asthmatics is important in managing asthma. What advice would you give your person/client in respect to? • Adminstration of the drug chosen in question 3 • The preventative measures they can take to avoid an asthma attack 6 Vodcast marking rubric 7
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Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Name
Institution Affiliation
Course
Date

Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• Derrick Carter is a Native American male aged 45 years
• He been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• Derick has a healthy weight range, 65 kg.
• He engages in regular physical exercise by walks to and from work twice per week.

• He is a lawyer by profession, happily married and lives together with his wife and three
children (Najjar & Perdomo, 2019).
• His father passed away 5 years ago, having struggled with type 2 diabetes mellitus for some
years.
• Derrick doesn’t smoke, although takes a beer or two every weekend. As a result, he has been
prescribed to insulin medication.

Physiological Processes That Are Important For Blood Glucose Control
 Insulin synthesis and release
 Significant quantities are synthesized only by the beta cells located in the pancreas.
 The insulin mRNA gets translated as one-chain precursor known as preproinsulin.
 When its signal peptide is removed during insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum, it generates
proinsulin.
 Proinsulin is made up of 3 domains, including carboxy-terminal A chain, an amino-terminal B chain
as well as the C peptide.

 In the endoplasmic reticulum, proinsulin gets exposed to endopeptidases
 It leads to excise of the C peptide, thus leading to generation of a mature insulin.
 Insulin as well as free C get packaged in the Golgi and further into secretory granules that finally
accumulate in the cytoplasm.
 Stimulation of beta cells leads to insulin release from the cell.
 Exocytosis and diffusion of insulin into islet capillary blood.

Physiological Processes That Are Important For Blood Glucose Control
 Insulin binding to target tissues
 The main target tissues for insulin are the skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue.
 At cellular level, it activates transport of glucose and amino acids
 Metabolism of lipid and glycogen, synthesis of proteins and transcription of some genes.
 Induced biological response of insulin are mediated by cell-surface receptor with the activity of the
tyrosine kinase (Thrasher, 2017).
 The receptor can be described as heterotetrameric protein.

 It is made of two extracellular alpha subunits that contain ligand binding sites.
 It also contains two transmembrane beta subunits that contain enzymatic activity sensitive to
hormone.
 Following insulin binding, the initial step is autophosphorylation on various specific sites and
cellular substrates phosphorylation

The Pathophysiological Basis For The Type Of Diabetes Your Person/Client Has.
Comparison to Type 2 Diabetes.
 Type 2 diabetes mellitus refers to a heterogenous condition that has varying prevalence among
various ethnic groups.
 In the US, the population in which the condition is prevalent include Native Americans, especially
in the Southwest desert, Asian-Americans and Hispanic Americans (Ojha, et al., 2019).
 The pathophysiology of type 2 diab...


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