Description
The assignment question is below, its an oral presentation. Please read the question carefully, check list and marking criteria. Please provide me script and power point as well. Thank you
Unformatted Attachment Preview
Purchase answer to see full attachment
Explanation & Answer
Kindly check on the attached file and let me know if you've got any query
Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Name
Institution Affiliation
Course
Date
Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
• Derrick Carter is a Native American male aged 45 years
• He been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• Derick has a healthy weight range, 65 kg.
• He engages in regular physical exercise by walks to and from work twice per week.
• He is a lawyer by profession, happily married and lives together with his wife and three
children (Najjar & Perdomo, 2019).
• His father passed away 5 years ago, having struggled with type 2 diabetes mellitus for some
years.
• Derrick doesn’t smoke, although takes a beer or two every weekend. As a result, he has been
prescribed to insulin medication.
Physiological Processes That Are Important For Blood Glucose Control
Insulin synthesis and release
Significant quantities are synthesized only by the beta cells located in the pancreas.
The insulin mRNA gets translated as one-chain precursor known as preproinsulin.
When its signal peptide is removed during insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum, it generates
proinsulin.
Proinsulin is made up of 3 domains, including carboxy-terminal A chain, an amino-terminal B chain
as well as the C peptide.
In the endoplasmic reticulum, proinsulin gets exposed to endopeptidases
It leads to excise of the C peptide, thus leading to generation of a mature insulin.
Insulin as well as free C get packaged in the Golgi and further into secretory granules that finally
accumulate in the cytoplasm.
Stimulation of beta cells leads to insulin release from the cell.
Exocytosis and diffusion of insulin into islet capillary blood.
Physiological Processes That Are Important For Blood Glucose Control
Insulin binding to target tissues
The main target tissues for insulin are the skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue.
At cellular level, it activates transport of glucose and amino acids
Metabolism of lipid and glycogen, synthesis of proteins and transcription of some genes.
Induced biological response of insulin are mediated by cell-surface receptor with the activity of the
tyrosine kinase (Thrasher, 2017).
The receptor can be described as heterotetrameric protein.
It is made of two extracellular alpha subunits that contain ligand binding sites.
It also contains two transmembrane beta subunits that contain enzymatic activity sensitive to
hormone.
Following insulin binding, the initial step is autophosphorylation on various specific sites and
cellular substrates phosphorylation
The Pathophysiological Basis For The Type Of Diabetes Your Person/Client Has.
Comparison to Type 2 Diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus refers to a heterogenous condition that has varying prevalence among
various ethnic groups.
In the US, the population in which the condition is prevalent include Native Americans, especially
in the Southwest desert, Asian-Americans and Hispanic Americans (Ojha, et al., 2019).
The pathophysiology of type 2 diab...