Foreign Denial and Deception Practices & Intelligence Analysts Can Counter Discussion

User Generated

einyragv

Humanities

Description


Explain foreign denial and deception practices and discuss some historical examples. How might intelligence analysts counter these practices?

--------------- Background

Enemy denial and deception techniques are pitfalls for intelligence analysts. Nation-states and non-state actors are well aware that they are targets of American intelligence collection and analysis. They work hard to deny the United States the means to steal via the various intelligence collection methods their secrets.

Their denial efforts will make American collection efforts more difficult. Russia, for example, might keep all of its land-based ballistic missile silos sealed to deny American spy satellites the opportunity to see which silos are operational and which are not. The Chinese are mounting their newest ballistic missiles on mobile launchers that are more difficult to detect and tract than fixed missiles silos. North Korea and Iran have dug deep underground tunnel systems to hide their ballistic missile forces from prying American spy satellites.

Deception techniques, on the other hand, are designed to influence the perception of American intelligence and, in turn, policy makers. Adversaries know that they will not be able to shield some of their activities from American intelligence. So they design and spread alternative and benign explanations to put the United States at ease. China, for example, might conduct yearly and large-scale military exercises off the coast of Taiwan. But in the future, these expected yearly exercises might be a cover for a massive military assault on Taiwan.

We will examine the theory of denial and deception as well as study them in an historical case study. The 1973 Middle East war—often referred to as the “Yom Kippur War” after the Jewish holiday on which the Egyptian attack took place—is a classic study intelligence failure. We will examine this historical case to see how enemy denial and deception techniques are effectively used and how they might be countered. We also will study the case with an eye toward other pitfalls in intelligence analysis such as “mirror imaging” and “group think” that we had previously discussed.


----------------

Requirements:

1 Page Single Pace

2 Sources

User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

Explanation & Answer

Attached.

Running head: FOREIGN DENIAL AND DECEPTION PRACTICES

Foreign Denial and Deception Practices
Student's Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date

1

FOREIGN DENIAL AND DECEPTION PRACTICES

2

Meaning of Foreign Denial and Deception (D&D) Practices
Denial and deception are terms used to describe strategies used by nations to achieve
their objectives. Deception refers to a nation's efforts to make its adversaries believe in things
that might not be true (Wirtz, 2017). By contrast, denial refers to a nation's efforts to block its
adversaries from getting ahold of information that it might use to learn the truth about some
things. Despite being distinct activities, deception and denial are intertwined are sometimes
used to mean the same thing. For the deceiving nation to deceive its opponent about its true
intentions, it conceals accurate information about its activities or operations, such as
information about a course of action, a policy, or military operations ((Wirtz, 2017). The
effort to deceive adversaries can take many forms, accompanied by a denial of operations.
For instance, it may involve planting information, leaks, "or decoys to create the impression
that the truth is other than it is, thereby creating an alternative reality for the opponent or the
adversary” (Godson & Wirtz, 2000).
Historically, democracies employed denial and deception in wartime; democracies
can also deceive in peacetime. The US history is full of instances when D&D was used to its
military advantage, "from the revolutionary war campaign to the D-Day landings in World
War II, to the feint of Marine Amphibious assault during the Gulf War" (Godson & Wirtz,
2000). In the 20th century, democracies such as Great Britain and Israel proved to be effective
in deception and denial in peace and war. India's nuclear weapons development progra...


Anonymous
Great! Studypool always delivers quality work.

Studypool
4.7
Trustpilot
4.5
Sitejabber
4.4

Similar Content

Related Tags