University of Ohio Polymer Battery Advancement in Technology Report Essay

User Generated

Funar6566

Engineering

University of Ohio

Description

Hi all,,, I have a project on Polymer Batteries and I need a 12-15 pages with at least 20 references. For extra, please do about 20 slides Power Point on this project, I will give you extra money or tip you more. Thanks

User generated content is uploaded by users for the purposes of learning and should be used following Studypool's honor code & terms of service.

Explanation & Answer

Attached. Please let me know if you have any questions or need revisions.

Running head: POLYMER BATTERY

1

Polymer Battery

Student’s name:
Institutional affiliation:

POLYMER BATTERY

2
Table of Contents

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3
History and background .................................................................................................................. 3
Uses and application of polymer battery ........................................................................................ 8
Comparison of Polymer battery to the Lithium - ion battery.......................................................... 8
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 13
References ..................................................................................................................................... 14

POLYMER BATTERY

3
Polymer Battery
Introduction

Polymer-based batteries are a group of batteries that uses organic materials as opposed to
bulk metals as core components of the battery (Crompton, 2000). Polymers are basically an
organic material that has large molecules consisting of repeated subunits. Polymers have a wide
range of properties, which enables for their use in polymer batteries. Polymer based batteries
have gained popularity due to their many advantages compared to the metal-based counterparts.
Metal based batteries have many disadvantages such as negative environmental impacts, limited
nature of metallic resources, and poor advancement capabilities, which led to many industrial
companies adopting the polymer-based batteries (Crompton, 2000). It is worth noting that
polymers are mainly used as electrodes in such batteries, thus replacing the use of metals as
electrodes. As such, polymer-based batteries utilize organic polymers in replacement of the metal
reaction type of batteries.
History and background
The research into the use of polymer-based batteries has been ongoing for a long time
now. The first instance for the mention of the use of polymer-based batteries occurred in 1982
when an article was first published on the use of plastic-metal batteries for the electric car
(Janoschka et al., 2015). The article put forward that there were various research into the use of
organic polymers to make batteries. Continued research on the use of polymer-based batteries led
to the discovery of the organic radical battery, which was developed in 2005 by Nippon Electric
Company. The battery utilized the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy-4-yl meth-acrylate polymer,
a modified version of the original polymer (Janoschka et al., 2015). Continued research on the
subject led to Brown University discovering a new polymer based battery using the polypyrrole

POLYMER BATTERY

4

polymer. Advanced research on the subject helped in the discovery of a newer synthetic polymer.
The newfound polymer had many advantages because of its ability to transport electrons. The
polymer had both high conductivity and efficiency. The discovery was a conjugated redox
polymer based on the naphthalene-bithiophene polymer. The battery has been tested and proven
to work due to its high conductivity and ability to retain charge even after 3000 charge-recharge
cycles (Janoschka et al., 2015). The discovery enabled for unearthing a polymer with the highest
power density as compared to other organic materials. It is worth noting that organic polymers
could be produced to be n-type, p-type, or b-type materials. This means that they can be oxidized
as is the case for p-type materials, they can be reduced as is the case for n-type materials, be
reduced and oxidized as is the case with p-type materials (Janoschka et al., 2015).
According to Boaretto et al. (2020), Armand et al. (1978) were the first group of
researchers to propose the use of polymer electrolytes (PE) as an alternative to the making of
batteries with rechargeable capability. It is worth noting that Armand et al. (1978) proposed the
use of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) as the main polymer for use in the making of the batteries. In
the contemporary world, polymers have emerged as a major solution in the making of batteries,
especially in the making of electrolytes (Boaretto et al., 2020). The emergence of synthetic
polymers and their associated technologies has enabled for the manufacture of hybrid polymer
electrolytes (HPE) and composite polymer electrolytes (CPE). It is worth noting that technology
has shifted from the use of CPEs, which are made using physical blending of specific polymers
to the use of HPEs, which are made using chemical grafting (Boaretto et al., 2020). The
emergence of these technologies has enabled for the use of solid electrolytes in the making of
batteries, and they have many advantages as compared to their liquid electrolyte counterparts.
Some of the major advantages of the solid-state polymer electrolytes include good process

POLYMER BATTERY

5

ability, high flexibility, and low cost (Boaretto et al., 2020). The use of polymer electrolytes has
been made possible with the discovery of lithium metal polymer (LMP), which was developed
and deployed in the propulsion of Bluebus and Bluecar, the electric series of vehicles (Boaretto
et al., 2020). Although studies indicate that the energy density of this type of batteries is slightly
lower than the lithium ion battery, the aforementioned advantages make them the preferred
battery type. This is mainly due to the low anodic stability and low ionic conductivity of the
polymers, which necessitates conducting further research to discover better polymer-based
conductors for use in batteries.
After presentation of the work by Armand et al. (1978), other researcher have engage in
expansion of available literature on the subject (Boaretto et al., 2020). In their study of 1980,
Wright et al. presented the composition of polymer electrolytes to include alkali metal salts, and
polymer matrices. After this research, Weston and Steel (1982) also added inorganic fillers in the
polymer electrolytes to improve the interfacial stability and strengthen the mechanical strength of
the polymer electrolytes (Boaretto et al., 2020). The discovery was enhanced in the 1990s by
Scrosati et al., who researched on the use of silicone oxide and aluminum oxide as fillers in the
making of polymer electrolytes (Boaretto et al., 2020). This enabled for the nano-sizing and
micron-sizing of the polymer electrolytes, resulting in the making of the composite polymer
electrolytes. This discovery helped to expand the available knowledge on polymer electrolytes
and helped Armand et al. and Ravaine et al. to develop the hybrid polymer electrolytes in which
the organic and inorganic parts of the battery are linked with chemical bonds (Boaretto et al.,
2020). These discoveries helped in presenting the solid based electrolyte, which has had many
benefits in the making of batteries for portable and mobile devices and gadgets.

POLYMER BATTERY

6

Boaretto et al. (2020) reveal that there are many other researches that have been
conducted in the contemporary world to help in developing more superior polymer-based
batteries. The recent studies have primarily focused on discovering the use of inactive fillers in
solid-state batteries. The core inorganic fillers that have been tested in research include SiO2,
TiO2, ZnOx, ZrO2 and Al2O3 (Boaretto et al., 2020). The impact of the use of inorganic fillers
in polymer based batteries is yet to be determined since some scholars believe that it reduces the
crystallinity of PEO, while at the same time increasing the mechanical properties of the PE
(Boaretto et al., 2020). Others have also indicated that the use of inorganic fillers has helped to
improve the ionic conductivity, especially when the batteries are used at temperatures below the
melting transition. It is worth noting that some scholars have also hinted that the impact of
adding inorganic fillers in PEs is dependent on several factors, especially the size of the filler
particles and the type of filler selected (Boaretto et al., 2020). Studies have indicated that liquid
based electrolytes remain as the best for batteries in terms of electric density, whereas filler-free
polymer electrolytes have the lowest conductivity. Studies have also revealed that the addition of
nanofillers in PEs has a positive impact since it helps to increase their conductivity by at least
two units of magnitude when at room temperature.
In another research by Dissanayake et al., they discovered that the use of fillers with
small size particles greatly improved the conductivity of PEs due to their large surface group
(Boaretto et al., 2020). This discovery was identified in lithium triflate ((LiCF3SO3, LiTf),
which was the core filler. The study identified that reducing the size of the particles of the filler
from 10 micrometers to 10-20 nanometers at 70o C helped to increase the conductivity of the PE
by one order of magnitude (Boaretto et al., 2020). These findings helped to emphasize on the
importance of using small sized particles in the making of PEs. Research on the impact of the

POLYMER BATTERY

7

surface of the particles was also furthered by Crose et al., who studied the impact of nanoparticle
surfaces on the conductivity of PEs through a process of tuning the nanoparticle chemistry of the
surface. They tested the impact of having basic, acidic, as well as neutral surfaces (Boaretto et
al., 2020). The use of acidic surfaces helped to improve conductivity of the PEs since the –OH
groups helped in adding the lithium transportation pathways. This occurs through a process
called hydrogen bonding, where the negatives bond with the oxygen atoms in the polymer.
However, the use of neutral surface of particles led to lower concentration of ions leading to
lower conductivity (Boaretto et al., 2020). On the other hand, the use of basic particle surfaces
had a negative impact on the working mechanism of the battery since there is no interaction
between the particles and the anions or the polymer leading to lack of conductivity. From this
experiment, it was discovered that acidic p...


Anonymous
I was struggling with this subject, and this helped me a ton!

Studypool
4.7
Trustpilot
4.5
Sitejabber
4.4

Related Tags