Analyze the difference between intentional and unintentional threats.  You are also required to post a response to a minimum of two other students in the class by the end of the week. You must use at least one scholarly resource. Every discussion posting must be properly APA formatted. You must respond to a minimum of two other learners during the week. Your responses to other students must be more than a simple "Good job" or "I agree with your post". They must also not just be "Let me add to your post..." Instead, your responses to each other should do three things: 1. Acknowledge the other student's post with some form of recognition about what they posted 2. Relate their posting to something you have learned or are familiar with 3. Add to the conversation by asking additional questions about their post, or discussing their topic further

Start Here This project is an individual effort that you will work on throughout your capstone course for your Master of Science degree. In this project, you will research cybersecurity capacity building and then develop a proposal to help build (improve) cybersecurity capacity by improving a small nation's cybersecurity education and training for its workforce. You will also research public-private partnerships and additional international efforts whereby nations and multinational organizations cooperate to improve global cybersecurity including efforts wherein they provide expertise and other types of assistance to nations needing to improve their cybersecurity capabilities.  Step 1: Learn About Cybersecurity Capacity Building Read: Collett, R., & Bampaliou, N. (2021). International cyber capacity building: Global trends and scenarios. https://www.iss.europa.eu/sites/default/files/EUISSFiles/CCB%20Report%20Final.pdf In this report, the authors discuss the findings of an international research study, sponsored and supported by the European Commission. The purpose of this study was to identify trends in cyber capacity building and included information derived from interviews with subject matter experts representing 50 organizations from around the world (See Annex 1. List of Interviews). Secondary data was obtained from public sources including government and organizational websites and document repositories. Read: Ramim, M. M., & Hueca, A. (2021). Cybersecurity capacity building of human capital: Nations supporting nations. Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management, 9(2), 65–85. https://doi-org.ezproxy.umgc.edu/10.36965/ojakm.2021.9(2)65-85 In this article, the authors discuss a cybersecurity capacity building framework and the roles that various nations and organization play in helping building cybersecurity capacity on a global basis. Step 2: Research International Cooperation and Joint Efforts to Improve Global Cybersecurity The resources listed below provide information about current international efforts to improve global cybersecurity through cooperation between nations through projects involving businesses, governments, nongovernmental organizations, and individuals. As you review these materials, focus on the benefits of cross-border cooperation for the purposes of combating cybercrime, cyberattacks, and cyberterrorism. Continue your research by identifying additional, international efforts to promote cybersecurity capacity building. Government to Government Cooperation to Improve Global Cybersecurity The Commonwealth Telecommunications Organization: https://www.cto.int/ and https://www.cto.int/consultancy/multi-stakeholder-partnerships-for-ict4d/ Commonwealth Approach for Developing National Cybersecurity Strategies https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2019/09/CommW-15-Approa... United Nations International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Guide to Developing a National Cybersecurity Strategy https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/str/D-STR-CY... Global Cooperation for Cybercrime Prevention Budapest Convention on Cybercrime https://www.coe.int/en/web/cybercrime/home INTERPOL https://www.interpol.int/en/Crimes/Cybercrime https://www.interpol.int/en/Crimes/Cybercrime/Publ... Public-Private Partnerships and Their Use to Solve Global Problems https://ppp.worldbank.org/public-private-partnersh... https://isalliance.org/policy-advocacy/public-priv... https://www.nsa.gov/About/Cybersecurity-Collaborat... FIRST: Improving Cybersecurity Together https://www.first.org/ Recruiting and Deploying Volunteers as Cyber Experts (Example Programs) https://iamcybersafe.org/s/volunteers https://engage.isaca.org/volunteeropportunities/ho... https://cti-league.com/ https://cyberpeaceinstitute.org/news/cyberpeace-bu... Step 3: Discuss Cultural Issues as Potential Barriers to Success in Cyber Capacity Building Participate in a discussion with your peers about cultural Issues as potential barriers to success in international cooperative efforts. Use examples from your reading and research for Steps 1 and 2 along with information from the following resources: https://www.hofstede-insights.com/models/national-culture/ http://www.culture-at-work.com/highlow.html Step 4: Discuss Ethical Issues as Potential Barriers to Success in Cyber Capacity Building Read: Ethics and Ethical Decision Making Participate in a discussion with your peers about ethical Issues as potential barriers to success in international cooperative efforts. Use examples from your reading and research for Steps 1, 2, and 3 along with information from additional sources from your personal research. Ground your discussion in one or more of the ethical theories or principles discussed in the learning topic Ethics and Ethical Decision Making. Step 5: Research the Use of Training and Certifications to Build Cybersecurity Capacity In this step, you will continue your research and analysis of cyber capacity building by examining the role that training and certifications plays in the development and growth of a professional cybersecurity workforce for nations around the world. Begin by reading these scholarly articles: Blaži?, B. J. (2021). The cybersecurity labour shortage in Europe: Moving to a new concept for education and training. Technology in Society, 67. https://doi-org.ezproxy.umgc.edu/10.1016/j.techsoc... Furnell, S. (2021). The cybersecurity workforce and skills. Computers & Security, 100. https://doi-org.ezproxy.umgc.edu/10.1016/j.cose.20... International (multinational) organizations such as CompTIA, EC-Council, ISACA, and the Information Systems Security Consortium play a large role in the provision of training and in certifying the knowledge, skills, and abilities. Training and certifications are also provided by technology vendors such as CISCO and Microsoft. Consider the following types of certifications and assess their value to nations as potential solutions to the need for professionalization of the cyber workforce. Basic and Advanced Cybersecurity Knowledge and Skills CISCO Certifications: CCNA-Security, CCNA Cyber Ops CompTIA Certifications: Security+, Network+, CASP EC-Council Certifications: CSCU, CEH, CHFI, CTIA, C|CISO ISACA Certifications: CISA, CISM, CRISC (ISC)2 Certifications: CAP, CISSP, CSLP, SSCP Related Knowledge and Skills Business Skills Certifications: PMI-PBA, PMI-PMP Risk Management Certifications Disaster Recovery Certifications Operating Systems Administration Certifications (MS Windows, Linux, etc.) Note: Additional cybersecurity workforce certifications can be found in the US Department of Defense list of baseline certifications: https://public.cyber.mil/cw/cwmp/dod-approved-8570... Step 6: Prepare an Annotated Bibliography Choose the 10 best sources from your searches for articles, papers, and dissertations. Focus on sources that give details about your research topic. Next, write the reference list entry (APA citation style) for each source. Alphabetize your list of reference list entries. After you have the correctly ordered list, number your entries from 1 to 10. Note: different reference entry formats are used for different types of sources. Review the UMGC Library's "Get Help > Citing and Writing for samples and explanations of the formatting rules. If you are using APA format, your list should look something like the following. Authors. (date). Article title. Publication name, vol(issue), #-#. Authors. (date). Paper title. Published in the Proceedings of conference-name, pp. #-#. Authors. (date). Book title. City, state (or country) of publication: Publisher. Next, write your annotations for each source in your list. In an annotated bibliography, the annotation is a paragraph or two placed under the reference list entry for each source. For this assignment, the annotation should be a combination of factual information from the source and your evaluation (opinion) of the quality and usefulness of the information; you will be combining the descriptive and analytical styles of annotations. To accomplish this, you should read the abstract, introduction section, and closing sections for each article or paper. For dissertations, look over the Introduction and the Literature Review (usually the first two chapters). From this information, develop a short informative or descriptive summary of the source that includes: (a) a description the information provided in the source, (b) how you plan to use this source to support your analysis of your research topic, and (c) your thoughts and opinions about the utility or quality of the source. Each annotation should be approximately 100-125 words (five to seven sentences). Place this summary after the reference list entry for the source. For more information about annotated bibliographies, see https://libguides.umgc.edu/annotated-bibliography-apa Submit your annotated bibliography for review and feedback from your instructor. Step 7: How Can Cyber Capacity Building Help Nations Protect their Homelands? Using your research and analysis from steps 1-6, prepare an eight-to-10-page analytical summary of your research in which you identify and discuss how wealthy nations and developing nations can and should work together to protect their homelands by improving cyber capacity at the national level. Your summary should address the following: What cyber capacity building is and why it is important to global cybersecurity efforts. The uses of public-private partnerships and government to government cooperation to build cyber capacity and improve global response to cyberattacks, cybercrime prevention, and address ongoing issues arising from cyber terrorism. (Provide and discuss five or more specific examples of programs or cooperative efforts.) The benefits of recruiting and deploying volunteer subject matter experts to provide support, including pro bono professional services, in the context of public-private partnerships for cybersecurity capacity building. An analysis in which you Identify and discuss the three most important reasons why individual nations should develop their own trained, skilled, and professional cybersecurity workforce. Identify and discuss the three largest risks to wealthy nations if they do not help smaller nations develop their cyber incident response capabilities including training and educating a cybersecurity workforce. Identify and discuss the three most significant barriers or constraints which could adversely impact the success of international cooperative efforts to build cyber capacity. Three to five recommendations for international cyber capacity building efforts (based upon your research and analysis). Close your analytical summary paper with an appropriate concluding section that addresses the question: How does cyber capacity building help nations protect their homeland? Step 8: Submit Your Draft Analytical Summary for Feedback Use the research paper template to complete this assignment. If you have not done so already, format your analytical summary from Step 5 using APA 7th edition. Your work must be submitted as a Microsoft Word document in .docx format. If you do not use the template file, make sure that your analytical summary includes a title page at the beginning of your document that contains: your name, the assignment name, the date submitted, the course prepared for, and the instructor's name. Review your work to ensure that you have properly cited your sources and have included a properly formatted reference list at the end of your work. See the following resources for information about writing and citing academic work. https://libguides.umgc.edu/gethelp/writing-citing  https://www.umgc.edu/current-students/learning-resources/writing-center/online-guide-to-writing/tutorial Step 9: Finalize and Submit Your Analytical Summary (Project 4) After reviewing and responding to feedback from your instructor, submit Project 4 for grading and feedback. Your work must be in Word format (.docx).