FGCU Cardiovascular Diseases and Anxiety Disorders Questions

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Humanities

Florida Gulf Coast University

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Discussion – Template

Find a medical condition that can mimic or cause anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. A “medical condition,” for the purposes of this discussion question, is something NOT found in the DSM. You are looking for a bodily condition (e.g. hyperthyroidism) that can cause what appears to be a mental disorder in the anxiety / OCD family. Also remember that “research articles” are those found in the academic library, not a common website like webmd.com or psychologytoday.com.

Find and summarize TWO research articles about the medical disorder you reviewed. Be sure that you integrate BOTH into the coherent summary, providing support for your claims about which medical conditions should be kept in mind when seeing anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

(Delete all text that is in italics in your final answer).

Use the below text as your format for answering the following questions.



1. Summary and critical evaluation of two research articles:

(insert summary)

2. Are the findings sufficiently robust to persuade you? If not, what is needed? If unsure, how could you get your questions answered?

(insert your answers into whether the research you read persuades you to think Marvin might have a medical illness instead of mental disorder. See the instructions for things to consider, such as was “the research methodologically robust?”)

2. Ethnic or cultural controversies are factors to consider when teasing out the etiology of anxiety and obsessive-compulsions related to this medical concern?

(insert your work)

References:

American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th edition). American Psychiatric Association.

Make sure to list any resources used (and delete this sentence)

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Case Study of Marvin Instructions: Read the following case. At various points in the text, you will be asked to make a tentative hypothesis based on the information that has been presented up to that point. Note your diagnosis as you read the case, but you do not have to post your answer. As you read further, you will see the diagnosis that an expert would make with the same information. After reading the case, post your answer to the discussion topics. Read two colleagues' responses and provide a critical evaluation of each response. Marvin is a 32-year-old, married, Caucasian male who comes from a family with political connections and moderate wealth. The family money has been spent on various things, some frivolous and some not. He and his wife have two sons in elementary school. Marvin has been in and out of psychotherapy since he was about 18 years old. He graduated from a prestigious university with a degree in math and physics, but he has not been able to use his education for more than a short time in a variety of jobs. His wife teaches school. Marvin has come to see a psychologist for his problems. During the interview, Marvin seems to exhibit some shame about himself. He says he is a house husband because his psychopathology precludes success in gainful employment. He reports a number of symptoms, including feeling very anxious if he steps on gum that someone has thrown on the ground, if he has something sticky on his hands, and if he must handle cigarettes or something with a cigarette logo on it. His children are unable to invite other kids to the house because Marvin becomes too uncomfortable. Marvin cannot stand touching or being around school books or library books. He has been unable to use selfservice gas pumps because of the anxiety he feels. If he leaves the house, before he can reenter, he must undress and then wash the clothes he wore while outside of the house. Much of the time he keeps the blinds closed and the house dark. Your Diagnosis What tentative hypotheses might you entertain about Marvin's problem at this point? Any alternative hypotheses? Psychologist's Diagnosis Marvin's symptoms are in the anxiety realm. Specific things make Marvin quite distressed and impair his functioning, and he seems driven to act in certain specific ways to counteract that anxiety. This could suggest an obsessive-compulsive disorder. Alternative hypotheses could include other anxiety disorders (panic with agoraphobia comes to mind), as well as some kind of schizophreniform disorder. We must not rule out medical or drug-related problems yet either. Marvin recounts a very distressing moment when he looked out his kitchen window and saw a neighbor child's toy next to his driveway. He stated that he was naked in his kitchen when he observed this, and that he felt "dirty" and very upset and needed to wash all his clothes. Marvin reports that he has a constant fear that his wife is going to leave him, although there is no indication that she will do so. He feels guilty about not being able to allow his children to have friends over. He realizes that his fears make no sense, but he cannot seem to stop 1 reacting to them. Marvin says that he has started to use certain specific mantra-like prayers to help him, but finds that the more he prays the more he needs to pray. The psychologist asks if Marvin has ever used drugs or alcohol to help control his fears, but Marvin says no. There is a long family history of such anxious behavior, Marvin says. His mother used to wash her hands 30 or 40 times a day during his childhood, though that behavior has slowed in recent years. Your Diagnosis What tentative hypotheses might you entertain about Marvin's problem at this point? Any alternative hypotheses? Psychologist's Diagnosis It seems clearer than before that this has strong connotations of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Drug and alcohol use do not seem to be a factor, nor does any medical condition. Marvin says he is in excellent health, and a check with his physician confirms that. There have been no accidents, head injuries, or chronic illnesses in his life, and Marvin takes no medication. Your Diagnosis What tentative hypotheses might you entertain about Marvin's problem at this point? Any alternative hypotheses? Psychologist's Diagnosis It is reasonable to conclude, with this information, that Marvin has an obsessive-compulsive disorder. His genetic background disposes him to it and his symptoms speak clearly of it. There seem to be no reasonable alternative diagnoses to consider at this point. 2
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Cardiovascular Diseases and Anxiety

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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND ANXIETY

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Tully, Phillip J., Suzie M. Cosh, and Bernhard T. Baune. "A review of the effects of worry
and generalized anxiety disorder upon cardiovascular health and coronary heart
disease." Psychology, health & medicine 18.6 (2013): 627-644.
The article addresses the psychological and behaviour pathways related to the existence of worry
and generalized anxiety disorders on the heart functions. The research study on the relationship
between coronary heart disease and general anxiety disorder revealed that worry is accompanied
with reduction in heart variability rate and increased in its rate. Worry and general anxiety are
directly related to increased blood pressure episodes in both individuals suffering from
cardiovascular disorders and those without. The study showed that prevalent anxiety disorders
result into with wrong prognosis in patients with coronary disorders and were independent of
depression. From the article, a conclusion can be made that the association of anxiety and
coronary artery disease risk factor are the leading cause of cardio pathogenesis. The report does
not address how to manage the condition.
Wu, En-Liang, I-Chia Chien, and Ching-Heng Lin. "Increased risk of hypertension in
patients with anxiety disorders: A population-based study." Journal of psychosomatic
research 77.6 (2014): 522-527.
The article addresses the relationship between anxiety and cardiovascular diseases. It identifies
the results of anxiety types to the 3-year or early onset of lethal heart disorder. The results of the
study show that generalized anxiety complications are strongly related to the start of
cardiovascular diseases. However, the article does not address the biological relationship of the
association between worry and heart diseases.
From the first article, there is no evidence supporting worry and anxiety benefits to
cardiovascular physiology or health promotion. It does not address the management criteria for

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND ANXIETY

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individuals with anxiety and cardiovascular disorders. Management principle entails the use of
antidepressants and psychological counselling.
From the read history of Marvin, his conditions present more of a mental state than a medical
disorder. His...

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