1. What is egress and ingress? Why should these be factored in when designing a courthouse?Your response must be at least 200 words in length.2. Why is it important to keep prisoners out of public areas?Your response must be at least 200 words in length.3. Why should a courthouse be designed with prisoner transportation to and from court in mind? Your response must be at least 200 words in length.4. How might the bailiff help to minimize a breach of security within the courthouse?Your response must be at least 200 words in length.

For this class, you will write a 10- to 15-page research paper on one of the topics approved by your instructor. The purpose of the paper is to provide the reader with a synopsis of the policy’s or program’s history, purpose, goals, target population, and activities or elements; thus, you must include the following information in your paper:a description or definition of the program or policy, including a brief discussion of the scope of the problem (e.g., statistics) that the policy or program is trying to address;a discussion of the history of the program or policy, including why, where, and when it was created;a discussion of the purpose(s) or goal(s) of the program or policy (i.e., what it is designed to accomplish, who or what it is targeting); anda discussion of the elements of the program, including activities or actions designed to accomplish the program’s goals.In addition, you should summarize empirical studies that have evaluated how effective the program or policy has been in achieving its goals. For each study, you may, but are not required to, include the following information:a summary of the research question examined,a summary of the population examined,a summary of how the data were obtained (i.e., the type of information collected),a summary of the findings as they relate to the thesis statement (e.g., evidence the author[s] found that supports it), and a brief discussion of any significant limitations to the findings.All information contained in the paper must come from academic sources unless your instructor tells you otherwise. In addition, you should not rely on your own knowledge about the topic. Moreover, you must use a minimum of 10 academic sources when writing your paper. Your paper must be written in APA format and must include citations written in APA format. Failure to include citations constitutes plagiarism. Your paper must include a title page as well as a reference page. Points will be deducted from papers that do not meet the page requirement or that do not incorporate eight academic sources.Structural Elements of the Capstone Research ReportPolicy reports directly reflect the different roles that the policy analyst commonly plays, i.e. from researcher to advocate. The type of report that you are writing is one from the more action-oriented, advocacy end of the continuum (but that is nevertheless based purely on evidence and not your opinion). Although there is much variation even at this end of the scale, the most common elements of the policy brief are as follows:Title of the Policy ReportExecutive SummaryContext and Importance of the Problem (also called the ‘Introduction’)Pre-existing Policies, Policy Options, and ResearchConclusionPolicy RecommendationsReference Page

IntroductionAs surveys are among the most popular forms of research published in criminology, it is valuable to explore the quality of surveys as a research method. How survey questions are drafted can have a great impact on the quality and accuracy of your findings. Open-ended questions do not enforce explicit response options, whereas fixed-choice questions only allow for a list exhaustive and mutually exclusive responses. It is important to write clear and meaningful questions and avoid confusing phrasing or vagueness. Researchers should also avoid negatives and double-negatives, double-barreled questions, and favoring agreement or disagreement for clarity's sake. Certain trade-offs and compromises must often be made between research goals, such as achieving measurement reliability and validity, generalizability, and cost-effectiveness including the decision to use open- or closed-ended questions.In this discussion, you will explore the trade-off of whether to use open- or closed-ended questions in survey research. For this discussion, address the following in your main post:Articulate a crime-related problem statement that is appropriate for a survey of college students based on your desired criminal justice career path.Develop at least one hypothesis and several variables related to your problem statement.Draft five closed-ended questions that measure these variables and five open-ended questions that you think will measure the same variables as the closed-ended questions.Examine the effectiveness of responses that could be collected from each type of question based on the question format and phrasing.