PHYS 1119 Benedictine University Curved Mirrors and Images Lab Experiment

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PHYS 1119

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Attached is the lab experiment with questions using an online stimulation for the lab. https://simbucket.com/lensesandmirrors/

https://ophysics.com/l10.html

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PHYS 1119 Curved Mirrors and Images NAME: ________________________________ Experiment 10 SECTION: ____ INTRODUCTION While we all feel familiar with the images we see in plane mirrors, our experiences with their curved counterparts might be limited to cosmetic mirrors or the side view mirrors on automobiles. In this experiment, you will explore the characteristics of the real and virtual images formed by curved mirrors. Then you will develop a mathematical relationship describing the relationship between the positions of the object and the real image formed by concave mirrors. OBJECTIVES In this experiment, you will • • • • Use curved mirrors to produce real and virtual images. Explore how the position of the object affects the appearance, orientation, and size of real images produced by concave mirrors. Explore how mirror characteristics and the position of the object affect the appearance, orientation, and size of virtual images produced by concave and convex mirrors. Determine the relationship between object distance, image distance, focal length, and magnification in real images produced by concave mirrors. MATERIALS Logger Pro Vernier Dynamics System track Vernier Optics Expansion Kit Vernier Mirror Set small plane mirror Videos Data Set VIDEO AND SIMULATION INVESTIGATION 1. The convex mirror is placed at one end of the track. The camera (eye) is at the other end of the track so that you can see an image in the mirror. The image and camera are moved closer to the mirror. In what way does the image of yourself differ from that which you would see if you were looking into a plane mirror? How does the image change when you move the mirror closer to you? The “Convex Mirror Movie” on D2L shows this effect. There are a couple of other ways to test this at home. These are options if the recording doesn’t work for you. Advanced Physics with Vernier – Beyond Mechanics ©Vernier Software & Technology 10 - 1 Experiment 10 a. You can try this at home by looking at the image on the back of a reflective spoon. Observe how your image changes as you move the spoon closer and further from you. Back of Spoon b. Use the passenger side mirror on your car is a convex mirror. I’m not suggesting that you break it off and try the experiment. Just look into it and observe what you see as an object moves closer or father away. In the movie Jurassic Park, the mirror reads that “objects in mirror are closer than they appear.” 2. The convex mirror is replaced with a concave one at the end of the track. The camera (eye) is at the other end of the track so that you can see an image in the mirror. How does the image seen in the concave mirror differ from that seen in the convex? Convex Image Concave Image 3. The image and camera are moved closer to the mirror. How does this image you observe change as the object (camera) moves closer to the concave mirror? This is show in the “Convex Mirror Movie” on D2L. 10 - 2 Advanced Physics with Vernier – Beyond Mechanics Curved Mirrors and Images Alternative ways to observe this at home. These are options if the recording doesn’t work for you. a. You can also use a reflective spoon to test this or a makeup mirror. . 4. In your lecture class discussion, you will learn how the use of ray diagrams can help you to determine how and where light from a particular point on an object converges to form an image. You can get a conceptual understanding of the process of image-formation by a curved mirror using the simulation available at the sim bucket web site 1 Mirror ray traces: https://simbucket.com/lensesandmirrors/ This simulation can be used to see ray tracings for mirrors by moving the object to either side of the mirror. This allows you to see how the light rays reflect off the surfaces. Try the simulation for the concave and convex side of the mirror. 1 Simbucket.com/lensesandmirrors/ Advanced Physics with Vernier – Beyond Mechanics 10 - 3 Experiment 10 MEASURED DATA Part 1 Concave mirror and real images 1. A light source and concave mirror are set up to project a clear image on the half screen as shown in Figure 1. An illuminated number “4” is used as the “object” for this investigation. The object distance is varied to different distances. At each distance the screen is moved until a sharp image of the number “4” can be seen on the screen. Object Figure 1 Object Distance . Image Distance Object Screen Mirror Image of Experimental Setup 2. Describe the size, shape, and orientation of the image. . Image projected on screen. 1 10 - 4 Advanced Physics with Vernier – Beyond Mechanics Curved Mirrors and Images 3. The mirror will be moved to various distances from the object. The screen was then moved until a sharp image of the “4” appears on the half screen. The distance between the light source and the mirror as “object distance” and the distance between the mirror and the screen as “image distance” are recorded in the following table. How does the image distance change? Is it getting larger or smaller as the object gets closer? Table of measured data for the experiment Measurement object distance (cm) image distance (cm) do di 1 90 25.5 2 80 26.5 3 70 27.5 4 60 29.5 5 50 33.5 6 40 40 7 31.5 50 8 27.5 66 Note what happens to the size of the image as the object distance decreases. Large Distance Medium Distance Small Distance Images of screen as the object distance gets smaller. Advanced Physics with Vernier – Beyond Mechanics 10 - 5 Experiment 10 Part 2 Convex mirror and virtual images Locating a virtual image is more difficult because it cannot be projected onto a screen, like a real image. It is best to look at the simulation again to learn how images are formed with convex mirrors. No actual data will be provided for this part. Mirror ray traces: https://simbucket.com/lensesandmirrors/ Names that image practice exercise: https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Physics- Interactives/Reflection-and-Mirrors/Name-That-Image/Name-That-Image-Interactive EVALUATION OF DATA 1. Enter the data from the table into a program that allows you to create a graph. Vernier Graphical Analysis, Excel, Google Sheets, or something else. It should consist of two columns, on labeled d-o (for object distance) and d-i (for image distance).. 2. Examine your graph of image distance vs. object distance. What relationship appears to exist between these variables? 3. Rather than performing a curve fit to the data, take steps to modify one or both of the variables so as to produce a linear graph. You may find it necessary to modify the variables on both axes to linearize the graph. When you have done so, write the equation of the bestfit line below. 3. Examine the value and the units of the slope and write them below. 4. Examine the value and units of the vertical intercept and write them below. In view of the modifications you made to the object distance and image distance in order to produce a linear graph, draw a conclusion about the physical significance of the intercept. 10 - 6 Advanced Physics with Vernier – Beyond Mechanics Curved Mirrors and Images 5. Write a general equation of your best-fit line in terms of di, do and f; rearrange the equation so that di and do are on the same side. Compare your results to the spherical mirror equation in your text or a web-based resource. 6. Definition of magnification. The magnification, m, of an image is the ratio of the image height, i, to the object height, o. Using similar triangles, one can show that it is also equal to the ratio of the image distance to the object distance. m= d i =− i o do Note: the negative sign is included as part of the convention to indicate that the real image is inverted. 7. In the sign convention used for spherical mirrors, both the focal length of a convex mirror and the image distance for a virtual image have negative values. The focal length of the convex mirror in the mirror set is –20 cm. Use the spherical mirror equation to calculate the expected distance for the virtual image. How does this compare to image location observed in the simulation program? Does the location in the simulation match with your calculations for the distance from the mirror? What does it mean to have a negative image distance with a convex mirror? Advanced Physics with Vernier – Beyond Mechanics 10 - 7 Image as the object get closer to a concave mirror. A is furthest away while J in the closest. A B C D E F G H J
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PHYS 1119

Curved Mirrors and Images

NAME: ________________________________

Experiment 10

SECTION: ____

INTRODUCTION
While we all feel familiar with the images we see in plane mirrors, our experiences with their
curved counterparts might be limited to cosmetic mirrors or the side view mirrors on
automobiles. In this experiment, you will explore the characteristics of the real and virtual
images formed by curved mirrors. Then you will develop a mathematical relationship describing
the relationship between the positions of the object and the real image formed by concave
mirrors.

OBJECTIVES
In this experiment, you will





Use curved mirrors to produce real and virtual images.
Explore how the position of the object affects the appearance, orientation, and size of real
images produced by concave mirrors.
Explore how mirror characteristics and the position of the object affect the appearance,
orientation, and size of virtual images produced by concave and convex mirrors.
Determine the relationship between object distance, image distance, focal length, and
magnification in real images produced by concave mirrors.

MATERIALS
Logger Pro
Vernier Dynamics System track
Vernier Optics Expansion Kit

Vernier Mirror Set
small plane mirror
Videos
Data Set

VIDEO AND SIMULATION INVESTIGATION
1. The convex mirror is placed at one end of the track. The camera (eye) is at the other end
of the track so that you can see an image in the mirror. The image and camera are moved
closer to the mirror. In what way does the image of yourself differ from that which
you would see if you were looking into a plane mirror? How does the image change
when you move the mirror closer to you?
The “Convex Mirror Movie” on D2L shows this effect.
The image is diminished and appears to be closer unlike the plane mirror whose image is
the same size as object and image distance is equal to the object distance. As you move
closer to the mirror, the size of the image increases.
There are a couple of other ways to test this at home. These are options if the recording
doesn’t work for you.

Advanced Physics with Vernie...


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