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ANTICIPATORY ETHICS.

Issues at R&D.

OVERVIEW
Case Study Summary

Ethical Principles/Rules

Central Ethical Problem

Application via Stakeholder POV

Central Technical Problem

Anticipatory Ethics

Stakeholders

Recommendation

SUMMARY OF
CASE STUDY

We look at the ethical studies of emerging technology
ethics or ATE (anticipatory ethics). This involves
studying ethical issues at the R&D and introducing
technology by anticipating future possibilities in
terms of social consequences. The main challenge in
this developmental analysis can anticipate future
uncertainties. As such, it is challenging to predict the
ethical issues that will emerge in the future. As a
result, the paper can only speculate about future
applications and uses. If recent developments and
trends are anything to go, predicting and speculating
about future technologies are often result in wrong
predictions, which may result in irrelevant or
misguided sets of ethical issues. Therefore, emerging
technologies' main challenge is to deal with
epistemological problems concerning future devices,
applications, social consequences, and uses.

CENTRAL
ETHICAL
PROBLEM

How can we effectively predict future applications and
uses. How can we come up with the best method to
predict the future.
Applications are developed with an aim of making life
better and we should therefore be able to predict
how these applications should look like in future.

CENTRAL
TECHNICAL
PROBLEM

Should an organization be allowed to choose the best
applications to give them the best results.

Individual relativism - the view that
what is ethically right is relative to the
individual or to one’s culture

Utilitarianism - to choose the action
that will produce the maximum amount
of happiness for the maximum number
of people

Categorical imperative II - to treat
humanity always at the same time as an
end, never simply as a means

ETHICAL
PRINCIPLES

Nonmaleficence - to do no harm

APPLICATION
PRINCIPLES

Justice - that one is able to claim
that to which they are entitled
and are treated fairly and
equally
Respect for autonomy - the
right to participate in and decide
on a course of action without
influence

Rule 2 - the responsibility of an individual is
not reduced simply because more people
become involved in designing, developing,
and deploying or using the artifact

Rule 3 - people who knowingly use a
particular computing artifact are morally
responsible for that use

Rule 5 - people who participate in a
computing artifact should not deceive others
about the artifact or its foreseeable effects

THE RULES
FOR
COMPUTING
ARTIFACTS

STAKEHOLDERS.
Many stakeholders in anticipatory ethics like James Moor, Deborah Johnson, Philip
Brey, and Verbeck have varied approaches to anticipating future ethical issues. For
instance, in his model "Dynamic Ethics" model, James Moor combines the practical
and ethical deontological problems and acknowledges the policy vacuum in
anticipatory ethics. He, therefore, proposes a three-staged approach,

STAGES PROPOSED.
i. Introduction stage
Under this stage, he ...