ERSC 1P92 –EXTREME EARTH – ASSIGNMENT 3
ASSIGNMENT DUE BY Wednesday December 9th, 11:55 PM
Preamble: In this assignment we pull together material covered in Modules 3, 4 and 5 (and to some
extent also Module 2!). Please answer all questions before entering your answers under the Tests
& Quizzes section in Sakai. Points per question are given in brackets (x).
Work through the assignment, then, when you have it complete, go to the Tests & Quizzes tab in
Sakai to enter your answers and submit the assignment. Rules and guidelines for assignments are in
your course syllabus. As always with online tools, save your work frequently while entering answers.
Interpretation of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Plate tectonic movement on Tralfamadore.
Introduction
Earthquakes and volcanoes not only cause disasters on Earth, they also provide valuable
information about the structure of the Earth, particularly its crust. Earthquakes occur most
commonly along plate margins, as we saw in the section on the distribution of earthquakes.
In fact, the distribution of earthquakes can be used to distinguish divergent and transform
plate boundaries from convergent plate boundaries. Some types of volcanoes develop along
plate margins and other types form in settings that are well way from plate margins. In this
assignment you will use the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes on the fictitious
planet of Tralfamadore (a place created by the late American author Kurt Vonnegut in his
novel “Slaughterhouse Five; or, The Children's Crusade: A Duty-Dance with Death”). The
purpose of the assignment is to give you the opportunity to determine the location of
tectonic plate boundaries and other features that have been discussed in this course (most
from Modules 3, 4 and 5 but one feature comes from Module 2).
In addition to this document you will need to download the Assignment 3 map and the
Assignment 3 Tutorial.
The map shows:
1) the distribution of land masses on Tralfamadore that are surrounded by an ocean,
2) the location where volcanoes occur, and
3) where earthquakes have taken place on the planet.
4) Feature reference numbers, Volcano Reference letters, Plate tectonic movement
direction roman numerals (for use in assignment questions)
You should review the Module material on the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes in
order to interpret the data on the map provided. The Assignment 3 Tutorial provides crucial
information and advice on how to go about completing the assignment. You are strongly
encouraged to review the tutorial before completing the assignment.
REMINDER! Please answer all questions before entering your answers in the
Tests & Quizzes tool
Instructions
QUESTION 1: Submit a copy of the Tralfamadore map to the Tests and Quizzes tool, on
which you have added the information outlined below.
The completed copy of the MAP must be upload as a PDF copy. (ONLY a PDF, no word file, no pages
files, anything other than a PDF will be awarded 0 (zero) marks)
•
•
The map is available in JPG format (and PDF format) that you can download to any
software that will allow you to add coloured lines and text to the image and then
save it for submission through Sakai.
If you cannot annotate the map digitally you can print it out and add the required
information with coloured pencils and then scan or photograph your work and save
as a PDF and then submit as the completed assignment.
HOWEVER – Make sure that the map is legible or it will not be marked!
On the map complete each of the following:
PART I Sketch the location of all plate boundaries that can be identified on the basis of the
distribution of earthquakes:
a) Show any trenches that you think might be present as continuous RED lines.
(5 points)
b) Show any oceanic ridges that you think might be present as continuous BLACK
lines. (5 points)
c) Show the location of any transform faults that you think might be present as
continuous GREEN lines. (5 points)
Note: Be very precise in the placement of your lines for these tectonic boundaries.
PART II Based on the pattern of depth of earthquakes:
a) Identify where subduction is taking place on the map at the steepest angle from
the horizontal (label this location with an arrow and with the letter “A”). (2 points)
b) Identify where subduction is taking place on the map at the lowest angle from
the horizontal (label this location with an arrow and with the letter “B”). (2 points)
c) Can you recognize any location where there may be a “seismic gap”? If you think
that there is one label this location with an arrow and with the letter “C”. (2 points)
Note: Be very precise in the placement of your ‘letters’ – The letter size should be
APPROXIMATELY THE SIZE shown above (ie. ~18 pt font)
PART III The following questions (2-27) will refer to the feature reference numbers, volcano
reference letters and Plate tectonic movement direction reference roman numerals posted
on the Tralfamadore map. For ease of recognition and reference, each number/ letter/
roman numerals has been provided on a separate Tralfamadore map.
ANSWERS for these questions must be entered in the ‘’Tests and quizzes’’ tool on Sakai.
The following questions (2 to 7) refer to ‘’Feature reference numbers” Ie. .
1
QUESTION 2 The feature marked ‘’1”’ on the Tralfamadore map could most reasonably be
described as the following: (1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Himalaya type mountains (continental/continental crust collision)
Andes type mountains (continental/oceanic crust collision)
Island arcs (oceanic/oceanic crust collision)
Continental rift valley (divergent boundary within a continent)
Area tectonically similar to San Andreas Fault, California (transform fault cutting
continent)
F) Area Tectonically similar to Hawaii (Volcanic Island chain within plate, aligned with
plate movement)
G) Area Tectonically similar to Iceland (Volcanic Island on divergent boundary)
H) A record of a large meteorite impact event
QUESTION 3 The feature marked ‘’2”’ on the Tralfamadore map could most reasonably be
described as the following: (1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Himalaya type mountains (continental/continental crust collision)
Andes type mountains (continental/oceanic crust collision)
Island arcs (oceanic/oceanic crust collision)
Continental rift valley (divergent boundary within a continent)
Area tectonically similar to San Andreas Fault, California (transform fault cutting
continent)
F) Area Tectonically similar to Hawaii (Volcanic Island chain within plate, aligned with
plate movement)
G) Area Tectonically similar to Iceland (Volcanic Island on divergent boundary)
H) A record of a large meteorite impact event
QUESTION 4 The feature marked ‘’3”’ on the Tralfamadore map could most reasonably be
described as the following: (1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Himalaya type mountains (continental/continental crust collision)
Andes type mountains (continental/oceanic crust collision)
Island arcs (oceanic/oceanic crust collision)
Continental rift valley (divergent boundary within a continent)
Area tectonically similar to San Andreas Fault, California (transform fault cutting
continent)
F) Area Tectonically similar to Hawaii (Volcanic Island chain within plate, aligned with
plate movement)
G) Area Tectonically similar to Iceland (Volcanic Island on divergent boundary)
H) A record of a large meteorite impact event
QUESTION 5 The feature marked ‘’4”’ on the Tralfamadore map could most reasonably be
described as the following: (1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Himalaya type mountains (continental/continental crust collision)
Andes type mountains (continental/oceanic crust collision)
Island arcs (oceanic/oceanic crust collision)
Continental rift valley (divergent boundary within a continent)
Area tectonically similar to San Andreas Fault, California (transform fault cutting
continent)
F) Area Tectonically similar to Hawaii (Volcanic Island chain within plate, aligned with
plate movement)
G) Area Tectonically similar to Iceland (Volcanic Island on divergent boundary)
H) A record of a large meteorite impact event
QUESTION 6 The feature marked ‘’5”’ on the Tralfamadore could most reasonably be
described as the following: (1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Himalaya type mountains (continental/continental crust collision)
Andes type mountains (continental/oceanic crust collision)
Island arcs (oceanic/oceanic crust collision)
Continental rift valley (divergent boundary within a continent)
Area tectonically similar to San Andreas Fault, California (transform fault cutting
continent)
F) Area Tectonically similar to Hawaii (Volcanic Island chain within plate, aligned with
plate movement)
G) Area Tectonically similar to Iceland (Volcanic Island on divergent boundary)
H) A record of a large meteorite impact event
QUESTION 7 The feature marked ‘’6”’ on the Tralfamadore map could most reasonably be
described as the following: (1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Himalaya type mountains (continental/continental crust collision)
Andes type mountains (continental/oceanic crust collision)
Island arcs (oceanic/oceanic crust collision)
Continental rift valley (divergent boundary within a continent)
Area tectonically similar to San Andreas Fault, California (transform fault cutting
continent)
F) Area Tectonically similar to Hawaii (Volcanic Island chain within plate, aligned with
plate movement)
G) Area Tectonically similar to Iceland (Volcanic Island on divergent boundary)
H) A record of a large meteorite impact event
The following questions (8 to 13) refer to ‘’Volcano reference letters” Ie
U
QUESTION 8 The volcano marked ‘’U”’ on the Tralfamadore map could most reasonably be
described as the following: (1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Predominantly Basaltic magma composition
Predominantly Andesitic magma composition
Predominantly Granitic magma composition
A volcano is unlikely to be found at this locality
QUESTION 9 The volcano marked ‘’V”’ on the Tralfamadore map could most reasonably be
described as the following: (1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Predominantly Basaltic magma composition
Predominantly Andesitic magma composition
Predominantly Granitic magma composition
A volcano is unlikely to be found at this locality
QUESTION 10 The volcano marked ‘’W”’ on the Tralfamadore map could most reasonably be
described as the following: (1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Predominantly Basaltic magma composition
Predominantly Andesitic magma composition
Predominantly Granitic magma composition
A volcano is unlikely to be found at this locality
QUESTION 11 The volcano marked ‘’X”’ on the Tralfamadore map could most reasonably be
described as the following: (1 mk)
A) Predominantly Basaltic magma composition
B) Predominantly Andesitic magma composition
C) Predominantly Granitic magma composition
D) A volcano is unlikely to be found at this locality
QUESTION 12 The volcano marked ‘’Y”’ on the Tralfamadore map could most reasonably be
described as the following: (1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Predominantly Basaltic magma composition
Predominantly Andesitic magma composition
Predominantly Granitic magma composition
A volcano is unlikely to be found at this locality
QUESTION 13 The volcano marked ‘’Z”’ on the Tralfamadore map could most reasonably be
described as the following: (1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
D)
Predominantly Basaltic magma composition
Predominantly Andesitic magma composition
Predominantly Granitic magma composition
A volcano is unlikely to be found at this locality
The following questions (14 to 20) refer to ‘’Plate tectonic movement direction reference
roman numeral” Ie
i
QUESTION 14 The roman numeral marked ‘’i”’ on the Tralfamadore map would represent
Plate tectonic movement in the following direction (if drawn on the map at the location of
‘i’): (1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
G)
H)
↑
↓
←
→
↖
↗
↘
↙
QUESTION 15 The roman numeral marked ‘’ii”’ on the Tralfamadore map would represent
Plate tectonic movement in the following direction (if drawn on the map at the location of
‘ii’): (1 mk)
↑
J) ↓
K) ←
L) →
M) ↖
N) ↗
O) ↘
P) ↙
I)
QUESTION 16 The roman numeral marked ‘’iii”’ on the Tralfamadore map would represent
Plate tectonic movement in the following direction (if drawn on the map at the location of
‘iii’): (1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
G)
H)
↑
↓
←
→
↖
↗
↘
↙
QUESTION 17 The roman numeral marked ‘’iv”’ on the Tralfamadore map would represent
Plate tectonic movement in the following direction (if drawn on the map at the location of
‘iv’): (1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
↑
↓
←
D)
E)
F)
G)
H)
→
↖
↗
↘
↙
QUESTION 18 The roman numeral marked ‘’v”’ on the Tralfamadore map would represent
Plate tectonic movement in the following direction (if drawn on the map at the location of
‘v’): (1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
G)
H)
↑
↓
←
→
↖
↗
↘
↙
QUESTION 19 The roman numeral marked ‘’vi”’ on the Tralfamadore map would represent
Plate tectonic movement in the following direction (if drawn on the map at the location of
‘vi’): (1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
G)
H)
↑
↓
←
→
↖
↗
↘
↙
QUESTION 20 The roman numeral marked ‘’vii”’ on the Tralfamadore map would represent
Plate tectonic movement in the following direction (if drawn on the map at the location of
‘vii’): (1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
G)
H)
↑
↓
←
→
↖
↗
↘
↙
The following questions (21 to 27) refer to features on the Tralfamadore map and
information provided in Module 5
QUESTION 21 Which of the volcano localities labelled on the Tralfamadore map would you most
TYPICALLY find a ‘’Shield volcano’’? (2 mk) (Up to 2 answers possible)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
QUESTION 22 Which of the feature localities labelled on the Tralfamadore map would you most
TYPICALLY find a ‘’Plinian/Ultra Plinian” type of eruption” ? ( 1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
QUESTION 23 Which of the feature localities labelled on the Tralfamadore map would you most
TYPICALLY find a ‘’Volcanic Explosive Index (VEI)” of zero (0) ? (1 mk)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
QUESTION 24 Which of the feature localities labelled on the Tralfamadore map would you most
TYPICALLY find Pahoehoe lava? (2 mk) (Up to 2 answers possible)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
QUESTION 25 Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the Volcano’s found on the
Tralfamadore map? (1 mk)
A) The Basaltic type volcano(s) are high in iron and low in potassium, AND have Temperatures
(in degrees Celsius) that range from 1000-1200
B) The Andesitic type volcano(s) have Intermediate magnesium and sodium chemical
composition AND have Temperatures (in degrees Celsius) that range from 800 -1000
C) The Granitic type volcano(s) have 65-85% SiO2 AND have Temperatures (in degrees Celsius)
that range from 600 - 1200
D) The Basaltic type volcano(s) have 45-55% SiO2, AND have low Gas content
E) The Andesitic type volcano(s) have 55-65% SiO2 AND have an intermediate viscosity
F) The Granitic type volcano(s) are low in iron and high in potassium, AND have a high Gas
content
QUESTION 26 The inhabitants of Tralfamadore are concerned about their health and safety
because of the volcanic gases that may be emitted by the various volcanoes in the area depicted on
the map provided. Which volcano should they be most concerned about in terms of their direct
health and safety? (2 mk) (Up to 2 answers possible)
A) Volcano located at a hotspot, since it emits the largest proportion of Carbon dioxide
which can displace the oxygen we need for respiration.
B) Volcano located at a divergent margin, since it emits the largest proportion of sulphur
dioxide which can seep into the soil in high enough amounts to kill trees and small
animals
C) Volcano located at a convergent margin, since it emits the largest proportion of Water
vapour which can displace the oxygen we need for respiration.
D) Volcano located at a hotspot, since it emits the largest proportion of Carbon monoxide
which is one of the volcanic gasses that can cause the greatest number of fatalities.
E) Volcano located at a Divergent margin, since it emits the largest proportion of Hydrogen
which can cause an increase in global temperatures as a greenhouse gas.
F) Volcano located at a convergent margin, since it emits the largest proportion of
Hydrogen chloride which can produce a haze that can last for months and kill livestock.
QUESTION 27 The inhabitants of Tralfamadore are concerned about their future well-being and
would like to monitor certain areas more closely. Which area do you suggest they focus their limited
resources to monitor for potential future disasters? (1 mk)
A) Location Y as this is a location of a potentially deadly Stratovolcano
B) Location ‘’Z’’ as this is potentially the location of a ‘’supervolcano’’ similar to the area
near Yellowstone National Park.
C) Location ii as the direction of plate movement suggests that the plate could continue
moving well into the future.
D) Location 3 as a Magnitude 12.1 earthquake has occurred here and could very likely occur
again.
E) None of the localities on the Tralfamadore map should be monitored as they present no
future danger
Submit your completed map via the “Test and Quizzes” tool on the Sakai site for this
course.(Question 1)
The completed copy of the MAP must be upload as a PDF copy. (ONLY a PDF, no word file, no pages
files, anything other than a PDF will be awarded 0 (zero) marks)
Answer questions 2 to 27 in the “Test and Quizzes’’ tool on the Sakai site as well.
ASSIGNMENT DUE BY Wednesday December 9th, 11:55 PM
TRALFAMADORE
(Magnitude 12.1)
MAP
(To print and
hand in)
MAP LEGEND
EARTHQUAKE FOCI
1.
Feature reference number
(For assignment Questions)
0-70 km
Land area
70 –300 km
Ocean
U
Volcano reference letter
(For assignment Questions)
300 + km
Volcano
i
Plate Tectonic movement direction reference letter (For assignment Questions)
MAP INSTRUCTIONS
PART I Sketch the location of the following plate boundaries that can be identified on the basis of the distribution of earthquakes:
a) Show any trenches that you think might be present as continuous RED lines. (5 points)
b) Show any oceanic ridges that you think might be present as continuous BLACK lines. (5 points)
c) Show the location of any transform faults that you think might be present as continuous GREEN lines. (5 points)
Note: Be very precise in the placement of your lines for these tectonic boundaries.
PART II Based on the pattern of depth of earthquakes:
a)
a) Identify where subduction is taking place on the map at the steepest angle from the horizontal (label this location with an arrow and with the
letter “A”). (2 points)
b)
b) Identify where subduction is taking place on the map at the lowest angle from the horizontal (label this location with an arrow and with the
letter “B”). (2 points)
c)
c) Can you recognize any location where there may be a “seismic gap”? If you think that there is one label this location with an arrow and with the
letter “C”. (2 points)
Note: Be very precise in the placement of your ‘letters’ – The letter size should be APPROXIMATELY THE SIZE shown above (ie. ~18 pt font)
Once you have completed Part I and II save the map as a PDF document and UPLOAD to the ‘’Tests and quizzes’’ tool on Sakai.
PART III Questions in the assignment document will refer to the feature reference numbers, volcano reference letters and Plate tectonic movement
direction reference roman numerals posted on the Tralfamador map. For ease of recognition and reference, each number or letter has been provided
as well on a separate map. ANSWERS for these questions must be entered in the ‘’Tests and quizzes’’ tool on Sakai.
TRALFAMADORE
3.
MAP
(Magnitude 12.1)
Selected features
ONLY
(Refer to Q’s 2-7)
1.
2.
4.
6.
5.
TRALFAMADORE
MAP
(Magnitude 12.1)
VOLCANOS ONLY
(Refer to Q’s 8-13)
V
U
W
Y
X
Z
TRALFAMADORE
MAP
(Magnitude 12.1)
ii
i
Plate tectonic
directions ONLY
(Refer to
Q’s 14-20)
iii
vi
iv
v
vii
ERSC 1P92
Assignment 3. Interpretation of Earthquakes
and Volcanoes on Trafalmadore.
This tutorial is based on a Powerpoint presentation so the pages are referred to as “slides”.
The aim of this assignment is to identify plate boundaries and the
location of various geological features on the basis of the spatial
distribution of earthquakes and the location of volcanoes and the type
of magma that they are made from.
Detailed instructions are given in the assignment itself which can be
downloaded from the course Sakai page.
The following slides were used to give several detailed hints as to how
to successfully complete the assignment.
Note that the final slide in this set provides useful information about1 the
distribution of volcanoes that will help you complete the assignment.
Tectonic plate boundaries on Earth are delineated by the distribution of
earthquakes. In this assignment you will look for patterns of
earthquakes on the fictitious planet of Trafalmadore in order to identify
plate boundaries and volcanic islands and to predict where mountain
would be found.
2
1. Oceanic trenches
Subducting crust gets “stuck” as it descends, storing
energy that is released to cause an earthquake.
Earthquakes occur beneath and within the obducting
(over-riding) plate.
3
Foci become deeper in the direction of subduction; to a
maximum depth of 700 km.
Foci delineate the path of the subducting crust.
4
Most foci occur along the top of
or within the subducting plate
with some associated with the
island arc.
The top of the subducting crust
is cooler than the bottom and
generates more friction.
5
A similar pattern of
earthquakes occurs where
oceanic crust subducts
beneath continental crust.
Earthquakes also occur
within the obducting
continental crust due to
compressive forces that
cause movement along
thrust faults.
6
Important Points
1. Oceanic trenches
•Deep earthquakes only occur in association with oceanic trenches.
•They are a associated with BOTH shallow and intermediate earthquake.
•Shallow, intermediate and deep earthquakes occur in linear distributions
that are parallel to each other and parallel to the trench.
•The trench is parallel to and ALWAYS on the side of the line or band of
shallow earthquakes where earthquakes are absent.
•This pattern from shallower to deeper earthquakes may extend beneath
continents (a major land mass) or island arc (linear islands that parallel
the trench).
•Earthquake foci become progressively deeper in the direction of
subduction.
7
Oceanic Ridges
Largely shallow
earthquakes (foci
above 70 km depth)
along the length of the
ridge.
Motion is periodic;
rocks stick,
accumulate energy and
release it when they
break.
8
Earthquakes are generated:
1. Along the ridge axis due to sea-floor
spreading.
2. Along transform faults due to lateral slipping
between plates.
9
The San Andreas Fault is a
transform fault that has been
over-ridden by the North
American Plate.
The fault experiences over
15,000 earthquakes per year.
10
Important Points
2. Oceanic ridges and transform faults
•Oceanic ridges display a linear pattern of earthquakes, all of which
have relatively shallow foci.
•If deep or intermediate earthquakes lie parallel to the band of shallow
earthquakes, it is not a ridge, it is a trench.
•Transform faults displace the oceanic ridge and these faults are also
characterized by a linear pattern of shallow earthquakes.
•Combined the ridge and transform faults form two approximately
perpendicular trending linear patterns of shallow earthquakes.
•Plate movement is away from the ridge axis, in opposite directions on
either side of the ridge.
•If you know the direction of plate movement based on the location of
the trenches and the direction of subduction you can distinguish ridges
11
from transform faults.
For this assignment you should identify the trenches first.
Deep earthquakes only occur in association with oceanic trenches.
They are a associated with BOTH shallow and intermediate earthquake.
Shallow, intermediate and deep earthquakes occur in linear distributions
that are parallel to each other and parallel to the trench.
12
The trench is parallel to and ALWAYS on the side of the line or band of
shallow earthquakes where earthquakes are absent.
13
Earthquake foci become progressively deeper in the direction of
subduction.
Important point: if, along a line that is perpendicular to what you
believe to be there trench, the pattern is not one of shallow, to
intermediate to deep earthquakes along that line (e.g., if it is shallow to
deep or only shallow to intermediate) you are not observing a simple
trench but possibly a more complex situation where two plate boundaries
are in close proximity to each other.
Direction
of
subduction
14
You can use the direction of subduction to distinguish the subducting
plate from the over-riding plate.
15
This pattern from shallower to deeper earthquakes away from the trench
may extend beneath continents (a major land mass) or island arcs (linear
islands that parallel the trench).
In this example there are long, narrow islands parallel to the trench and
on the over-riding plate. Therefore, these are volcanic islands of an
Island Arc Complex.
16
When trenches lie parallel to continental masses, the compressive
forces and volcanic activity form linear mountain belts, on the
continent, that parallel the trench like the Andes along the western side
of North America.
Mountain Belt
17
How steep is
Subduction?
As seen on a map, the
narrower the band of
earthquakes on the map, the
steeper the angle of
subduction.
18
Oceanic ridges are delineated by
a linear pattern of shallow
earthquakes.
If deep or intermediate earthquakes
lie parallel to the band of shallow
earthquake, it is not a ridge, it is a
trench.
Note that Iceland is a
volcanic island that is a part
of the North Atlantic Ridge.
19
Transform faults displace the oceanic ridge and these faults are also
characterized by a linear pattern of shallow earthquakes.
20
Combined the ridge and transform faults form two approximately
perpendicular trending linear patterns of shallow earthquakes.
21
The question is: which of the linear trends of shallow earthquakes is
along the ridge and which is along transform faults?
22
Plate movement is away from the ridge axis, in opposite directions on
either side of the ridge.
You know the direction of plate movement based on the location of the
trenches so you can determine which linear trending shallow
earthquakes represent the oceanic ridge.
23
Decide for yourself which of the following figures are correct based on
the direction of plate movement.
OR
24
Remember:
Transform faults can pass though
continents to connect ridges…
where they form a linear pattern
of shallow earthquakes.
Ridges do not pass through
continents to connect transform
faults.
25
The following information is broadly true of volcanoes:
Basaltic volcanoes: occur along oceanic ridges and away from
plate boundaries as hot spot volcanoes on basaltic oceanic crust
(e.g., Hawaiian Islands)
Andesitic volcanoes: found on parallel to oceanic trenches on the
over-riding plate.
Granitic volcanoes: occur over hot spot volcanoes on continental
crust.
26
EXAMPLES OF PLATE TECTONIC BOUNDARIES AS SEEN ON MAPS
LEGEND:
= Tectonic Plate
= Plate boundary
DIVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY
CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARY
(2 EXAMPLES)
TRANSFORM FAULT BOUNDARY
(2 EXAMPLES)
= Direction(s) of Plate movement
0
o
O
O
O
o
o
оо
O
O
TRALFAMADORE
MAP
(To print and
hand in)
0
O
O
O
O
0
0
o
O
o
o
O
о
O
O
O
0
0
0
000000
O
O
O
(Magnitude 12.1)
O 0000 0000 0000 00
Purchase answer to see full
attachment