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CHAPTER 10 / THE WORLDS OF CHRISTENDOM, 500-1300
Clovis, saying: "Let not the people perish further,
we pray; we are yours now." And he stopped the
fighting, and after encouraging his men, retired in
peace and told the queen how he had had merit to
win the victory by calling on the name of Christ.
This happened in the fifteenth year of his reign.
And so the king confessed all-powerful God in
the Trinity, and was baptized in the name of the
Father, Son and Holy Spirit, and was anointed
with the holy ointment with the sign of the cross
of Christ. And of his army more than 3,000 were
baptized
Source: Gregory Bihop of Tour, History of the Foods, translated
by Emes Behaut (New York Columbia University Prew, 1916
copyright renewed 1944. 1. 2. selections from sect 27, 29, 30,
31, 36-41
Source 10.2
Advice on Dealing with "Pagans"
In their dealings with the "pagan," or non-Christian, peoples and kings of
Western Europe, church authorities such as missionaries, bishops, and the
pope himself sometimes advocated compromise with existing cultural tradi-
tions rather than overt hostility to them. Here Pope Gregory (r. 590-604)
urges the bishop of England to adopt a strategy of accommodation with the
prevailing religious practices of the Anglo-Saxon peoples of the island. Greg-
ory's advice was included in a famous work about the early Christian history
of England, composed by a Benedictine monk known as the Venerable Bede
and completed about 731.
What can we learn about the religious practices of the Anglo-Saxons
from Bede's account?
In what specific ways did the pope urge toleration? And why did he
advocate accommodation or compromise with existing religious prac-
tices? Keep in mind that the political authorities in England at the time
had not yet become thoroughly Christian.
What implication might Gregory's policies have for the beliefs and prac-
tices of English converts?
POPE GREGORY
Advice to the English Church
601
temples of the idols in that tation (England)
that are in them be destroyed; let holy water be
made and sprinkled in the said temples, let altars be
erected, and displaced For if those temples ate
well built, it is requisite that they be converted
from the worship of devik to the service of the true
God, that the nation, seeing that their temples are
not destroyed may remove error from their hearts
and knowing and adoring the true Ciod, may the
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WORKING WITH EVIDENCE / THE MAKING OF CHRISTIAN EUROPE
Notice how Gregory modeled his picture of Clovis on that of Constan-
tine, the famous Roman emperor whose conversion to Christianity in
the fourth century gave official legitimacy and state support to the faith
(see Chapter 4). What message did Gregory seek to convey in making
this implied comparison?
How might a modern secular historian use this document to help
explain the spread of Christianity among the Franks?
GREGORY OF TOURS
History of the Franks
Late Sixth Century
(Clovis] had a first-born son by queen Clotilda,
and as his wife wished to consecrate him in bap-
tism, she tried unceasingly to persuade her hus
band, saying: "The gods you worship are nothing,
and they will be unable to help themselves or any
one else. For they are graven out of stone or wood
or some metal They are endowed rather with
the magic arts than with the power of the divine
name. But he [God ought rather to be worshipped
who created by his word heaven and earth, the
sea and all that in them is out of a state of noth-
ingness. [and] by whose hand mankind was
created..."
But though the queen said this, the spirit of the
king was by no means moved to belief, and he said:
"It was at the command of our gods that all things
were created and came forth, and it is plain that
your God has no power and, what is more, he is
proven not to belong to the family of the gode"
Meantime the faithful queen made her son ready
for baptism; she gave command to adom the
church with hangings and curtains, in order that he
who could not be moved by person might be
urged to belief by this inystery. The boy, whom
they named Ingomer, died after being baptized, still
wearing the white garments in which he became
regenerate. At this the king was violently angry.
and reproached the queen harshly, wying "If the
boy had been dedicated in the name of my gods he
would certainly have lived, but as it is since he was
baptized in the name of your God, he could not
live at all." To this the queen said: "I give thanks to
the omnipotent God, creator of all, who has judged
me not wholly unworthy, that he should deign to
take to his kingdom one born from my womb. My
soul is not stricken with grief for his sake, because
I know that, summoned from this world as he was
in his baptismal garments, he will be fed by the
Vision of God.
The queen did not cease to urge him to recog-
nize the true God and cease worshipping idols. But
he could not be influenced in any way to this
beliet, until at last a war arose with the Alamanni
la Germanic people), in which he was driven by
necessity to confess what before he had of his free
will denied. It came about that as the two armies
were fighting fiercely, there was much slaughter,
and Clovis's army began to be in danger of destruc-
tion. He saw it and raised his eyes to heaven, and
with renione in his heart he burst into tears and
cried "Jesus Christ, whom Clotilda asserts to be
the son of the living God..., I beseech the glory
of thy and with the vow that if thou wilt grant
me victory over these enemies.... I will believe
in thee and be baptized in thy name. For I have
invoked my own gods but find, they have
withdrawn from aiding me, and therefore I believe
that they pones no power, since they do not help
those who obey them. . And when he said
thus, the Alanunni tumed their backs, and began
to disperse in tight. And when they aw that their
king was killed, they submitted to the dominion of
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WORKING WITH EVIDENCE
The Making of Christian Europe
ike Buddhism and Islam, Christianity became a universal religion, taking
Libok wel beyond la place of origin. renty concerniel, tehas new thith
born in a Jewish context in Roman Palestine, spread throughout the Roman
Empire, where it received state support during the fourth century C... In the
centuries that followed the collapse of the western Roman Empire, Chris-
tianity also took hold among the peoples of Western Europe in what are now
England, France, Germany, and Scandinavia. While we often think about this
region as solidly Christian, Western Europe in the period between 500 and
1000 C.E. was very much on the frontier of the Christian world. During those
centuries, a number of emerging monarchs of post-Roman Europe found
the Christian faith and the Church useful in consolidating their new and frag-
ile states by linking them to the legacy of the Roman Empire. But the mak-
ing of Christian Europe was a prolonged and tentative process, filled with
setbacks, resistance, and struggles among variant versions of the faith as well
as growing acceptance and cultural compromise. The documents that follow
illustrate that process.
Source 10.1
The Conversion of Clovis
Among the Germanic peoples of post-Roman Western Europe, none were
of greater significance than the Franks, occupying the region of present-day
France (see Map 10.1, page 417). By the early sixth century, a loosely united
Frankish kingdom had emerged under the leadership of Clovis (t. 485-511).
whose Merovingian dynasty ruled the area until 751. Clovis's conversion to
Christianity was described about a century later by a well-known bishop and
writer, Gregory of Tours (538-596). It was an important step in the triumph
of Christianity over Frankich "paganiun." It aho marked the victory of what
would later become Roman Catholictum, based on the idea of the Trinity
over a rival forn or the Christian faith, known as Arianism, which held that
Jesus was created divine being subordinate to God the Father
According to Gregory, what led to the conversion of Clove
What we are evident in the religious dicsoms or Clovis and is
wife, Clotilda
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