Need help in writing a case study 14.3 (Page numbers 500 and 501) at the end of Project management achieving competitive advantages 4th edition by Jeffery K Pinto chapter 14 . Explain about the case and answer all the 4 questions in the case study. The case study shall be in APA format with a minimum of 4 outside references.Questions in the case study1. The U.S. Department of Defense has a long history of sponsoring projects that have questionableusefulness. If you were assigned as a member of aproject review team for a defense project, what criteria would you insist such a project has in orderto be supported? In other words, what are the bareessentials needed to support such a project?2. Why, in your opinion, is there such a long history of defense projects overshooting their budgets or failing some critical performance metrics?(Consider other project cases in this text, including the Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle discussedin Chapter 5.)3. “The mystery is not that the Zumwalt was canceled. The mystery is why it took so long for it tobe canceled.” Do you agree with this assessment?Why or why not?4. Google “criticisms of the Littoral Combat Ship”and identify some of the problems that criticshave listed. In light of these problems, why doyou think the Navy has pressed ahead with thedevelopment of the LCS?

1. English Literature from the Anglo-Saxon period a. reflected oral poetry. b. recorded historical facts only. c. always used rhyming verse. d. was never expressed orally.2. A scop was a person whoa. denounced poetry as immoral. b. denounced poetry as historically inaccurate. c. knew nothing about poetry. d. recited poetry and kept track of a tribe’s historical information.3. “The Seafarer” differs from Beowulf because a. “The Seafarer” says that one must do no harm and be humble. b. “The Seafarer” is an epic tale of conquest. c. Beowulf regrets that good can never triumph over evil. d. Beowulf denounces warfare under any circumstances.4. Why does the Seafarer enjoy the sea? a. He feels an unexplainable joy and excitement when sailing. b. He is free from his responsibilities on land. c. He can forget his lost love when he is at sea. d. He wants to prove his loyalty to his lord by enduring hardship.5. According to lines 68–71 of “The Seafarer,” what is the speaker’s view of death? a. People can triumph over death with determination and hard work. b. Death is counterproductive to the will of God and Fate. c. A force beyond human control decides matters of life and death. d. Religious people do not die.6. The fear that the speaker refers to in lines 41–42 of “The Seafarer” is an admission that  a. the Seafarer hates being a sailor. b. the Seafarer is cowardly. c. the Seafarer lacks faith in a higher power. d. a higher power is in control.7. The first part of “The Seafarer” is the story of a. a man’s life on the sea. b. a sailor’s conversion to Christianity.  c. an exile’s lament for his country. d. an ocean storm off the coast of England.8. What is the reason, despite all the hardships he has suffered, that the speaker in “The Seafarer” continues to follow the life of the sea? a. weary fatalism b. passionate curiosity c. religious vision d. material desires9. According to “The Seafarer,” what happens to earthly success? a. Wealth and glory fade in a brief time. b. God punishes injustices committed by the wealthy. c. Fate rewards the righteous with wealth and glory. d. Wealthy people have greater responsibility.10. Which of the following best describes the speaker’s message at the end of “The Seafarer”? a. Life at sea is both exhilarating and wearisome. b. Gifts of gold for heaven will not redeem a sinful soul. c. Those who walk with God shall be rewarded. d. The earth no longer flourishes in glory.11. When reading Anglo-Saxon poetry, how does recognizing historical context help a reader understand why certain things happen? a. It gives the reader clues about the situation of the time in which the work was written. b. It helps readers restate in their own words what the poem says. c. It requires readers to use a dictionary to find the meanings of complicated words. d. It shows the reader how important correct spelling and grammar are.12. Which element in “The Seafarer” is most characteristic of lyric poetry? a. regular rhythm and rhyme b. strong reliance on figurative language c. intense personal emotion d. narrative structure13. The phrase “summer’s sentinel,” meaning a cuckoo, is an example of a. a kenning. b. a predicate. c. assonance. d. caesura.14. In “The Seafarer,” the speaker finds comfort by a. accepting that the material world will fade away. b. losing faith in God and Fate. c. retiring from life at sea. d. realizing that earthly life is all that exists.15. Who does Grendel’s mother kill to avenge the death of her son? a. Beowulf b. Hrothgar’s friend c. Hrothgar d. Wiglaf16. When he says that God will decide the winner in the fight with Grendel, Beowulf a. expresses a wish to die. b. means that he is tired of fighting. c. shows that he respects Grendel. d. reaffirms his righteousness by respecting God’s will.17. How do you know that Beowulf is an honorable man? a. He is willing to risk his life in order to earn fame by killing Grendel. b. He is known as a follower and cousin of Higlac. c. His father was the great Edgetho, a famous warrior. d. He refuses to use a sword to fight Grendel because Grendel has none.18. Why does Beowulf come to see Hrothgar? a. He wants to help Hrothgar by killing Grendel. b. He has been sent into exile by the king of Geatland. c. He needs Hrothgar’s help against an enemy. d. He comes to seek shelter in Hrothgar’s hall.19. If you interpret Beowulf as a statement about corruption, with Grendel representing organized crime and the mead hall representing society, you are accepting the poem as a(n)  a. metaphor. b. symbol. c. allegory. d. kenning.20. After he becomes king of the Geats, Beowulf a. continues to fight for what he believes is right. b. becomes greedy and selfish. c. lets younger warriors defend his kingdom. d. loses his courage.21. Read the following line from Beowulf and determine its meaning: “The monster’s / Thoughts were as quick as his greed or his claws . . .” a. He is hungry. b. He has intelligence. c. He has sharp claws. d. He is not trustworthy.22. Why is it ironic that after his death the Geats build a tower to memorialize Beowulf? a. Beowulf requested that the tower be built. b. The treasure is left in the tower. c. Beowulf’s body has been cremated. d. Most of the Geats had deserted him in battle.23. Read the following quotation from Beowulf and choose the best way to paraphrase the bolded words: “. . . they could hack at Grendel / From every side, trying to open / A path for his evil soul, but their points / Could not hurt him . . . .” a. to kill him b. to drive him out of the hall c. to turn his soul to God d. to help him escape24. Beowulf finally dies a. after a fight with a dragon. b. as the result of a spell cast by Grendel’s mother.  c. in a fight with Wiglaf. d. after being stabbed in the back by one of his men.25. What weapon does Beowulf use to kill Grendel? a. his sword b. his hands c. a dagger d. a lance26. To what does the poet give credit for Beowulf’s victory over Grendel’s mother? a. God’s judgment b. Beowulf’s kindness c. good luck d. Beowulf’s powerful grip27. How do you know that Beowulf is an epic poem? a. It is a poem about terrible monsters and dragons. b. It is a long poem that tells a story about a legendary hero. c. It tells about real events and real people of long ago. d. It was not written down at first but told by storytellers.28. Why does Bede include a quotation from the Scots in A History of the English Church and People? a. He is trying to flatter the Scots. b. He wants to show how unreasonable the Scots were. c. He wants to provide a complete account of the British Isles. d. He has read the quotation in another work.29. Which statement best describes the Venerable Bede? a. He claimed to have had mystic visions. b. He encouraged laws against pagan practices. c. He claimed to be the reincarnation of Saint John the Apostle. d. He wrote many historical accounts from a Christian perspective.30. Bede performed a valuable function because he a. translated the works of the Greeks into Old English. b. translated the Bible into rustic Latin. c. protested the use of the vernacular. d. generated a history of Britain for the world.31. According to Bede, who settled on the north end of Britain? a. the Scots b. the Picts c. the Britons d. the Irish32. Why does Bede go into such detail in A History of the English Church and People to describe the kinds of shellfish found in Britain? a. He knows his readers are interested in the fish of the seacoast. b. He wants to show how varied and rich the waters of Britain are. c. He wants readers to know the Britons are well nourished. d. He is stressing the importance of the seacoast. 33. What keeps Bede from being completely accurate in his A History of the English Church and People? a. He sometimes accepted unlikely stories as true. b. He usually did not tell where he got information. c. Much of his information comes from his own observations. d. He used the limited resources available to him at the time.34. What does Bede feel most unifies the people of Britain in A History of the English Church and People? a. their love of the land b. their fear of the Picts c. their desire for peace d. their belief in and study of God’s truth35. How does Ireland’s climate compare to Britain’s in A History of the English Church and People? a. It is much colder. b. It is much wetter. c. It is more variable. d. It is superior.36. According to Bede, what is true of Ireland? a. It is the largest island. b. It gets lots of snow. c. It does not have any snakes. d. The climate is too warm.37. Read these quotations from A History of the English Church and People. Based on the details they provide, which quotation is probably the most historically accurate? a. “I have heard that folk suffering from snakebite have drunk water in which scrapings from the leaves of books from Ireland have been steeped . . .” b. “On the opposite side of Britain, which lies open to the boundless ocean, lie the isles of the Orcades.” c. “As Saint Basil says: ‘Water receives its heat when it flows across certain metals, and becomes hot . . .’” d. “. . . almost everything in this isle enjoys immunity to poison . . .”38. What was a reason Bede had for writing A History of the English Church and People? a. to compare Britain and Ireland b. to identify the languages spoken c. to describe the geography of Britain d. to record the history of Britain39. Considering the time in which he wrote, which source would probably have provided Bede with the most reliable information that Britain had “twenty-eight noble cities”? a. personal experience b. testimony from sailors c. records from a monastic library d. accounts in letters40. Which of the following seems to lend the greatest credibility to Bede’s work? a. the large amount of factual, specific, information b. his personal observations on climate c. the references to religion in Britain d. his descriptions of different customsDetermine whether each statement is true or false.41. Comitatus refers to the social structure of Anglo-Saxon society. a. true b. false42. An elegy is a poem that laments hardships and mourns the loss of a better time. a. true b. false43. An epic is a long poem with a larger-than-life hero. a. true b. false44. Vernacular refers to a language spoken by common people. a. true b. false45. Beowulf kills Grendel by ripping his arm out by the roots. a. true b. false46. Grendel attacks Beowulf to avenge the death of Grendel’s mother. a. true b. false47. The vowel sounds of Old English are very different from those of modern English. a. true b. false48. The base language for English, German, French, and Spanish is Indo-European. a. true b. false49. Anglo-Saxon poetry was an oral as well as a written art. a. true b. false50. Old English is a Germanic language. a. true b. false

INSTRUCTIONSRead the following article and answer the questions at the end. Submit a MS Word document or *.pdf file with your responses to the assignment dropbox. All answers should be in your own words (do not copy and paste definitions). Answer each question in more than two complete sentence; some answers may require more explanation than others. You will be deducted points for short and incomplete answers.A ROGUE CLIMATE EXPERIMENT OUTRAGES SCIENTISTSA California businessman chartered a fishing boat in July, loaded it with 100 tons of iron dust and cruised through Pacific waters off western Canada, spewing his cargo into the sea in an ecological experiment that has outraged scientists and government officials. The entrepreneur, whose foray came to light only this week, even duped the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in the United States into lending him ocean-monitoring buoys for the project. Canada's environment ministry says it is investigating the experiment, which was carried out with no government or scientific oversight. A spokesman said the ministry had warned the venture in advance that its plan would violate international agreements.Marine scientists and other experts have assailed the experiment as unscientific, irresponsible and probably in violation of those agreements, which are intended to prevent tampering with ocean ecosystems under the guise of trying to fight the effects of climate change. Though the environmental impact of the foray could well prove minimal, scientists said, it raises the specter of what they have long feared: rogue field experiments that might unintentionally put the environment at risk.The entrepreneur, Russ George, calling it a "state-of-the-art study," said his team scattered iron dust several hundred miles west of the islands of Haida Gwaii, in northern British Columbia, in exchange for $2.5 million from a native Canadian group. The iron spawned the growth of enormous amounts of plankton, which Mr. George, a former fisheries and forestry worker, said might allow the project to meet one of its goals: aiding the recovery of the local salmon fishery for the native Haida.Plankton absorbs carbon dioxide, the predominant greenhouse gas, and settles deep in the ocean when it dies, sequestering carbon. The Haida had hoped that by burying carbon, they could also sell so-called carbon offset credits to companies and make money. Iron fertilization is contentious because it is associated with geoengineering, a set of proposed strategies for counteracting global warming through the deliberate manipulation of the environment. Many experts have argued that scientists should be researching such geoengineering techniques — like spewing compounds into the atmosphere to reflect more sunlight or using sophisticated machines to remove carbon dioxide from the air. But tampering with the environment is risky, they say, so any experiments must be carried out responsibly and transparently, with the involvement of the scientific community and proper governance."Geoengineering is extremely controversial," said Andrew Parker, a fellow at the Belfer Center at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard. "There is a need to protect the environment while making sure safe and legitimate research can go ahead."Mark L. Wells, a marine scientist at the University of Maine, said that what Mr. George did "could be described as ocean dumping." Dr. Wells said it would be difficult for Mr. George to demonstrate what impact the iron had on the plankton and called it "extraordinarily unlikely" that Mr. George could prove that the experiment met the goal of permanently removing some carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.NOAA acknowledged that it had provided the project with 20 instrument-laden buoys that drift in the ocean for a year or more and measure water temperature, salinity and other characteristics. Such buoys are often sent out on what the agency calls "vessels of opportunity," and the data they provide, uploaded to satellites, is publicly available. But a spokesman said the agency had been "misled" by the group, which "did not disclose that it was going to discharge material into the ocean." The nature of Mr. George's project was first reported this week in an article in The Guardian, a British newspaper, after it was revealed by the ETC Group, a watchdog group in Montreal that opposes geoengineering.Mr. Parker, of Harvard's Kennedy School, said it appeared that the project had contravened two international agreements on geoengineering, the London Convention on the dumping of wastes at sea and a moratorium declared by the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity — as well as a set of principles developed at Oxford University on transparency, regulation and the need for public participation.Mr. George, said that his experiment was not related to geoengineering, and that 100 tons was a negligible amount of iron compared to what naturally enters the oceans. "This is a community trying to maintain its livelihood," he said of the Haida. He said his team had collected a "golden mountain" of data on the plankton bloom. Mr. George, who described himself as chief scientist on the project and said he has training as a plant ecologist, refused to name any of the other scientists on the team. Scientists who have been involved with sanctioned iron fertilization experiments strongly disputed Mr. George's assertion about the quality of his experiment, saying that it was roughly 10 times bigger than any other but that the fishing boat used and the science team were clearly insufficient.Victor Smetacek, an oceanographer with the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in Germany who recently published an analysis of sanctioned fertilization research conducted in 2004 in the Southern Ocean, said Mr. George's project would give a black eye to legitimate research. "This kind of behavior is disastrous," he said, describing Mr. George, with whom he had brief contact more than five years ago, as a "messing around, bumbling guy."Mr. George, 62, of Northern California, was previously in the public eye when, as chief executive of a company called Planktos, he proposed a similar iron-fertilization project, in the equatorial Pacific west of the Galápagos Islands, whose purpose was the sale of carbon offsets. Under cap-and-trade programs in various countries, polluters can offset their emissions of greenhouse gases by buying credits from projects that store carbon or otherwise mitigate global warming.The project was canceled in 2008 after what his company called a "disinformation campaign" by environmentalists and others made it impossible to attract investors. Mr. George said that during that period he was contacted by the Old Massett Village Council, one of two Haida groups on Haida Gwaii, about "wanting to do something about their fish," which had suffered population declines. But John Disney, the council's economic development director, said he had worked with Mr. George on other projects before, including one to generate carbon credits by replacing alder forests on the islands with conifers. That project never came to fruition.Mr. Disney defended the iron sprinkling project, saying that it had been approved by Old Massett's villagers and cleared by the council's lawyers. He said at least seven Canadian government agencies were aware of the project. But a spokesman for Canada's environment minister said Thursday that the salmon group was twice warned in advance that its plan violated international agreements Canada had signed that would prohibit an iron-seeding project with a commercial element, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation reported. Mr. Disney also said that the marine science community, including researchers at the Wegener Institute in Germany, had known about the project. But Mr. Smetacek disputed that as well. "I've had no contact with this guy on this," he said, referring to Mr. George.Correction: October 20, 2012An article on Friday about an unauthorized iron fertilization experiment in the Pacific Ocean misstated the year in which a sanctioned experiment that was analyzed in a recent journal article had been carried out. It was 2004, not 2009. Ian Austen contributed reporting from Ottawa.Fountain, Henry. "A Rogue Climate Experiment Outrages Scientists." New York Times [New York] 18 Oct. 2012: A1. New York Times, 18 Oct. 2012. Web. 25 Nov. 2016.QUESTIONSWithout doing any research, brainstorm for 5 minutes everything you know about the term "climate change" and write down your thoughts. Answer each of the following as best you can. Note: You will not be penalized for your thoughts - Question 1 is a completion score (5 points)a. What is climate change?b. What causes climate change? Do humans affect climate change?c. How is the climate changing? Warmer, colder, what?d. What does carbon dioxide have to do with climate change?e. What might the consequences if climate changes either significantly warmer or colder?After you have answered question 1, rearch climate change on the internet, using two or more reliable internet sources. Then, write your revisions to your knowledge about climate change. Cite your sources from which you get information. (10 points)a. What is climate change?b. What causes climate change? Do humans affect climate change?c. How is the climate changing? Warmer, colder, what?d. What does carbon dioxide have to do with climate change?e. What might the consequences if climate changes either significantly warmer or colder?When discussing geochemical cycles there's the concept of a limiting nutrient. Discuss the relevance of the limiting nutrient in the context of this article. (3 points)What is the limiting nutrient in the Pacific Ocean where the article describes the event? How do you know? (2 points)Using your own words, explain step-by-step how dumping iron into the ocean is expected to reduce global warming. (3 points)Who are the Haida? What do they have to do with the experiment? (2 points)After completing some internet research, in your own words describe "cap and trade" and "emissions trading". Cite your source(s). What do the two terms have to do with the article? (4 points)Make a list of at least four "pros" and four "cons" to geoengineering as discussed in the article. (4 points)What do you think? Should Mr. George have conducted his experiment? Why or why not? (2 points)As best you can, write a persuasive argument for the side contrary to your own opinion, as you stated in question 8. (3 points)This article was written on Oct 18, 2012. What recent developments have there been since then? (2 points)