Analysis and Strategy of Carrying out Research Boosting Programs Essay

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Write a response that is at least two double-spaced pages long (using a 12-point font) that includes a clear summary of the key ideas and at least one of your own ideas, such as a suggestion for future research in that area. Do not include any quotations in your response.

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Outline
Research Study Analysis
I.

Summary of Main Ideas


II.

Future Focus of the Study


III.

Main ideas

Examples of area of focus in future studies
Reference


Running head: RESEARCH STUDY ANALYSIS

Research Study Analysis and Suggestions for Future Area of Focus
Name
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Date

1

RESEARCH STUDY ANALYSIS

2

Research Study Analysis and Suggestions for Future Area of Focus
Summary and Main Ideas
Zhao et al. (2019) report looked at the impact of evaluative comments when overheard by
children. Studies have always focused on the effects of direct communication on the recipient
and often ignored what the influence is on the third party, which in this particular case is young
observers. In the report, the researchers examined the impact that overheard comments can have
on shaping the child's moral behavior for the first time. The researchers tested three and fiveyear-olds by looking at the effects of direct praise. A total of 200 participants made up of 100 5
year-olds, and 100 3-year-old were chosen from a pre-school in China (Zhao et al. 2019). The
same number of children from each of the two age sets were randomly selected and assigned to
each of the two conditions and applied equally between boys and girls. Sample sizes were
predetermined based on a previous study by the same researchers.
The three- and 5-year-old children took part in a game where they were asked not to peek
and randomly assigned to a condition where they overheard the individuals carrying out the
experiment tell another adult of a participant who was not there as being smart or a control
condition where they could hear a conversation of non-social information (Zhao et al. 2019). The
study results showed that 5-year-olds, as opposed to 3-year-olds, cheated significantly more
often when they overheard their classmate praised for being smart (Zhao et al. 2019). The results
demonstrated how the impact of praise could spread beyond the target recipient and influence the
behavior of other children or are merely observers. It suggested that there is an influence of an
overheard evaluative comment to be an important force in shaping moral development.
According to the researchers, certain types of direct evaluative comments can have
unintended impacts on children's behavior. Praising one child has been found to lead to a

RESEARCH STUDY ANALYSIS

3

negative outcome as it challenges others and results in poor tolerance of failure. Such negative
effects have been found to extend to the moral behavior of children. The study demonstrated how
three and 5-year-olds who received praise for being smart were more likely to cheat than their
counterparts praised for their performance or those not praised at all (Zhao et al. 2019). Such
praise tends to direct the child's attention to reputation concerns, which increases their chances
and willingness to take part in immoral acts to appear smart. The results showed that there was a
possibility of increasing the rate of cheating among children by simply overhearing praise
directed to another person (Zhao et al. 2019).
The researchers also found out that the effects of overhearing ability to praise varied
depending on the age. In the study, the researchers found out that five-year-olds cheated more
frequently based on the overheard ability as opposed to non-social information (Zhao et al.
2019). However, for three-year-olds, cheating was influenced by manipulations. Other findings
showed that among 5-year olds, boys tended to cheat more than girls, and that is consistent with
gender variations when it comes to dishonesty among adults.
Future Area of Focus
The sample size was not large enough in the study, making it hard to draw distinctions in
the participants. Future research can focus on the area and enlarge the sample size to reveal a
two-way interaction. The effects of overhearing praise in the study only focused on negative
aspects. Therefore, it would be useful if researchers assessed the other types of praise such as
those for positive behavior like honesty. The findings of such research can be useful in helping
researchers better understand the impacts of overheard comments when it comes to moral
socialization. Parents, caregivers, and teachers can then apply the knowledge in encouraging
good behavior.

RESEARCH STUDY ANALYSIS

4
References

Zhao, L., Chen, L., Sun, W., Compton, B.J., Lee, K and Heyman, GD. (2019). Young children
are more likely to cheat after overhearing that a classmate is smart. Dev Sci.;00:e12930.
https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12930


Running head: REPORT ANALYSIS AND FUTURE STUDY RECOMMENDATIONS

Report Analysis and Future Study Recommendations
Name
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Date

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REPORT ANALYSIS AND FUTURE STUDY RECOMMENDATIONS

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Report Analysis and Future Study Recommendations
Summary of Main Points
Skinner and Meltzoff (2019) reviewed the literature on the different types of childhood
experiences linked with increases or decreases of childhood intergroup biases. The report brings
together some specific results in developmental psychology and principles and theories in social
psychology that are seen while working with adults. According to the review, different types of
childhood experience exist: the subject of study was linked to intergroup bias across different
studies. The review of the literature was done using a systematic review of the literature with the
help of PsycINFO, and other relevant research was also identified using other platforms like
Google Scholar, and those that met the criteria were incorporated (Skinner and Meltzoff, 2019).
When choosing the reports, the researchers included all types of intergroup biases that have been
discussed in the literature.
The report illustrated that children show signs of intergroup bias from a very young age
of development. There is evidence of children as young as 3 showing certain biases based on
their gender and race (Skinner and Meltzoff, 2019). Some research showed children opted to
befriend the native speakers and those communicating in languages similar to theirs instead of
foreign accents. Other studies showed that children went to the extent of dehumanizing children
from gender or national outgroup. Those examples demonstrated that children from very young
ages had some knowledge of social groups and preferences over others. According to the
research, such biases increase as they advance in age to reach eight years.
In the rep...


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