Running head: INSERT FIRST 50 CHARACTERS OF TITLE [double click to edit] Title of Paper Student’s Name Course Number (ORG500) – Name of Course (Foundations of Effective Management) Colorado State University – Global Campus Instructor’s Name August 6, 2010 1 INSERT FIRST 50 CHARACTERS OF TITLE [double click to edit] 2 Title of Paper This is your introduction. If you need help writing this paper you can view the Writing an Effective Paper handout/tutorial which is located in the Library under the Library Tutorials. Please note: this template has not translated appropriately in some Microsoft products. Please be sure the paper you submit adheres to APA formatting standards. Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ulta ceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim admin im veniam, quis nostrud. In atsvulpate velt esse meleste at semper manet sola. Ut lacreet dolore magna aliquam sic semper fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat. Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ultaceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim ad minim veniam, quis nos In a tsvulpate velt esse meleste at semper manet sola. UT lacreet dolore magna aliquam sic semp fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat. Level 1 Header (Example: Leadership and Diversity) The Level 1 Header is going to be a broad topic. The Level 2 Header is a subtopic under Level 1 and Level 3 Headers is a subtopic under Level 2 Header, and so on. Depending on your topic and your outline, you may not use all the Headers. Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ulta ceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim admin im veniam, quis nostrud. In atsvulpate velt esse meleste at semper manet sola. Ut lacreet dolore magna aliquam sic semper fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat. Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ultaceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim ad minim veniam, quis nos In a tsvulpate velt esse meleste at semper manet sola. UT lacreet dolore magna aliquam sic semp fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat. INSERT FIRST 50 CHARACTERS OF TITLE [double click to edit] 3 Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ulta ceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim admin im veniam, quis nostrud. In atsvulpate velt esse meleste at semper manet sola. Ut lacreet dolore magna aliquam sic semper fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat. Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ultaceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim ad minim Level 2 Header – This is a subtopic of Level 1 (Example: Leadership) Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ulta ceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim admin im veniam, quis nostrud. In atsvulpate velt esse meleste at semper manet sola. Ut lacreet dolore magna aliquam sic semper fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat. Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ultaceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim ad minim veniam, quis nos In a tsvulpate velt esse meleste at semper manet sola. UT lacreet dolore magna aliquam sic semp fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat. Level 3 Header - Indented, boldface, lowercase heading with a period. Begin body text after the period. This is a subtopic of Level 2 (Example: Team communication.). Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ulta ceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim admin im veniam, quis nostrud. In atsvulpate velt esse meleste at semper manet sola. Ut lacreet dolore magna aliquam sic semper fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat. Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Level 4 Header - Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase heading with a period. Begin body text after the period. This is a subtopic of Level 3 (Example: Public speaking.). Ultaceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim ad minim. Ulta ceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim admin im INSERT FIRST 50 CHARACTERS OF TITLE [double click to edit] 4 veniam, quis nostrud. In atsvulpate velt esse meleste at semper manet sola. Ut lacreet dolore magna aliquam sic semper fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat. Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ultaceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim ad minim Level 5 - Indented, italicized, lowercase heading with a period. Begin body text after the period. This is a subtopic of Level 4 (Example: Posture and tone.). Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ulta ceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim admin im veniam, quis nostrud. In atsvulpate velt esse meleste at semper manet sola. Ut lacreet dolore magna aliquam sic semper fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat. Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ultaceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim ad minim veniam, quis nos In a tsvulpate velt esse meleste at semper manet sola. UT lacreet dolore magna aliquam sic semp fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat. Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ulta ceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim admin im veniam, quis nostrud. In atsvulpate velt esse meleste at semper manet sola. Ut lacreet dolore magna aliquam sic semper fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat. Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ultaceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim ad minim Level 2 Header (Example: Diversity) Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ulta ceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim admin im veniam, quis nostrud. In atsvulpate velt esse meleste at semper manet sola. Ut lacreet dolore magna aliquam sic semper fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat. Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod INSERT FIRST 50 CHARACTERS OF TITLE [double click to edit] 5 tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ultaceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim ad minim veniam, quis nos In a tsvulpate velt esse meleste at semper manet sola. UT lacreet dolore magna aliquam sic semp fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat. Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ulta ceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim admin im veniam, quis nostrud. In atsvulpate velt esse meleste at semper manet sola. Ut lacreet dolore magna aliquam sic semper fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat. Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ultaceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim ad minim INSERT FIRST 50 CHARACTERS OF TITLE [double click to edit] 6 References Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. The Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 497. [This is a journal article citation. Articles from the Library databases are based on print journals so the citation will end with page numbers.] Collins, J. (2001). Good to great. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers Inc. [This is a book citation.] Epstein, M. J. (2008). Making sustainability work. San Francisco, CA: Greenleaf Publishing Limited. Epstein, M., & Roy, M. (2003). Improving sustainability performance: Specifying, implementing and measuring key principles. Journal of General Management, 29(1), 15-31. French, S. (2009). Critiquing the language of strategic management. The Journal of Management Development, 28(1), 6-17. doi: 10.1108/02621710910923836 [This is a journal article citation from a Library database. Include a doi number if available.] Ginter, P., Ruck, A., & Duncan, W. (1985). Planners’ perceptions of the strategic management process. Journal of Management Studies, 22(6), 581-596. Hollingworth, M. (2009, November/December). Building 360 organizational sustainability. Ivey Business Journal Online. Retrieved from http://www.iveybusinessjournal.com/article.asp?intArticle_ID=868 [This is a journal that is published online, so you would include the URL.] Reuters. (2010). Walgreens Co. (WAG.N). Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=WAG.N INSERT FIRST 50 CHARACTERS OF TITLE [double click to edit] 7 Walgreens. (2010a). Mission statement. Retrieved from http://news.walgreens.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=1042 [This is a website citation with a corporate author. If you retrieve information from various pages of this particular website, you need to cite each web page. However, because the author and the year will be exactly the same, the lowercase letters, “a,” “b,” etc. need to be added to the year. The in-text citation would be: (Walgreens, 2010a).] Walgreens. (2010b). Our past. Retrieved from http://www.walgreens.com/marketing/about/history/default.html Lab 2-2 Use PivotTables to Denormalize and Analyze the Data Efficient relational databases contain normalized data. That is, each table contains only data that are relevant to the object, and tables’ relationships are defined with primary key/foreign key pairs. For example, each record in a customer table is assigned a unique ID (e.g., customer 152883), and the remaining attributes (e.g., customer address) describe that customer. In a sales order table, the only customer data you find is a foreign key pointing to the customer (e.g., customer 152883) we are selling merchandise to. The foreign key value connects the sales order record to the customer record and allows any or all of the linked attributes to appear on the sales order form or report.With Data Analytics, efficient databases are not as helpful. Rather, we would like to “denormalize” the data or combine all of the related data into one large file that can be eas-ily evaluated for summary statistics or be used to create meaningful PivotTables. Excel calls this the Internal Data Model. In Access, we create a query. This lab will take you through this process. This lab will help you recognize how to create relationships between related spreadsheets in Excel using Excel’s Internal Data Model. The Internal Data Model is avail-able in Excel for PC versions from 2013 onward. This lab is in preparation for using the Internal Data Model in future labs to transform data, as well as to aid in understanding of primary and foreign key relationships.Company summarySláinte is a fictional brewery that has recently gone through big changes. Sláinte sells six different products. The brewery has only recently expanded its business to distributing from one state to nine states, and now its business has begun stabilizing after the expansion. With that stability comes a need for better analysis. One of Sláinte’s first priorities is to identify its areas of success, as well as areas of potential improvement Data • Sláinte datasetTechnique • Some experience with relational databases, spreadsheets, and PivotTables is useful for this lab.Software needed • Excel • Access • Screen capture tool (Windows: Snipping Tool; Mac: Cmd + Shift + 4) 60In this lab, you will: Part 1: Identify appropriate questions and develop a hypothesis for each question. Part 2: Master your data and prepare it for analysis in Excel. Part 3: Perform an analysis using PivotTables. Part 4: Address and refine your results. Part 5: Communicate your findings. Part 1: Identify the Questions Sláinte has brought you in to help determine potential areas for sales growth in the next year. Additionally, management has noticed that the company’s margins aren’t as high as they had budgeted and would like you to help identify some areas where they could improve their pricing, marketing, or strategy. Specifically, they would like to know how many of each product were sold. Q1. Given Sláinte’s request, identify the data attributes and tables needed to answer the question Part 2: Master the Data: Prepare Data for Analysis in Excel The requested Sláinte data are available in the Slainte_Subset.xlsx file and include the following tables and fields, presented in a UML diagram: Depending on your desired analysis, there are a few alternative approaches that you could use to prepare the data for analysis. Alternative 1: Do nothing. If you are simply trying to calculate statistics or make comparisons using attributes within a single table, there is no need to transform the tables. Simply load the table, make sure the data are clean, and proceed to analysis. For example, to find the total number of each item sold, you would need only the [Sales_Subset] table and its attributes [Product_Code] and [Sales_Order_Quantity_Sold]. Q2. When would it be a good idea to use a single table? Alternative 2: Use the Excel Internal Data Model. For analyses that require two or more tables, you need to define the relationships in Excel before you can proceed with your analysis.For example, if you want to find the total number of each item sold and show the prod-uct name instead of just the code, you would need [Sales_Order_Quantity_Sold] from the [Sales_Subset] table and [Product_Description] from the [FGI_Product] table. These two tables are joined together on the [Product_Code] primary/foreign key. 1. Open the Slainte_Subset.xlsx file. 2. Click the Data tab on the ribbon. 3. Click the Relationships button in the Data Tools section. 4. In the Manage Relationships window, click New. . . 5. Create a relationship between [Sales_Subset] and [FGI_Product] as shown in Exhibit 2-2C. Start with the table that contains the foreign key, then choose the related table that contains the primary key. In this case: a. Table: [Sales_Subset] b. Related Table: [FGI_Product] c. Column (Foreign): [Product_Code] d. Related Column (Primary): [Product_Code] 6. Click OK to save the relationship. The window will close, and you will return to the Manage Relationships window. Click New. . . 7. Now create a relationship between [Sales_Subset] and [Customer]. In this case: a. Table: [Sales_Subset] b. Related Table: [Customer] c. Column (Foreign): [Customer_ID] d. Related Column (Primary): [Customer_ID] 8. Click OK to save the relationship. 9. Take a screenshot (label it 2-2A) of the Manage Relationships window with both relationships created 10. Click Close in the Manage Relationships window to return to the spreadsheets. While the spreadsheets do not appear to have changed with the new relationships, we have created a powerful engine for analyzing our data. We will have access to any of the records and related fields in any of the tables without additional work, such as Find and Replace or VLookup 11. Save your workbook as Slainte_Relationships.xlsx. Q3. How comfortable are you with identifying primary key/foreign key relationships Alternative 3: Merging the data into a single table using Excel Query Editor. While relationships are incredibly useful when dealing with multiple tables, there are times when it is useful to have all of the data together in one table. Both queries and PivotTables are much more straightforward when you don’t have to continually define the relationships. The downside to working with a single table is that you must work with a larger file size and there are a lot of redundant data. 1. Create a new blank spreadsheet in Excel. 2. Click the Data tab on the ribbon. 3. Click the Get Data menu in the Get & Transform Data section. 4. Choose From File > From Workbook. 5. Locate the Slainte_Subset.xlsx file on your computer, and click Open. 6. In the Navigator, check Select multiple items, then check the three tables to import, shown in Exhibit 2-2D: a. [Customer] b. [FGI_Product] c. [Sales_Subset 7. Click Load. The three tables will appear as queries in the Queries & Connections pane on the right side of the screen. 8. Double-click the [Sales_Subset] query to open the Query Wizard. 9. To merge the tables click the Home tab, then choose Merge Queries from the Combine section. A new Merge window will appear. 10. In the Merge window, the [Sales_Subset] query will appear at the top. 11. To join the [Sales_Subset] and [Customer] queries, do the following: a. Select the [Customer] query from the middle drop-down list. b. Click the [Customer_ID] column in both the [Sales_Subset] and [Customer] queries. c. From the Join Kind drop-down list, choose Left Outer (all from first, matching from second). This means [Sales_Subset].[Customer_ID] will be identified as the foreign key. d. Click OK to return to the Query Editor. e. Double-click the newly added [NewColumn] attribute title and rename it [Customer]. f. Finally, click the opposing arrows icon next to the [Customer] column title. Select Expand and click OK. The customer attributes have now been added to the [Sales_Subset] query. 12. To join the [Sales_Subset] and [FGI_Product] queries, do the following: a. Select the [FGI_Product] query from the middle drop-down list. b. Click the [Product_Code] column in both the [Sales_Subset] and [FGI_Product] queries. c. From the Join Kind drop-down list, choose Left Outer (all from first, matching from second). This means [Sales_Subset].[Product_Code] will be identified as the foreign key. d. Click OK to return to the Query Editor. e. Double-click the newly added [NewColumn] attribute title and rename it [Product]. f. Finally, click the opposing arrows icon next to the [Product] column title. Select Expand and click OK. The product attributes have now been added to the [Sales_Subset] query. 13. Maximize the Query Editor window, and take a screenshot (label it 2-2B). 14. Click Close & Load to return to Excel. 15. In the Queries & Connections pane on the right, right-click [Sales_Subset] and choose Load To. . . 16. In the Import Data window that appears, choose Table and click OK. Your new merged table now appears in your workbook. 17. Rename [Sheet1] to [Sales_Order_Merge].Note: You can also directly load your merged table into a PivotTable if that is the analysis you’re going to perform. 18. Save your workbook as Slainte_Merge.xlsx. Q4. Have you used the Query Editor in Excel before? Double-click the [Sales_Subset] query and click through the tabs on the ribbon. Which options do you think will be useful in the future? Part 3: Perform an Analysis Using PivotTables and Queries Now that the data have been organized, you’re ready for some basic analysis. Given the sales data, management has asked you to prepare a report showing the total number of each item sold each month between January and April 2020. This means that we should create a PivotTable with a column for each month, a row for each product, and the sum of the quantity sold where the two intersect. 1. From any of the files you created in Part 2, click the Insert tab on the ribbon. 2. Click PivotTable in the Tables section. 3. In the Create PivotTable window click Use this workbook’s Data Model. Note: If you have only one table, choose Select a table or range and choose your sheet. 4. Click OK to create the PivotTable. A PivotTable Fields pane appears on the right. Note: If at any point while working with your PivotTable, your PivotTable Fields list disappears, you can make it reappear by ensuring that your active cell is within the PivotTable itself. If the Field List still doesn’t reappear, navigate to the Analyze tab in the Ribbon, and select Field List. 5. Click the arrow toggle next to each table to show the available fields. If you don’t see your three tables, click the All option directly below the PivotTable Fields pane title. 6. Take a screenshot (label it 2-2D). 7. Because you defined relationships or merged the tables in Part 2, you can drag any of the attributes from your list of fields to their respective Filters, Columns, Rows, or Values. Do that now: a. Columns: [Sales_Order_Date] (Month) from [Sales_Subset]. Note: When you add a date, Excel will automatically try to group the data by Year, Quarter, etc. For now, remove the other options. b. Rows: [Product_Description] from [FGI_Products]. c. Values: [Sales_Order_Quantity_Sold] from [Sales_Subset]. d. Filters: None. 8. Finally, to show only the four months from January to April, click the drop-down arrow next to Column Labels and uncheck Nov and Dec. 9. Optional step: Clean up your PivotTable. Rename labels and the title of the report to something more useful. 10. Take a screenshot (label it 2-2E). 11. Save a copy of your workbook as Slainte_Pivot.xlsx.To perform a similar, but less flexible analysis in Access, do the following: 1. Open your Slainte_Subset.accdb file from Part 2. 2. Click Create > Query Design. Close the window that appears. 3. Click SQL View in the top-left corner. 4. Enter the following query:SELECT Product_Description, Sum(Sales_Order_Quantity_Sold) AS Total_SalesFROM Slainte_MergeWHERE Sales_Order_Date Between #1/1/2020# And #4/30/2020#GROUP BY Product_Description; 5. Click Run to show the results. 6. Take a screenshot (label it 2-2F). 7. Save your query as Total_Sales_By_Product and close your database Part 4: Address and Refine Your Results Now that you’ve completed a basic analysis to answer management’s question, take a moment to think about how you could improve the report and anticipate questions your manager might have. Q5. If the owner of Sláinte wishes to identify which product sold the most, how would you make this report more useful? Q6. If you wanted to provide more detail, what other attributes would be useful to add as additional rows or columns to your report, or what other reports would you create? Part 5: Communicate Your Findings Let’s make this easy for others to understand using visualization and explanations. Q7. Write a brief paragraph about how you would interpret the results of your analy-sis in plain English. For example, which data points stand out? Q8. In chapter 4, we’ll discuss some visualization techniques. Describe a way you could present these data as a chart or graph. 
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