Impact of Job satisfaction on overall happiness Geneva Donald SOCI332 Dr. Carey Ford December 16, 2020 Impact of Job satisfaction on overall happiness Introduction and Background Information This project revolved around the research question; Does job satisfaction have an effect on overall happiness? The dependent variable, in this case, happiness, and the Independent variable, is job satisfaction. The question associated with the variable happy is “Taken all together, how would you say things are these days--would you say that you are very happy, pretty happy, or not too happy?” The answer categories were as follows: very happy, pretty happy, and not too happy. My Independent variable name is satjob1. The question associated with this variable is, “All in all, how satisfied would you say you are with your job?”. The answer categories for job satisfaction are very satisfied, somewhat satisfied, not too satisfied, and not at all satisfied. A nominal level of measurement was used for both variables I chose. Task I: Frequency table Statistics N Valid Job satisfaction General in general happiness 1413 2344 935 4 Mean 1.62 1.84 Median 2.00 2.00 1 2 Std. Deviation .702 .647 Variance .493 .418 Missing Mode Frequency Table Job satisfaction in general Cumulative Frequency Valid Valid Percent Percent Very satisfied 689 29.3 48.8 48.8 Somewhat satisfied 596 25.4 42.2 90.9 Not too satisfied 101 4.3 7.1 98.1 27 1.1 1.9 100.0 1413 60.2 100.0 900 38.3 DONT KNOW 2 .1 NO ANSWER 33 1.4 935 39.8 2348 100.0 Not at all satisfied Total Missing Percent IAP Total Total General happiness Cumulative Frequency Valid VERY HAPPY Total Valid Percent Percent 701 29.9 29.9 29.9 PRETTY HAPPY 1307 55.7 55.8 85.7 NOT TOO HAPPY 336 14.3 14.3 100.0 2344 99.8 100.0 4 .2 2348 100.0 Total Missing Percent DK Task II. Describe the measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and dispersion (variance, standard deviation) for each of your variables. From the frequency tables above, one can see that the mean, median, and mode of job satisfaction, in general, are 1.62, 2.00, and 1, respectively. The standard deviation and variance of job satisfaction in general 0.702 and 0.493. Considering that the standard deviation is less than 1, this shows that the data is normally distributed. The mode of 1 indicates that most people are very satisfied with their jobs. For general happiness, the mean is 1.84, median 2.00, mode 2, standard deviation 0.647, and variance 0.418. The small variance shows that the data points are very close to the mean and each other. Moreover, the mode of 2 shows that most people’s response to the “Taken all together, how would you say things are these days--would you say that you are very happy, pretty happy, or not too happy?” is pretty happy. Task III. Create charts (bar chart, pie chart, or histogram depending on your variables’ level of measurement) From the chart above, it is clear that most people were very satisfied with their jobs, over 600 jobs. The response with the second-highest count is somewhat satisfied, at slightly less than 600. Considering the difference between the somewhat satisfied and those not too satisfied is too significant, the standard deviation and variance in this variable give a clear picture of the data. However, from the shape of the distribution, one can see that the data is not normally distributed. From the chart above, it is clear that the data’s distribution is almost normal. Moreover, pretty happy was the most popular response with more than 1250 people. Followed by those who responded, saying very happy at 701. Recoding in SPSS You will have completed most of the steps for Assignment 1 in Discussions 1 and 2. The exception is recoding. Recoding allows you to take numeric variables and group the responses into categories or take the responses to categorical variables and group them into fewer categories. For example, take the variable "age" (age of respondent) for which participants answer with their numeric age. Let's say you want to group ages into categories. Here's one way age is typically categorized: • • • • • • • 18-24 years old 25-34 years old 35-44 years old 45-54 years old 55-64 years old 65-74 years old 75 years or older To perform a recode in SPSS, after you have imported in the GSS data file, you use the TRANFORM function. Click on Transform Recode into different variable. On the left-hand side, click on the variable "age of respondent [age]" and move it over to the right. Under Output Variable, you will give your new recoded variable a name and label, and click Change. (I would call it "ager" and label it "recode of age into categories.") When you recode a numeric (interval/ratio) variable, you are telling it what the original numbers are and how you want to code (assign numbers to) the new categories. Click on Old and New Values. I would recode it like this: Old Old Old Old Old Old value (Range): 18-24 New value: 1 value: 25-34 New Value: 2 value: 35-44 New Value: 3 value: 45-54 New Value: 4 value: 55-64 New Value: 5 value: 65-74 New Value: 6 Old value: 75-89 Old value: 98, 99 Continue - OK New Value: 7 New Value: system missing Your new recoded variable will then be at the bottom of the variable list. In variable view, you can go in an assign labels to the numbers (i.e., 1 is labeled 18-24, 2 is labeled 25-34, etc.). Another example might be a categorical variable that has too many categories and you would like to combine some of the categories that are similar to create a variable with fewer categories. Let's take a look at the variable "denom16" - denomination in which r was raised. With a categorical variable (nominal or ordinal), the first step of recoding is to look at how the variable is coded (numbers assigned to the categories) to begin with. I like to go back to the GSS data explorer site to see this, but in SPSS you can go to ANALYZE - REPORTS - CODEBOOK and look up your variable. Denom 16 is coded like this: Code 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 20 21 22 23 28 30 31 32 33 34 35 38 Label Am baptist asso Am bapt ch in usa Nat bapt conv of am Nat bapt conv usa Southern baptist Other baptists Baptist-dk which Afr meth episcopal Afr meth ep zion United methodist Other methodist Methodist-dk which Am lutheran Luth ch in america Lutheran-mo synod Wi evan luth synod Other lutheran Evangelical luth Lutheran-dk which 40 41 42 43 48 50 60 70 98 99 0 Presbyterian c in us United pres ch in us Other presbyterian Presbyterian, merged Presbyterian-dk wh Episcopal Other No denomination Don't know No answer Not applicable I think it's always best to code starting with 0 or 1 (depending on what you're doing), so here I would start with one. In the recoding process, we will take each of the old categories and combine them into new categories and give them new codes (numbers). It's not hard, it just needs to be precise. In SPSS, after you have imported the GSS data file in, click on Transform - Recode into different variable. On the left-hand side, click on the variable "Denomination in which r was raised [denom16]" and move it over to the right. Under Output Variable, give it a new name and label, and click Change. (I would call it "rdenom16" and label it "recode of denom16.") Click on Old and New Values. I would recode it like this: Old value: (Range) 10-18 New value: 1 Old value: 20-28 New Value: 2 Old value: 30-38 New Value: 3 Old value: 40-48 New Value: 4 Old value: 50 New Value: 5 Old value: 60 New Value: 6 Old value: 70 New Value: 0 Old value: 0 New Value: system missing Old value: 98-99 New Value: system missing Old value: system or user missing New Value: system missing Then select CONTINUE and then OK. (It will look like this...) The new variable will be placed at the very bottom of the variable list. (You can go into the variable view in SPSS and label the new codes (numbers) with 0=no denomination, 1=baptist, 2=methodist, 3=lutheran, 4=presbyterian, 5=episcopal, 6=other.) When you run future analyses, remember that the recoded variable is at the bottom. The original variable is still there in its original place. About GSS Instead of collecting and entering new data into SPSS, we will use the GSS for our analysis in the course. The GSS is a regularly conducted survey by the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago, whose purpose is to provide the nation’s social scientists with accurate and up-to-date data for analysis and to provide general attitude/behavioral information based on the US culture. Beginning back in 1972, The GSS was an annual survey until 1994 when it became biennial (conducted every two year). Over its lifespan of nearly 50 years, the GSS has asked approximately 50,000 respondents more than 4,500 questions on topics ranging from religion, affirmative action, women’s duties in the home, and homosexual marriage, to spirituality, genetic testing, abortion, and legalization of marijuana. GSS data are a representative sample of American adults. In GSS 2016 data set, 2867 non-institutionalized, English- or Spanish-speaking individuals were sampled to provide responses to the list of survey questions via in-person or telephone interviews. More information can be found here: General FAQS about the GSS. Assignment 1: Research Guidelines Complete the following assignment by filling in all pertinent areas of research. You will need to utilize SPSS and the GSS dataset specified in the class for this assignment. You should complete this assignment using the variables and topic that you have chosen for your Final Portfolio Project. You will then be able to follow this as a guide, as well as a check-point, with your instructor. It is essential that you read through all of the feedback regardless of your score. You will be required to submit: 1. This word document with blanks filled and SPSS outputs inserted. Throughout the assignment you will see places where your tables, charts, and graphs can be placed. 2. An SPSS output file (spv) with this assignment for credit. You may need to go back through the document to address formatting issues that shift as you begin to input your data. Points will be deducted for sloppiness. Use a different, but legible, color font for your responses. This assignment is to completed and submitted no later than the Sunday of Week 3 by 11:55pm ET. This assignment is worth 100 points. Save the word file as follows [your last name_SOCI332_A1] and submit it to Assignments for feedback. Label the SPV file as [your last name_SOCI332_A1output] (A) My Purpose (research question) (10 pts) My research question is: _______________________________________________________. I chose this topic because _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________. APA citation of an academic resource that relates to your topic: _____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ (B) All About the GSS (10 pts) ***Reference Lesson 1 and http://gss.norc.org/faq*** 1. Who are the participants? ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. What population does the sample represent? ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. Who is funding the research? ___________________________________________________ 4. When is the data collected? __________________________________________________ 5. How is the data collected? ___________________________________________________ (C) Variables (You are expected to have only one dependent variable (DV) and one independent variable (IV). (15 pts) My IV: Provide information for the IV using the format below. IV Variable name in SPSS: ___________________ IV Question (as asked to the respondent verbatim) __________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ IV Answer categories: ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ IV Level of Measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio): ___________________ My DV: Provide information for the DV using the format below. DV variable name in SPSS: ______________________________ DV Question (as asked to the respondent verbatim)- __________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ DV Answer categories: _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ DV Level of Measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio): __________________________ (D) Frequency Tables (15 pts) Run frequencies for each variable listed above. Summarize your findings in a paragraph or two below. What do the counts and valid percents tell you about each variable? Cite numbers in the frequency tables to support your conclusion. Be sure to insert your tables (copy and paste from SPSS) into this document. [Insert SPSS frequency tables here] (E) Graphs and Charts (10 pts) Run the appropriate graphs/charts for each of your variables listed above. Summarize your findings briefly in a paragraph or two. Cite numbers in the graph/charts to support your conclusion. How does the visual representation help us understand the data? Include a title on each of your charts and other pertinent labels. [Insert SPSS graphs/charts here] (F) Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion (15 pts) Run the measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and dispersion (variance, standard deviation) for each of your variables. Summarize your findings briefly in a paragraph or two. Which measures are appropriate for nominal, ordinal, or interval/ratio variables? What do these measures tell us about each variable? [Insert SPSS output here] (G) Recoding (15 pts) Choose one of your variables to recode. If you have an interval/ratio variable, you may recode it into an ordinal variable. If you have two nominal/ordinal variables, recode the one with the most categories into fewer categories, or check with your instructor on the best option. [Insert the following items: SPSS syntax for the recoding process; the frequency table for the original variable; and the frequency table for the recoded variable] (H) Included SPV file (SPSS output of all syntax, tables and charts) – (10 pts)
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