Description
Write a draft 1 page single-spaced paper answering the questions based on the paragraph below.
Surface runoff is an enormous problem in the City of Philadelphia. When it rains in the city water runs down streets, sidewalks, and off parking lots causing our rivers such as the Delaware and Schuylkill to flood. Besides causing flooding, the water also carries with it non-point source pollution such as fertilizers, dog waste, oil, and trash.
Philadelphia has begun to charge churches, businesses, and even colleges and universities for the amount of paved or impervious surfaces on their properties. Since this charge has begun, the Community College of Philadelphia has completed major renovations in this department. Many of these upgrades cannot be seen by the eye, but they are there. A couple includes green roofs on the Pavilion and Bonnell buildings and an underground rainwater collection systems behind the West building on 18th street. All of these additions have lowered the College's runoff charge.
Your paper should answer the following questions in detail and with a factual basis:
- Paper explains the problem of surface runoff in the City of Philadelphia. Including the variable that causes runoff and how surface water is related to the hydrologic cycle.
- Paper explains why the table on the following link is important to understand flooding in Philadelphia and what inferences can be taken by the amount and size of flood events in recent years. Be sure to include the reasons why flooding has increased in recent years (this is not related to CO2 emissions)https://rclutz.wordpress.com/2019/04/18/urban-flooding-the-philadelphia-story/ (Links to an external site.)
- Paper gives examples of ways that residents can lower their runoff charge, to lower the charge on their water bill.
- Paper gives factual reasoning as to whether the current runoff charge deters residents from paving over surfaces. Remember the Hardin article and mutual coercion. You can also tie the charge to the sugary beverage tax or any sin tax.
Explanation & Answer
Attached. Please let me know if you have any questions or need revisions.
Report: City of Philadelphia
City of Philadelphia
by RobertM
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5 min 41 sec
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Report was generated on Saturday, Jan 9, 2021, 01:46 PM
Page 1 of 5
Report: City of Philadelphia
Unique Words
43%
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percentage of words used only once in your
document
unique words
Rare Words
38%
Measures depth of vocabulary by identifying words
that are not among the 5,000 most common English
words.
rare words
Word Length
5.3
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characters per word
Sentence Length
17.2
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words per sentence
Report was generated on Saturday, Jan 9, 2021, 01:46 PM
Page 2 of 5
Report: City of Philadelphia
City of Philadelphia
According to Windt, Ebrahimian, & Traver (2017), surface runoff is one of the
signi cant challenges that the City of Philadelphia has to deal with. When it
rains, the seeps underground. In turn, the groundwater feeds the streams and
creeks when it bubbles up like springs. However, the cycle stops when there are
paved surfaces across a land, such as in Philadelphia. When referring to the
City of Philadelphia, there are numerous paved surfaces and rooftops. While
pavements and rooftops are meant for beauty, they impact the environment by
preventing rainfall's percolation into the ground. The pavements,
predominantly made of asphalt and concrete surfaces, do not allow the
rainwater to penetrate whenever the rain falls. As such, the water ows into the
storm drains that are located in the Philadelphian streets.
Unfortunately, the storm drains do not form part of the Philadelphian sewage
system; the storm drains pour their untreated runoff water into Wissahickon
Creek (Meenar, 2019). Consequently, Wissahickon faces two challenges. Firstly,
Wissahickon Creek continues to have its water levels dropping because of the
percolation issues (Meener, 2019). Secondly, the runoffs ow into the Creek
with a lot of force, leading to scouring and carving of the banks and replacing
the rocky bottoms of the Creek with mud and silt (Meenar, 2019).
Christman, Meenar, Mandarano, & Hearing (2018, p. 145) de ne runoff as
precipitation that is neither in ltrated nor evaporates. Such water does not
follow the normal water cycle; instead, it ows to places where water collects,
such as the Wissahickon Creek. Runoff is harmful because it is an agent of
erosion and sweeps water pollutants into the water bodies. W...
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