Read the passage. Then answer the questions.from "First Inaugural Speech"by Abraham LincolnMarch 4, 18811 Physically speaking, we cannot separate. We cannot remove our respective sections from each other, nor build an impassable wall between them. A husband and wife may be divorced, and go out of the presence, and beyond the reach of each other; but the different parts of our country cannot do this. They cannot but remain face to face; and intercourse, either amicable or hostile, must continue between them. Is it possible, then, to make that intercourse more advantageous or more satisfactory, after separation than before? Can aliens make treaties easier than friends can make laws? Can treaties be more faithfully enforced between aliens than laws can among friends? Suppose you go to war, you cannot fight always; and when, after much loss on both sides, and no gain on either, you cease fighting, the identical old questions, as to terms of intercourse, are again upon you.2 This country, with its institutions, belongs to the people who inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow weary of the existing Government, they can exercise their constitutional right of amending it, or their revolutionary right to dismember or overthrow it. I cannot be ignorant of the fact that many worthy and patriotic citizens are desirous of having the national Constitution amended. While I make no recommendation of amendments, I fully recognize the rightful authority of the people over the whole subject to be exercised in either of the modes prescribed in the instrument itself; and I should, under existing circumstances, favor rather than oppose a fair opportunity being afforded the people to act upon it.3 I will venture to add that to me the Convention mode seems preferable, in that it allows amendments to originate with the people themselves, instead of only permitting them to take or reject propositions, originated by others, not especially chosen for the purpose, and which might not be precisely such as they would wish to either accept or refuse. I understand a proposed amendment to the Constitution, which amendment, however, I have not seen, has passed Congress, to the effect that the federal government shall never interfere with the domestic institutions of the States, including that of persons held to service. To avoid misconstruction of what I have said, I depart from my purpose not to speak of particular amendments, so far as to say that holding such a provision to now be implied constitutional law, I have no objection to its being made express and irrevocable.4 The Chief Magistrate derives all his authority from the people, and they have referred none upon him to fix terms for the separation of the States. The people themselves can do this if also they choose; but the executive, as such, has nothing to do with it. His duty is to administer the present government, as it came to his hands, and to transmit it, unimpaired by him, to his successor.5 Why should there not be a patient confidence in the ultimate justice of the people? Is there any better or equal hope, in the world? In our present differences, is either party without faith of being in the right? If the Almighty Ruler of nations, with his eternal truth and justice, be on your side of the North, or on yours of the South, that truth, and that justice, will surely prevail, by the judgment of this great tribunal of the American people.6 By the frame of the government under which we live, this same people have wisely given their public servants but little power for mischief; and have, with equal wisdom, provided for the return of that little to their own hands at very short intervals.7 While the people retain their virtue and vigilance, no administration, by any extreme of wickedness or folly, can very seriously injure the government in the short space of four years.8 My countrymen, one and all, think calmly and well, upon this whole subject. Nothing valuable can be lost by taking time. If there be an object to hurry any of you, in hot haste, to a step which you would never take deliberately, that object will be frustrated by taking time; but no good object can be frustrated by it. Such of you as are now dissatisfied still have the old Constitution unimpaired, and, on the sensitive point, the laws of your own framing under it; while the new administration will have no immediate power, if it would, to change either. If it were admitted that you who are dissatisfied, hold the right side in the dispute, there still is no single good reason for precipitate action. Intelligence, patriotism, Christianity, and a firm reliance on Him, who has never yet forsaken this favored land, are still competent to adjust, in the best way, all our present difficulty.9 In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to "preserve, protect, and defend it."10 I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battle-field, and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearth-stone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.PART AWhich statement best reflects Lincoln's reasoning in the speech?In a country created to enact the will of the people, it is his duty to support a proposed Amendment to the Constitution that is currently under consideration.In a country created to enact the will of the people, it is his duty to support a proposed Amendment to the Constitution that is currently under consideration.In a country that operates by rule of law, he will protect it against those who continue to attack the Union for its position on issues.In a country that operates by rule of law, he will protect it against those who continue to attack the Union for its position on issues.In a country that operates by rule of law, he cannot legally allow states to secede from the Union unless he is allowed to amend the Constitution.In a country that operates by rule of law, he cannot legally allow states to secede from the Union unless he is allowed to amend the Constitution.In a country created to enact the will of the people, he has promised not to intervene in what the majority of people in states wish to do.In a country created to enact the will of the people, he has promised not to intervene in what the majority of people in states wish to do.PART BSelect the detail that best supports the answer to Part A."...I should, under existing circumstances, favor rather than oppose a fair opportunity..." (paragraph 1)"...I should, under existing circumstances, favor rather than oppose a fair opportunity..." (paragraph 1)"...to me the Convention mode seems preferable..." (paragraph 2)"...to me the Convention mode seems preferable..." (paragraph 2)"...the federal government shall never interfere with the domestic institutions of the States..." (paragraph 3)"...the federal government shall never interfere with the domestic institutions of the States..." (paragraph 3)"...no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors." (paragraph 8)"...no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors." (paragraph 8)Which statement best expresses what Lincoln means by the phrase have wisely given their public servants but little power for mischief, in paragraph 6?U.S. states have the right to secede if they do not agree with the federal government.U.S. states have the right to secede if they do not agree with the federal government.There are laws that control every aspect of what politicians can and cannot do.There are laws that control every aspect of what politicians can and cannot do.The Constitution limits power to any one group by designating three branches of government.The Constitution limits power to any one group by designating three branches of government.U.S. citizens have made sure that their public servants cannot waste time while they are supposed to be working.U.S. citizens have made sure that their public servants cannot waste time while they are supposed to be working.Part AHow does Lincoln most develop the relationship between the government and its people in his speech?By describing it as a relationship that requires mutual trust and compromise, he compares it to a marriage.By describing it as a relationship that requires mutual trust and compromise, he compares it to a marriage.By appealing to their religious beliefs, he urges them to respect and maintain their allegiance to the government.By appealing to their religious beliefs, he urges them to respect and maintain their allegiance to the government.By reminding them of government's responsibilities to its citizens, he urges the people to strengthen their connections to it.By reminding them of government's responsibilities to its citizens, he urges the people to strengthen their connections to it.By explaining their respective positions in the legislative process, he reveals the government's relative lack of power.By explaining their respective positions in the legislative process, he reveals the government's relative lack of power.Part BSelect the detail that best supports the answer to Part A."They cannot but remain face to face..." (paragraph 1)"They cannot but remain face to face..." (paragraph 1)"I fully recognize the rightful authority of the people..." (paragraph 2)"I fully recognize the rightful authority of the people..." (paragraph 2)"...is either party with faith of being in the right?" (paragraph 5)"...is either party with faith of being in the right?" (paragraph 5)"Nothing valuable can be lost..." (paragraph 8)

Answer the following questions by reading the given materials and music. Everything you can find in the file 'requirement',including the internet link and which one you need find in handout or media or pdf file, some music there is no internet link, you can search online. Evaluate the recording of “Wade in the Water” in relation to our previous discussion of African diasporic musical features. What African features does this song/performance retain? What might be the political utility of these aesthetics in a mass meeting or protest context? Using “Oh Freedom” as an example, discuss the role of the song leader in the freedom song tradition. What musical and social functions does the song leader provide? What are two examples from the “Oh Freedom” recording that illustrate your point? 3."We Shall Overcome" is one of the key anthems of the Civil Rights Era and was often used as a closing song at mass meetings. Using specific elements from the two versionsof the song, answer the following:a.How does the story of this song’s evolution embody the spirit of the Civil Rights movement? b.How do the lyrics and music work together to express this sentiment? 4.Listen to “Koko” and compare Parker’s solo to Louis Armstrong’s in “Potato Head Blues.”a.How would you describe the “voice” of each player?b.How might Parker’s reflect--or be interpreted as--a sound specifically coming out of the Civil Rights era? 5.Listen to Mingus's “Freedom” and analyze it as an expression of Black Power and Black Nationalist politics.a.What are two sonic elements (not lyrics) that might represent a certain political ideal or gesture? Why? Don’t worry about being “right” – just think creatively about how sound can push against conventions and what political statements this might make. 6.Listen to “Psalm” from Coltrane’s A Love Supreme.a.Describe how the music and the text fit together.b.What might be the purpose of having the text played? Why not have it sung?