Directions 1. Find and read the following cases Jones v. Free Flight Sport Aviation , Inc. 623 P.370, Web 1981 Colo. Lexis 571, Supreme Court of Colorado. Flood v. Fidelity & Guaranty Life Insurance Co. 394 So 2d 1311; Web 1981 La App Lexis 3538 Court of Appeal of Louisiana. 2. Answer the following questions Should a person be allowed to disaffirm a contract he or she made as a minor after reaching the age of minority? What is a reasonable length of time after reaching the age of majority to permit disaffirmance? What ethical considerations are involved in these cases? 3. Reply to at least two of your classmates ( updating later )

Use the internet to find one example of each of the following graphs:Line graphBar graph (horizontal or vertical bars are acceptable)Pie graphSuppose you were presenting these graphs to a group of people (clients, co-workers, friends, etc.) who are not mathematically savvy.Create a 7- to 10-slide presentation with speaker notes that provides a non-technical explanation of each graph. Remember, you are addressing people who probably do not like or understand mathematical terms. For each graph, include the following:Screenshot of your graph.For the line graph, what are the labels on the horizontal and vertical axes? For the bar graph, what labels are on the bars? What is being measured in this graph? (Hint: look at the axis label.)For the pie graph, what is the title, in other words, what is it measuring?How would you improve each graph if at all? Is anything missing, misleading, or perhaps just wrong with this graph?What would be the appropriate measure(s) for central tendency (mean, median, mode) to display with each graph?What measure of dispersion (range, standard deviation) would be best?Provide a reference citation for the source of your graph so your facilitator can find the graph online. Note: sometimes information changes from day to day on websites, hence the reason for the required screenshot in first bullet point above.Note: If you are having difficulty finding graphs here are a few places to consider looking:Your online utility billYour fitness appA dashboard at your officeU.S. Government websites such as:The Bureau of Labor StatisticsThe Bureau of Economic AnalysisThe Consumer Financial Protection BureauA scholarly article in the University LlibraryBusiness, finance, and money management websitesClick the Assignment Files tab to submit your assignment.

Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) (10 points) To complete this section, please review the articles on DAGs in the Week 5 Learning Resources. You may use any drawing tools available to you to create the DAGs requested below, although it does not need to be sophisticated software; for example, Microsoft Word’s Insert Shapes and Text Box features are sufficient tools to create these diagrams. For each of the following epidemiological scenarios, draw a DAG that represents the relationships between the variables: (5 points each) A researcher is studying the association between automobile exhaust (E) and the prevalence of asthma in children (A). Other air pollutants (P) may also affect asthma prevalence. The presence of wind (W) affects the concentrations of both (E) and (P). A researcher is studying the association between experiencing childhood abuse (A) and the occurrence of depression (D) as an adult. She has reason to believe that alcohol consumption (C) may mediate the relationship between (A) and (D).State in words the meaning of the hazard ratios for self-rated health in model 1. Be sure to include information on statistical significance. (5 points)State in words the meaning of the hazard ratios for self-rated health in model 3. Discuss whether or not breast cancer stage and daily task limitations were confounders of the self-rated health/mortality association. Justify your response and state your overall conclusions based on the analyses. (15 points)Fill in the table below for columns A and B. The table shows different associations where Factors X and Z are being measured for their effect on an outcome. For each effect measure there are shown three results: a result with Factor X only (X+Z-), a result with Factor Z only (X-Z+), and the Observed Joint Effect for both factors (X+Z+). In column A, indicate whether the interaction is positive or negative, and in column B, indicate whether the interaction is additive or multiplicative. If no interaction is present, put “None” in columns A and B. (10 points)Imagine that you are conducting a randomized controlled trial comparing two medicines (Medicine 1 and Medicine 2) in the prevention of asthma attacks. The following table shows some of the characteristics of the study population for each group: Assessing Confounding in Multivariate Regression (20 points) A researcher studied women with breast cancer to better understand the association between self-rated health and breast cancer mortality (Prehn, 1996). By using survival analysis, the following results were obtained from three different models: Assessing and Interpreting Effect Modification (15 points) Effect Measure Effect of Factor X (X+ Z-) Effect of Factor Z (X- Z+) Observed Joint Effect (X+Z+) A Positive or negative? B Additive or multiplicative? Attributable Risk 20.0 / 1000 15.0 / 1000 60.0 / 1000 Positive Relative Risk 3.0 2.0 4.0 Relative Risk 2.0 3.0 6.0 Medicine 1 Group (n=100) Medicine 2 Group (n=100) Cigarette smoker Yes 30 10 No 70 90 Physically active Yes 35 35 No 65 65 Discuss how you would determine if there is confounding and/or effect modification by cigarette smoking or physical activity in your study. Include details of any strategies you would use and provide specific examples using these study data. (5 points) Reference: Prehn, A. W. (1996). Self-rated health in middle-aged and elderly women with breast cancer (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Dissertation Abstracts International.