This assignment is due by 10 p.m. CST on Sunday.Equality of OpportunityLearning Objective: The Declaration of Independence and the idea that equality is the bedrock of a republic are examined. Please recall that the Declaration of Independence was an assigned reading article in Week One.Please note: Additional requirements for the Primary Assignment can be found by clicking on the Course Assignment Comments headline (above).Option 1: Write Your Opinion Editorial: Listed below are two opinion editorial news articles (op-eds). Write an op-ed to respond to the ideas expressed in the articles by Williams or Zarracina. Present a persuasive argument in which you agree or disagree with the author. Your op-ed can be written in the first person and include anecdotal evidence. While the opinion may be your own, construct a persuasive argument using the assigned course reading materials, including the Declaration of Independence, to support your position. Define and anchor your thoughts within the context of equality of opportunity.Walter E. Williams: America's founders and the slavery debate, Omaha World Herald, 2019The case against equality of opportunity, Dylan Matthews, Vox, 2015contentChapter 4. Hired Help / Markets and Morals - Justice What Is The Right Thing To Do, Michael SandelGettysburg Address, A Lincoln, 1863Capitalism and Freedom, Chapter 1, pg 7-21 (PDF pg 24-38), Milton Friedman, 40th Anniversary Edition, 2002The Case against Equality of Opportunity, Dylan Matthews, Vox, 2015People Don’t Actually Want Equality, They Want Fairness, Paul Bloom, EvonomicsThe Good Society, Amitai Etzioni, Seattle Journal for Social JusticeI, Pencil, Mises Daily Articles, Mises Institute, 2017I, Pencil, Audio Essays, Mises Institute, 2009

PJM400 MOD5 Discussion Peer ResponsesPlease reply to both POST1: and POST2: in at least 250 words. I have included references and the original post only as reference. RequiredChapters 4 & 8 in Procurement, Principles & ManagementPart 1, Chapter 12, Sections 12.1.1.6, 12.2.3.1, & 12.2.3.2 in A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge RecommendedAllen, M., Herring, K., Moody, J., & Williams, C. (2015). Project procurement: Impact of contract incentives and penalties. International Journal of Global Business, 8(2), 1-26.Henre, C., Satterfield, R., & Garris, J. (2016). In-depth and preemptive front-end planning yields positive project results, 95(4), 61–66.ReferencesBaily, P., Farmer, D., Crocker, B., Jessop, D., & Jones, D. (2015). Procurement, principles & management (11th ed). United Kingdom: Pearson (Intl) Inc.Larson, E. W., & Gray, C. F. (2017). Project management: The managerial process (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Project Management Institute [PMI]. (2017). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (6th ed.). Newton Square, PA: PMI Publications.Original post: Consider the three contract types of Fixed-Price, Cost-Reimbursement, and Time and Material contracts in procurement management.What are the main characteristics of each of the above contracts?Compare (similarities) and contrast (differences) the distinct procurement application of each contract typePOST1:A contract is a binding arrangement between a buyer and a seller, which is the significant part of the buyer and seller connection as it delivers a structure for how they will work with each other. Procurement contract is an agreement between two or more parties to supply goods or services. It’s important to select the right type of contract that offers the greatest value for time and money, which can protect companies from project from risks (Usmani, 2020). If not used accurately, it can cost more money for a company in the end.. Below is a list of the three different contract types in procurement.Three Contract Types and Their Main Characteristics Fixed-Price: This is a lump-sum contract which can be used when the scope of the work is fixed and the requests are clear. Once the contract is signed, the seller is contractually bound to complete the task within the agreed price and time (Usmani, 2020). This contract cannot be re-negotiated unless the scope of the work is altered. Here are three categories of the Fixed-Price contracts: Firm-Fixed-Price contract (FFP) - Most frequently used, the vendor must finish the work within a settled amount of money and time. Fixed Price Incentive Fee contract (FPIF) - This fixed-price arrangement gives the buyer and seller some flexibility in that it allows for deviation from performance, with financial incentives tied to achieving agreed-upon metrics (PMI, 2017). Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment Contract (FP-EPA) - This is used when multi-year since this contract has a distinct provision that protects the vendor from price increases. Cost-Reimbursement: Also known as Cost Disbursable contract, the vendor is refunded for finished work plus a payment demonstrating their revenue. Most sellers are able to take advantage of this contract when they complete the project earlier than the expected date or when they save on expenses. Cost-reimbursement contracts are to be used only in those instances in which there is uncertainty about what is required to produce a product (Kim, Roberts, & Brown, 2016). Here are three categories of the Cost-Reimbursement contracts (PMI, 2017): Cost Plus Fixed Fee (CPFF) - The seller is reimbursed for all allowable costs for performing the contract work and receives a fixed-fee payment calculated as a percentage of the initial estimated project costs. Cost Plus Incentive Fee (CPIF) - The seller is reimbursed for all allowable costs for performing the contract work and receives a predetermined incentive fee based on achieving certain performance objectives as set forth in the contract. Cost Plus Award Fee (CPAF) - The seller is reimbursed for all legitimate costs, but the majority of the fee is earned based on the satisfaction of certain broad subjective performance criteria that are defined and incorporated into the contract. Time and Material: This is a mixture of both the Fixed-Price and Cost Reimbursement contract, where both share the same risks. You use a Time and Materials contract when the deliverable is “labor hours,” where the project manager will state the required qualifications and experience to the seller who will provide the staff (Usmani, 2020).Compare and Contrast the Distinct Procurement Application of each ContractSimilarities: Selecting the appropriate contract form will help ensure your company’s next project has the best chance of success has the best chance of finishing within the project’s budget, and serves overall company objectives while mitigating the risks and eliminating unneeded expenses (Concord, 2020).Differences:Fixed-Price Contract: This is used when the scope of the project is fixed and the requests are clear.Cost-Reimbursement: If the scope of a project is uncertain or likely to change, this type of contract can be best used for keeping everyone on schedule and under budget (Concord, 2020).Time and Material: This is frequently used when the seller delivers the work, and the risk is equally dispersed to the buyer and seller. This type of contract is typically used to hire an expert or other outside vendors (Concord, 2020).-VenusReferences:Concord. (2020). Contract Management 101 – Procurement Contracts. Retrieved from https://www.concordnow.com/blog/procurement-contra...Kim, Y. W., Roberts, A., & Brown, T. (2016). Impact of Product Characteristics and Market Conditions on Contract Type: Use of Fixed-Price Versus Cost-Reimbursement Contracts in the U.S. Department of Defense. Public Performance & Management Review, 39(4), 783–813.Project Management Institute (PMI). (2017). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (6th ed.). Newton Square, PA: PMI Publications.Usmani, F. (2020). Types of Procurement Contracts used in Project Management. Retrieved from https://pmstudycircle.com/2013/12/types-of-procure...POST2:Purchasing contracts are a legal agreement for the procurement of any goods or services that an entity may need (Allen, Herring, Moody, & Williams, 2015) Various types of these contracts allow project owners to tailor the agreement to meet the needs of their agreement. The agreement type that I am most familiar with is a fixed-price contract. This is the most suitable contract for agreements where the variables of scope are all known and clearly identified before the agreement is made. In my case I worked for a contractor that provided uniforms. The items were known, the quantity was clear and communicated, and the price was proposed and agreed upon. Another contract type that I have experience with is a cost-reimbursement contract. This is a contract where there are agreed perimeters but variables that don't have absolutes. Currently I work for a UAV manufacturer that designs and manufactures many custom built planes. For contracts that are custom or R&D based we have agreed upon timeframes or cost ceilings, but the specifics of material or labor can't be identified until after the fact. So operating under these contracts out engineers will "clock -in" to a project. work on design or build, and "clock-out" when they are done with the work. Because the labor is an unknown variable the price is not fixed. A T&M contract is the hybrid of these two types, very similarly to the cost-reimbursement contract there are unidentifiable variables; however, there are also absolutes that can be agreed upon beforehand. This is a more specific type of contract that can be tailored to the needs of the buyer or seller. Allen, M., Herring, K., Moody, J., & Williams, C. (2015). Project procurement: Impact of contract incentives and penalties. International Journal of Global Business, 8(2), 1-26. Retrieved from https://csuglobal.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://s...Project Management Institute (PMI). (2017). A guide to the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) (6th ed.). Newton Square, PA: PMI Publications.

Common Assignment: Prepare a written analytical report (3-4 pages) on a juvenile delinquency treatment program in your community or any community of your choice. You were asked by the government to assess the juvenile delinquency program you selected in order to reform the existing program and perhaps add a few new ones. The government wants to increase reliance on alternative to incarceration programs, but needs to know if the current program is working. The government is thinking about adding more community programs, counseling, and after-school jobs for older juveniles. What is the name of the program you are assessing?Where is the program located?Have there been any studies completed on the effectiveness of the program you are reviewing for the assignment? What were the results of these studies? If no studies were done, would this have been informative?What (if any) positive impact is the program providing for the community and the delinquents?Will the program help to curb juvenile delinquency? Why?What are the negative aspects of the program you reviewed?Give specific suggestions for improving the program (none is not an appropriate answer here, there are always manners in which programs can be improved).Explain your reasoning for supporting or eliminating the program