Homework #3 Find the definitions of key terms outlined in the textbook and make notes on their applicability. Key Term 1. Mortality Rate 2. Surveillance 3. Attack Rate 4. Prevalence 5. 6. Definition Applicability Key Term 1. Herd immunity 2. Primary case vs. Secondary case 3.Subclinical disease 4. Vector 5. Incubation period Definition The resistance of a group of people to an attack by a disease to which a large proportion of the members of the group are immune. -A person who acquires the disease from exposure. -A person who acquires the disease from exposure to a primary case. Disease that is not clinically apparent and is not destined to become clinically apparent. This type of disease is often diagnosed by serologic (antibody) response or culture of the organism. Agents that promote the spread of disease by interacting with the host (human), agent (infection), and environment (that promotes exposure). The interval from receipt of infection to the time of onset of clinical illness. Applicability The more people that are immune to a disease, the less likely it can or will be transmitted to a susceptible person. Example: The more people who receive a vaccine for COVID-19, the less likely it will continue to spread to those who have not received the vaccine. If a person eats spoiled food and gets sick from eating it, they are a primary case. If a person who has the flu touches a bar in the subway, the next person touching the bar may get the flu. That is a secondary case. COVID- 19 is both a clinical and subclinical disease. Some people show signs and symptoms of the disease, while others have developed antibodies and were asymptomatic. Subclinical diseases can still be spread. In 2016, the Zika virus (infectious agent) was rapidly transmitted to humans (hosts), through mosquitoes in Brazil (tropical environment), where babies were born with microencephaly. The mosquitoes were the vector. The incubation period for COVID-19 is 14 days. The incubation period for the flu is 1 - 4 days. Depending on how fast the infection replicates in the human body and where, the incubation period can be shorter or longer. It can be inferred that the flu replicates faster than COVID-19.
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