BSC 2010 Florida International University Gene Expression Questions

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BSC 2010

Florida International University

BSC

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  1. As an analogy to gene expression in Eukaryotes, let’s compare it to the process of cooking recipes from a library of cookbooks. Match the cellular process with the analogous item and explain your choice. Cell items: DNA replication, Transcription, Nucleus, DNA, RNA transcript, Protein/polypeptide, Translation, RNA polymerase, Activator proteins, Ribosomes. Cooking analogy: Book, book printing, Bookmarks, Cooking, Cooks, Library, Photocopy, Photocopying, Prepared dish, Xerox machine
  2. A) Draw the Lac operon under 4 circumstances: 1) high glucose and high lactose, 2) high glucose, low lactose, 3) low glucose, high lactose, 4) low glucose and low lactose. B) Discuss which of those scenarios would have the highest levels of expression of the Lac operon and which ones would have the lowest.
  3. A) List the steps for gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. B) Relate the differences in gene expression between prokaryotes and eukaryotes to differences in gene expression regulation and explain what causes those differences.
  4. Explain how epigenetics affects gene expression. A) Lists the epigenetic mechanisms that can make a gene more likely to be expressed and the epigenetic mechanisms that would make it less likely to be expressed. B) How is epigenetics related to inheritance and the environment?
  5. A) Explain the difference between silent, missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations, B) rank them in the order of the most likely to be deleterious to the least likely to have an effect. C) Provide your reasoning for the ranking.
  6. A) How does the ability of the ligand to cross the plasma membrane determine where the receptors for that ligand will be located? B) Compare the signaling transduction pathway of a hydrophobic ligand with that of a hydrophilic ligand. C) Explain how cell signaling, such as hormones, can regulate gene expression.

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Explanation & Answer

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Running Head: GENE EXPRESSION

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Gene Expression
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GENE EXPRESSION
Answer 1

DNA could represent the recipe book which contains all the recipes for all proteins that
the cell could form. We can think of the nucleus as a library since, just like the library stores
books, the nucleus stores the DNA. In case a person wants to take a recipe and prepare it at
home, he or she must make a photocopy just like the DNA has to be transcribed into RNA. RNA
polymerase is the one responsible for photocopying. Activator proteins can be equated to a
bookmark. Just like the bookmark helps us find a particular page on the book quickly, activator
proteins speed up the transcription rate as it makes it easier for RNA polymerase to locate the
promoter. Ribosomes can be seen as cooks because just like the cooks use the recipe’s
information to pre...


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