Answer falling 2 questions Define each of the following terms: a. Interest tax shields; value of tax shield b. Adjusted present value (APV) model c. Compressed adjusted present value (CAPV) model Modigliani and Miller assumed that firms do not grow. How does positive growth change their conclusions about the value of the levered firm and its cost of capital? MINI CASEDavid Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firm’s level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies average about 30% debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use so much more debt and how it affects stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant. a. Who were Modigliani and Miller (MM), and what assumptions are embedded in the MM and Miller models? b. Assume that Firms U and L are in the same risk class and that both have EBIT $500,000. Firm U uses no debt financing, and its cost of equity is rsU 14%. Firm L has $1 million of debt outstanding at a cost of rd 8%. There are no taxes. Assume that the MM assumptions hold. (1) Find V, S, rs, and WACC for Firms U and L. (2) Graph (a) the relationships between capital costs and leverage as measured by D/V and (b) the relationship between V and D. c. Now assume that Firms L and U are both subject to a 40% corporate tax rate. Using the data given in Part b, repeat the analysis called for in b(1) and b(2) using assumptions from the MM model with taxes. d. SupposethatFirmsUandLaregrowingataconstantrateof7%andthattheinvestment in net operating assets required to support this growth is 10% of EBIT. Use the compressed adjusted present value (APV) model to estimate the value of U and L. Also estimate the levered cost of equity and the weighted average cost of capital. e. Suppose the expected free cash flow for Year 1 is $250,000 but it is expected to grow unevenly over the next 3 years: FCF2 $290,000 and FCF3 $320,000, after which it will grow at a constant rate of 7%. The expected interest expense at Year 1 is $80,000, but it is expected to grow over the next couple of years before the capital structure becomes constant: Interest expense at Year 2 will be $95,000, at Year 3 it will be $120,000, and it will grow at 7% thereafter. What is the estimated horizon unlevered value of operations (i.e., the value at Year 3 immediately after the FCF at Year 3)? What is the current unlevered value of operations? What is the horizon value of the tax shield at Year 3? What is the current value of the tax shield? What is the current total value? The tax rate and unlevered cost of equity remain at 40% and 14%, respectively.

You will select two case studies from list below. They will be found in your textbook. 1. Tooheys2. Satisfaction with Mass Marketing3. Frontier Golf Simulators After reading each case, respond in detail to its questions. Make sure that you answer all parts of the question. Use information taken from the course and from other courses and personal knowledge when developing your responses. You must also utilize at least one reference taken from the internet to help support your ideas and answers. Each response will be graded on the your ability to assimilate information from the course correctly into each answer. Consideration of the completeness of the response will also contribute toward the final assignment grade. Grammar, spelling, and sentence structure are gradable elements of your work. Your assignment should use double line spacing, 12 size, Times New Roman font. 2-Pages for each case.