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unffna7311

Humanities

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  1. In a computer model of memory, _____ would happen at the keyboard, _____ on the monitor, and _____ on the hard drive.
    storage, encoding, retrieval
    encoding, storage, retrieval
    retrieval, storage, encoding
    encoding, retrieval, storage

1 points

QUESTION 2

  1. The following descriptions are characteristic of _____: information lasts for a few seconds or less, a large but not unlimited storage capacity, and transmission of an accurate but not perfect “image.”
    working memory
    short-term memory
    long-term memory
    sensory memory

1 points

QUESTION 3

  1. This explains why you can recall what someone said several seconds ago, even if you were absorbed in another task when he or she first said it.
    working memory
    Phonosonic memory
    Iconic memory
    Echoic memory

1 points

QUESTION 4

  1. When you swallow the last bite of a divine piece of chocolate and continue to experience the delightful taste for a bit longer, you are utilizing your _____.
    long-term memory
    mnemonic devices
    sensory memory system
    imaginary sensory system

1 points

QUESTION 5

  1. Yu-Wai just met a woman he feels attracted to. He keeps saying her name over and over to himself to make sure he doesn't forget it. Yu-Wai is using _____ to keep this woman’s name in _____ memory.
    maintenance rehearsal; short-term memory
    mnemonics; long-term memory
    a reverberating circuit; sensory memory
    selective attention; short-term memory

1 points

QUESTION 6

  1. Miguel has an average memory capacity. Which of the following lists is the MOST likely to forget?
    IBM, CBS, FBI, CIA, NBC, ABC, ESP
    ZKQ, LMP, TSC, XRJ
    Karen, Kathy, Katie, Keith, Kevin, Kim,
    123, 456, 789, 987, 654, 321

1 points

QUESTION 7

  1. Short-term memory receives information from _____ memory.
    sensory
    sensory and long-term
    sensory and working
    long-term

1 points

QUESTION 8

  1. Your general knowledge of what you have learned so far in this course is called _____.
    nondeclarative memory
    implicit memory
    semantic memory
    episodic memory

1 points

QUESTION 9

  1. Just as chunking is a form of STM organization, _____ is (are) a form of LTM organization.
    parallel processing
    rehearsal
    hierarchies
    massed practice

1 points

QUESTION 10

  1. An essay test requires the use of _____ because you must use very general retrieval cues to search the contents of your LTM.
    the encoding specificity principle
    recall
    recognition
    all of these options

1 points

QUESTION 11

  1. When taking an exam, students often do better with items taken from the first and last of the chapter covered by the exam. This demonstrates _____.
    the state-dependent effect
    source amnesia
    the superiority of distributed practice
    the serial-position effect

1 points

QUESTION 12

  1. According to the serial position effect, to increase the chance that you will be remembered by your host when introduced at a crowded party, you should try to be introduced _____.
    seventh
    in the middle
    fourth
    either first or last

1 points

QUESTION 13

  1. In answering this question, the correct multiple-choice option may serve as a _____ for recalling accurate information from your long-term memory.
    specificity code
    priming pump
    retrieval cue
    flashbulb stimulus

1 points

QUESTION 14

  1. When asked to recall the date of John Kennedy’s assassination, Peter draws a blank; however, when asked whether it was October 24, 1962, November 22, 1963, or February 1, 1965, he correctly answers with the second of the choices. This example most clearly demonstrates the value of ______.

    state-dependent memory
    retrieval cues
    mnemonic devices
    cross links in deep structure

1 points

QUESTION 15

  1. Ebbinghaus found that he could remember _____ percent of a list of nonsense syllables an hour after learning the list perfectly, _____ percent a day later, and _____ percent a week later.
    10; 20; 30
    44; 35; 21
    99; 90; 10
    50; 49; 48

1 points

QUESTION 16

  1. According to Ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve, forgetting _____.
    is initially rapid, then slows
    is initially slow, then speeds
    occurs at a steady rate over time
    occurs rapidly in children and older adults, but slower in young adults

1 points

QUESTION 17

  1. To measure Anita’s retention of the poems she learned 15 years ago, the time it took her to review, recall, and recite the poetry was recorded. This is an example of _____.
    a recall ratio
    relearning
    reintegration
    none of these options

1 points

QUESTION 18

  1. Tests make you anxious. You forgot there was a test today. Freud might suggest that his theory of _____ applies in this situation.
    passive aggressiveness
    unconscious resistance
    defense mechanisms
    motivated forgetting

1 points

QUESTION 19

  1. Encoding failure is likely due to _____.
    momentary inaccessibility
    a failure of sensory memory
    a problem with STM
    deciding the information wasn't important enough to transfer to LTM

1 points

QUESTION 20

  1. This is an example of the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.
    Paul said “ooks” instead of “oops.”
    Simon wrote a song, but just couldn’t recall the words at the moment.
    Art said “white” instead of “black.”
    Peter experienced a sour sensation when he licked his lollipop.

1 points

QUESTION 21

  1. You are likely to forget your old address once you have learned your new one because of _____ interference.
    episodic
    semantic
    proactive
    retroactive

1 points

QUESTION 22

  1. Varian is finding it hard to learn Greek in his first year of college because he took Latin in his last two years of high school. This is an example of _____.
    motivated forgetting
    proactive interference
    temporary amnesia
    retroactive interference

1 points

QUESTION 23

  1. An assailant entered a classroom and attacked the professor during class! Of course, it was staged for a learning experience so the professor said, “What did he look like? I only noticed he was really tall,” even though he was actually rather short. When questioned by the police, most students described the assailant as being really tall; this is known as the _______.
    misinformation effect
    sleeper effect
    source amnesia
    the double bind

1 points

QUESTION 24

  1. Jamie heard about a divorce that was printed in the RAG MAG, which she does not believe is very reliable. However, over time, she forgot where she heard about the divorce. The fact that she later came to believe the story was true is known as _______.a) the misinformation effectb) the information effectc) the sleeper effectd) source amnesia
    the information effect
    the misinformation effect
    the sleeper effect
    source amnesia

1 points

QUESTION 25

  1. Cramming is another term for _____, which is an inefficient form of studying.
    buddy studying
    serial studying
    massed practice
    priming

1 points

QUESTION 26

  1. Students who study in long, unbroken intervals are engaged in _____, and are likely to perform _____ on a test of what they learned.
    massed practice; well
    distributed practice; well
    distributed practice; poorly
    massed practice; poorly

1 points

QUESTION 27

  1. Why do your teachers want you to distribute your study time evenly across the semester, rather than cram your learning into a few long, unbroken intervals just before exam days?
    They want you to be a nerd.
    They are capitalizing on the sleeper effect.
    They know people learn better when using massed practice rather than distributive practice.
    They know people learn better when using distributed rather than massed practice

1 points

QUESTION 28

  1. Which of the following statements about culture and memory is ACCURATE?
    Culture affects both the “software” and “hardware” components of memory.
    Preliterate cultures recall orally presented stories better than literate cultures.
    Reading a story strongly influences memory in all cultures, regardless of schooling.
    All of these options are accurate.

1 points

QUESTION 29

  1. What conclusion can be drawn from cross-cultural studies of memory?
    People in all cultures demonstrate the same memory abilities.
    Culture provides experiences and strategies that improve memory for culturally relevant information.
    People in preliterate cultures have fewer memory strategies than people in literate cultures.
    Many cultures do not consider memory to be an important mental function.

1 points

QUESTION 30

  1. Your vivid memory of what you were doing when you learned about the attack on the World Trade Center is an example of _____.
    latent learning
    long-term potentiation
    the encoding specificity principle
    a flashbulb memory

1 points

QUESTION 31

  1. Kelsey suffers from _____ amnesia because he cannot remember the events that led up to the motorcycle accident that injured his brain.
    retroactive
    anterograde
    retrograde
    proactive

1 points

QUESTION 32

  1. Ralph fell through the floor of his tree house and found himself in the hospital. He has no memory of his hospital stay, which suggests he has developed _____ amnesia.
    proactive
    retroactive
    anterograde
    retrograde

1 points

QUESTION 33

  1. PET scans of patients with Alzheimer’s disease suggest they have a loss of function in the _____.
    parietal lobe
    temporal lobe
    temporal and parietal lobes
    entire cerebral cortex

1 points

QUESTION 34

  1. June-bug has Alzheimer’s disease. Which of the following is she MOST likely to forget?
    why her sisters added the “bug” to her name when they were kids
    how to shift gears in her Mercedes
    how to tie her shoes
    all of these options

1 points

QUESTION 35

  1. Researchers have demonstrated that it is _____ to create false memories.
    relatively easy
    moderately difficult
    rarely possible
    never possible

1 points

QUESTION 36

  1. In a study of eyewitness testimony, _____ of the participants who observed a “crime in progress” identified innocent people from a group of mugshots an hour later, and _____ identified innocent people from a lineup a week later.
    none; 15%
    none; none
    20%; 8%
    63%; 85%

1 points

QUESTION 37

  1. If you erroneously recall the reading the word “sleep” on a list of words like “"snooze, nap, rest, wake, doze,” you are probably _____.
    suffering from the sleeper effect
    experiencing early signs of Alzheimer”s disease
    constructing a false memory
    experiencing anterograde amnesia

1 points

QUESTION 38

  1. To remember the pathway for vision you imagine yourself walking into your house, noting the cornea peephole in the front door, the entryway fishbowl full of aqueous humor, and a pupil seated in your living room handing you a lens as you enter the dining room where glasses filled with vitreous humor rest on a retinal tablecloth with pictures of rods and cones. This is an example of _____.
    using acronyms
    using peg words
    a psychotic breakdown
    the method of loci

1 points

QUESTION 39

  1. Which of the following supports the idea that elaborative rehearsal leads to better recall than maintenance rehearsal?
    People who study words by counting syllables remember than better than people who study by placing words into sentences

      People who study words by placing them into sentences remember than better than people who study by counting syllables

        People who study words by rating the pleasantness of their sounds recall them as well as people who study by counting syllables

          People who study words by rating the pleasantness of their sounds recall them as well as people who place words into sentences

        1 points

        QUESTION 40

        1. Which of the following persons is using a mental image?
          Karen is savoring her memory of the chocolate truffle she ate last night.
          Farique is smugly picturing his new Ferrari.
          Jamila is mentally reviewing the pitch and timbre of the notes in the new song she rehearsed last night.
          All of these options

        1 points

        QUESTION 41

        1. Which of the following supports the principle of encoding specificity?
          People who study in a depressed mood do better when tested in a good mood
          People who study under the effects of anti-anxiety medication do better when tested under the effects of anti-anxiety medicine
          People who study in a manic state do better when tested in a manic state
          Both b and c

        1 points

        QUESTION 42

        1. All of the following are examples of concepts EXCEPT _____.

          tools
          trees
          blue
          umbrellas

        1 points

        QUESTION 43

        1. Which are examples of abstract concepts?
          Honesty, intelligence, love
          Cars, trucks, motorcycles
          Blue, green, red
          People, places, things

        1 points

        QUESTION 44

        1. For most psychologists, language is a formal _____, whereas the public generally uses fuzzy _____.

          definition; descriptions
          artificial concept; natural concepts
          mental image; concepts
          superordinate concept; basic level concepts

        1 points

        QUESTION 45

        1. In everyday “real” life, most of us use _____ concepts.

          mental
          artificial
          natural
          formal

        1 points

        QUESTION 46

        1. Based on most people’s prototype for fruit, which of the following would take longer to classify?

          An orange
          An apple
          Grapes
          An avocado

        1 points

        QUESTION 47

        1. When learning a new concept, children are most likely to learn the basic level or _____ first.

          superordinate category
          prototype
          subcategory
          hierarchy

        1 points

        QUESTION 48

        1. When shown a picture of a poodle, most adults will first classify it as _____.

          an animal
          a dog
          a mammal
          a highbred

        1 points

        QUESTION 49

        1. Rosa is shopping in a new supermarket and wants to find a specific type of mustard. Which problem-solving strategy would be most efficient?
          Instinct
          Heuristic
          Algorithm
          Mental set

        1 points

        QUESTION 50

        1. CURRENT thinking regarding Whorf’s linguistic relativity hypothesis suggests that _____.

          thought determines language
          language determines thought
          language influences thought
          thought influences language

        1 points

        QUESTION 51

        1. Which of the following would support a genetic contribution to intelligence?
          The degree of similarity for IQ scores is the same for identical and fraternal twins
          The degree of similarity for IQ scores is the same for identical and fraternal twins
          Identical twins have more similar IQ scores than fraternal twins
          None of the above

        1 points

        QUESTION 52

        1. Minority schoolchildren perform better on verbal intelligence tests when they are told the test has nothing to do with school compared to when they are told the test is school-related. Which of the following can be concluded?
          Ethnic and racial differences in intelligence mark different levels of preparedness
          Intelligence tests are not culturally biased
          Intelligence tests are influenced by stereotypes and expectation
          None of the above

        1 points

        QUESTION 53

        1. Which of the following supports Whorf’s Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis?
          Providing feminine attributes to a child when referred to as HE/SHE compared to HE
          Rating a character in a story as more aggressive when referred to as a CHAIRMAN than a CHAIRPERSON
          Japanese speakers cannot, but English speakers can, discriminate between the /r/ and /l/ distinction
          All of the above

        1 points

        QUESTION 54

        1. Which of the following supports the idea that people store words in terms of their morphemes?
          People are faster to respond to GOVERNMENT when it is preceded by another noun
          People are faster to respond to GOVERNMENT when it is preceded by a similar-sounding word
          People are faster to respond to GOVERNMENT when it is preceded by GOVERNOR
          All of the above

        1 points

        QUESTION 55

        1. Studies of speech corpuses show that people are just as likely to produce speech errors involving parts of words, such as “nail the letter” instead of “mail the letter,” as they are to produce errors involving whole words, such as “fax the letter” instead of “mail the letter.” This result suggests that people store language in terms of which building block?
          Phonemes
          Morphemes
          Words
          Sentences

        1 points

        QUESTION 56

        1. Research shows that people are faster to verify that SLAP is a word when it is preceded by SLANT compared to when it is preceded by CRAMP. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
          People break words down and store them in terms of their morphemes
          People break words down and store them in terms of their phonemes
          People only use the rules of syntax and not semantics
          People only use the rules of semantics and not syntax

        1 points

        QUESTION 57

        1. Research shows that people are faster to verify that SLAP is a word when it is preceded by SLANT compared to when it is preceded by CRAMP. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn?
          People break words down and store them in terms of their morphemes
          People break words down and store them in terms of their phonemes
          People only use the rules of syntax and not semantics
          People only use the rules of semantics and not syntax

        1 points

        QUESTION 58

        1. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn the finding that people are faster to verify that a cocker spaniel is a dog compared to the time it takes to verify that a cocker spaniel is an animal?
          People store conceptual information in the form of hierarchies
          People always use algorithms to verify relationships
          People always form artificial concepts to verify relationships
          All of the above

        1 points

        QUESTION 59

        1. Which of the following would support the idea that people store concepts in terms of prototypes?
          People are faster to verify that a robin is a bird
          People are faster to verify that ostrich is a bird
          People are equally fast to verify that robins and ostriches are birds
          People always form artificial concepts

        1 points

        QUESTION 60

        1. The stereotype threat affects the IQ scores of which of the following groups?
          Women
          The elderly
          White male athletes
          All of these options

        1 points

        QUESTION 61

        1. The Flynn Effect refers to the increase in IQ scores over the years, and may be due to _____.
          better nutrition
          people becoming better test-takers
          improved public education
          all of these options

        1 points

        QUESTION 62

        1. Ethnic group differences in IQ scores can be due to _____.
          socioeconomic differences
          cultural biases in IQ tests
          negative stereotypes about minorities
          all of these options

        1 points

        QUESTION 63

        1. Current research regarding the origins of intellectual capacity _____.
          suggests nature and nurture both have an impact, but the amount can’t be determined
          suggests that nature has greater impact than nurture
          suggests that nurture has greater impact than nature
          suggests that nature and nurture have equal impact

        1 points

        QUESTION 64

        1. Researchers in the Minnesota study found that genetic factors played _____ role in IQ scores of identical twins reared apart.
          a moderate
          a very small
          a large
          no

        1 points

        QUESTION 65

        1. Brain activity is _____ correlated with intelligence.
          negatively
          positively
          highly
          not

        1 points

        QUESTION 66

        1. The brains of more intelligent people use fewer _____ to solve problems than a less efficient brain.
          parts of the brain
          neurotransmitters
          synapses
          energy or glucose resources

        1 points

        QUESTION 67

        1. Speed of response is _____ correlated with IQ scores.
          negatively
          positively
          highly
          not

        1 points

        QUESTION 68

        1. The _____ area in Einstein's brain was 15% larger than the same area in other people.
          mathematical and spatial (parietal lobe)
          verbal (temporal lobe)
          somatosensory
          all of these options

        1 points

        QUESTION 69

        1. Compared to human norms, Einstein’s brain was _____.
          heavier
          larger and heavier
          larger
          neither larger nor heavier

        1 points

        QUESTION 70

        1. Which of the following is TRUE of mentally gifted people, compared to people of average intellectual abilities?
          They have fewer suicides.
          They have a lower incidence of alcoholism.
          They have more intellectual opportunities.
          All of these options are true

        1 points

        QUESTION 71

        1. People with IQs between 40 and 70 who demonstrate exceptional skill or brilliance in areas such as rapid calculations, art, or musical ability are called _____.
          savants
          gifted
          exceptional
          none of the above

        1 points

        QUESTION 72

        1. Intellectually gifted people score in the top _____ percent on a standard IQ test.
          1-2
          5
          10
          5-10

        1 points

        QUESTION 73

        1. People with an intellectual disability who demonstrate exceptional ability or brilliance in some specific areas are called _____.
          savants
          idiot geniuses
          mildly retarded
          connoisseurs

        1 points

        QUESTION 74

        1. Only about _____% of the general population have an intellectual disability and, of that number, about _____ are mildly disabled.
          2%; 65%
          3%; 85%
          4%; 85%
          5%; 90%

        1 points

        QUESTION 75

        1. Intellectual disability applies to an individual with significant deficits in adaptive functioning and a score below _____ on a standard IQ test.
          a50
          60
          70
          80

        1 points

        QUESTION 76

        1. The controversy over IQ tests in the United States is related to problems with _____.
          standardization
          reliability
          validity
          norms

        1 points

        QUESTION 77

        1. If a test is standardized and reliable, what conclusions can you make about its validity?
          The test is probably valid.
          The test is probably invalid.
          The test may be valid for some people, but not for others.
          You cannot determine validity from reliability or standardization.

        1 points

        QUESTION 78

        1. If a test is valid, then its scores will be useful in _____.
          predicting the test-taker’s behavior in a similar situation
          establishing a standardization curve
          determining a person’s genetic capacity for the behavior that was tested
          all of these options

        1 points

        QUESTION 79

        1. This is a measure of a test’s ability to measure what it is designed to measure.
          Validity
          Standardization
          Reliability
          Normalization

        1 points

        QUESTION 80

        1. Reliability can be determined using _____.
          standardization procedures and testing individuals
          the test-retest and split-half methods
          population norms and standardization norms
          all of these options

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